Kodi kuderako ndi "chimene iwo amadya?"

Yankho la funso limene ali kuderako mu madera Mwachitsanzo, kupeza kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri, koma ndi bwino kutembenukira kwa zamoyo ndi kulingalira maganizo amenewa kuchokera mbali kwachilengedwenso.

Tanthauzo, maonekedwe, kuderako

Otchedwa kuderako mitundu - oimira zomera ndi zinyama kuti moyo malo mwachilungamo olekanitsidwa kapena zinthu zochepa. Nthawi zambiri malo amenewa ndiwo zinthu zachilengedwe kapena Hrs anasiyanitsidwa ndi dziko lonse. Komanso, m'madera deta yodziwika ndi malo otetezedwawo, mwachitsanzo anthu kumene zinthu kuli mitundu kuderako sizinasinthe kwa nthawi yaitali.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yaikulu anthu ambiri a mitundu masiku ano zomera ndi nyama ikuyenda mu gawo la osowa kapena kuderako, limalimbikitsa anthu kukhazikitsa malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi nkhokwe kuti asunge ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha nyama otsala. Anthu zovuta kumvetsa zimene ali kuderako tsogolo lathu. Mitundu zambiri tikuuzidwa mu gawo kuderako, timayamba kuchepetsa malo awo, nyama ndi zomera kukonza madera kufanana.

gulu la endemics

Dziwani kuti mitundu kuderako kuti moyo pa dera la zipululu chimodzi chokha (Welwitschia chodabwitsa, wophuka mwapadera mu Kachikumbu M'chipululu) chilumba chimodzi kapena mmodzi wa lokwera la (pali subspecies wa mbalame ija yotchedwa hummingbird kuti amakhala limodzi phiri Chimborazo ili America South), wotchedwa uzkoendemichnymi. Kuti potsiriza amadziwa kuderako, ayenera kukhala bwino ndi gulu lenileni, limene mitundu amenewa anawagawa neoendemics (mwapang'onopang'ono kuderako) ndi paleoendemikov (relict kuderako).

Neoendemics otchedwa ngati kwachilengedwenso taxa (mitundu), kumene likufanana ndi "nyumba" wake, koma mu kudera lakutali, mwachitsanzo mu zisumbu ochokera ku mayiko. Mwachitsanzo, mu Madagascar 65% zomera ndizo mitundu kuderako, mu Hawaii, chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka ndi 90%. Komanso, awa zina mitundu tikukhala mu Crimea, pa nyanja, pa Seychelles, chisumbu cha Saint Helena, British Isles, etc. Ndipo, ndithudi, kukambirana zimene ali kuderako, ngati osanenapo oimira odziwika ..: kangaroos ndi koalas. Iwo anabwera mu infraclass amene amakhala yekha ku Australia.

Paleoendemikami mtundu womwewo zikuonekera chifukwa cha zikuchititsa kuti pafupifupi iwo mbali yaikulu ya ranges zawo zakale. Zotsala oimira yakale anapulumuka, makamaka chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwawo mokwanira kuchokera zambiri otukuka. Relict mitundu kuderako nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mafupawa wamoyo, popeza akuluakulu oimira magulu okulirapo, amene anakhalako zaka zambiri zapitazo. Zikuphatikizapo crossopterygian nsomba (coelacanth) klyuvogolovye zokwawa (Tuatara), ng'ona, horseshoe nkhanu, lungfish (protopter) monotremes (mamba platypus) ndi T D..

kuderako la America

North America ndi kuchuluka kwake mitundu kuderako kuliganizira. Mmodzi wa mitundu yambiri kuzindikira za zomera za thupi amenewa ndi ili pa dera la United States, ndi chimphona mtengo Sequoia, oimira munthu umene am'deralo Mudawatcha ngakhale maina awo. Ndi mitundu kuderako mbewu mulinso paini Balfour, tansy Huron, pachycormus discolor zokongola, Obregon de A Negri ndi T. D. Kuchokera zinyama kuderako dziko la North America tingaone nkhalango njati, cougar, American wakuda chimbalangondo, Mississippi alligator, ndi bullfrog (akafika kutalika ndi 20 cm) ndi California condor.

Baikal - ngale ya Siberia

Kumvetsa zimene ali kuderako ndi nyanja ya Baikal, tiyenera kokha chidwi kuti nyama ndi zomera za m'nyanja ndi 65% tichipeza mitundu kuderako. Chotero, 2600 ndi kunyumba kwa mitundu ndi subspecies wa pang'ono kuposa 1,000 taxa, m'ma 95 genera, 10 mabanja ali mamembala a dziko kuderako. Mmodzi wa wotchuka Nyanja Baikal endemics angatchedwe Baikal chidindo (chidindo), mmodzi yekha madzi oyera mitundu chisindikizo mu dziko. Iwo mulinso nyanja mitundu kuderako ndi mabanja: kansomba, zheltokrylye (M'nyanja nsomba) Baikalian omul (Salmonidae banja) Baikalian epishura (nkhanu, kufika pafupifupi kukula za 1.5-2 mm) ndipo monga tatchulazi, chisindikizo Baikalian.