Lingaliro la malamulo a boma: zamoyo mu nthawi

Chibwenzi, imodzi-chidutswa ndi malamulo a boma m'chilamulo silinakwaniritsidwe anapezeka ndi kutulutsa. Ndipo pali zifukwa ziwiri zabwino. Choyamba, malamulo a boma - kuti gawo palokha ndipo dera patokha kudziwa sayansi chilango malamulo ndi maphunziro a dzina chomwecho, kuphunzira akatswiri m'tsogolo. Chachiwiri, kuyang'ana pa mfundo ndi zolinga za malamulo a boma mu dziko lathu zasintha kangapo pa nthawi.

Dzina "Wachifwamba" anabwera kwa ife ku Russia wakale. makolo athu amatchedwa kuti mbali ya malamulo (akulankhula za mafakitale masiku amenewo sizimatanthauza), zomwe n'kukulemberani chilango cha machitidwe wotsutsa- chikhalidwe - milandu. Pakuti upandu wolakwa pa adzakhala ndi udindo mutu, kuti moyo wake. Chilango cha imfa inali chilango ambiri. malamulo a boma anali mantha kukopa anthu. Cholinga cha malamulo chigawenga anali kuteteza mikangano pakati pa anthu a. Mu Middle Ages Kuthi anali anayambitsa yekha ndi mankhwala a wovulalayo. Kumene, ndiye lingaliro la malamulo a boma, zogwirizana nthawi ino, sitingakhale kupangidwa.

Ndiyeno, kulimbitsa ndi boma anayamba kupanga ziwalo yeniyeni ndi nyumba nawo kufufuza ndi mwano wa zigawenga. Achikhalire loyamba yekha chigawenga malamulo inakhazikitsa pansi Peter Wamkulu ndipo ankatchedwa chodetsa asilikali. Kenako, pamene Catherine Commission wakonzekeretsa hayala wa deanery, amene adatsimikizira mbali yapadera ya State ndi matupi onse m'chilamulo chigawenga. Mwachibadwa, pa siteji iyi mfundo malamulo a boma kwambiri zinasintha. Cholinga cha chilango wakhala anazindikira mu maphunziro a munthu olemekezeka nzika. Mu nthawi ya maphunziro kutumikira dziko iwo ankaona ntchito zachilengedwe wa nzika iliyonse ya wolemekezeka, ndi kuchita mlandu, kunaoneka ndi anthu monga odana ndi boma ndi makhalidwe oipa.

Kuyambira m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, pali ntchito sayansi zoyenera pa nkhani ya malamulo ndi chikhalidwe chikhalidwe cha upandu ndi chilango. Mlembi wa buku loyamba pa chilangocho anali Osip Goregliad. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu zoweta sayansi chitukuko ndi anthu akhala atagonjetsa wotchuka kumadzulo kwa malingaliro a positivism. Tsopano, ngati nkhani kukonza dongosolo chilango wolemba atamukoka osati kuti maganizo awo ndi maganizo, komanso zinachitikira, kuyesera, kuonerera watsutsidwa.

Mu Soviet Union, kamodzinso, latsopano tione mfundo ndi phunziro la malamulo a boma. mu Zokambirana lamulo la anzeru chisanadze chosintha chimatengedwa ngati thunthu cholakwika, pali kukana malamulo yachifumu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano. Kodi malamulo a boma makamaka boma, osati anthu. Anandilola ntchito chitsanzo cha chilamulo ndi ufulu, ndipo aliyense "zokayikitsa" dongosolo chipani ndi mphamvu iliyonse ya "mdani wa anthu" amatha nkhani. Code chimayamba ndi gawo pa analakwira boma. Munthu si bwino kutetezedwa, analakwira munthu amafotokozedwa yekha pakati pa lamulo chigawenga. Sizachilendo mchikakamizo cha nthawi, mchikakamizo cha njira umoyo ndale mu dziko, mfundo malamulo a boma ndi oipa.

Post-Soviet Russia walowa msinkhu wina wa chitukuko cha lamulo. Today ankaona milandu yoopsa kwambiri ndi munthuyo, ndipo formulations onse anawagawa anthu amene chakuti nkhani ya milandu onse, anthu amene kuyamba Kuthi ayenera mawu a wovulalayo, ndi milandu payekha. N'zotheka kuti posachedwapa m'chilamulo zoweta kukhala mfundo malamulo a malamulo a boma.