Kapangidwe ndi mfundo za lamulo kuyan'anila za la Russia

M'nthambi ŵa za malamulo dziko lililonse ndi malamulo a boma. Wonse wa kamba ake systematized, codified ndipo ananyezimiritsa mu Code Wachifwamba. Kenako ife tiyang'ana pa mfundo, zolinga ndi mfundo za malamulo a boma, chikhalidwe cha ntchito zake, komanso mafunso ya kutanthauzira. Kuti lozani kufunika kwa nkhani, zitakwaniranso kunena kuti ndiyekhayo ya malamulo chigawenga ndipo kokha pamaziko a munthu angapezeke wolakwa pa kuchita kachitidwe zigawenga (kanthu kapena sakuchita) ndi chilango.

Lingaliro la malamulo a boma

Asanapereke tanthauzo amenewa, m'pofunika kuti mupeze mawu chimapangitsa. Kodi chilamulo? Matanthauzo angapezeke kwambiri, koma iwo onse wiritsani pansi ku zigawo zitatu: malo a mphamvu wapamwamba malamulo, malangizo ndi kuvomereza kokha boma matupi womuimira. Pa mfundo imeneyi, n'zotheka kupereka tanthauzo wathunthu. The lamulo ndi kachitidwe wapadera wa nyumba ya malamulo, anatengedwa mu dongosolo yeniyeni imene ili ndi malamulo mphamvu Kumwambamwamba, amene cholinga - zonse ubale zofunika kwambiri ndi watanthauzo anthu.

Concept ndi makhalidwe a chilamulo chigawenga ofanana. Koma iwo amene ali ndi mafakitale limatchula. malamulo ake kukhazikitsa mfundo, amapereka mtima zimene zochita anganene kuti ndi mlandu, kukhazikitsa zilango kwa anthu amene ndikuwapereka iwo.

lamulo lirilonse yotero ndi munthuyo ali ndi chimango malamulo - ndi Constitution la dziko.

mfundo

Malinga ndi malamulo a boma (Article 3-7) kumatanthauza mfundo zisanu zofunika. Choyamba, lamulo. Upandu zochitika zina kapena zosiyidwa chilango ndi mavuto (malamulo a boma) atsimikiziridwa potsatira malamulo Wachifwamba, ntchito chitsanzochi ndi zosayenela. Chachiwiri, kuyanjana kwa mwamtheradi nzika zonse pamaso pa lamulo, kaya mwamuna kapena mkazi, zaka, mtundu, chipembedzo, chuma chawo, ndi zina zotero. D. Wokwanira kukumbukira Themis (mulungu wa chilungamo wa nthano zakale Greek) amene maso zibisika chigamba chosonyeza mosakondera. Chachitatu, mfundo ndi kufunika kwa malamulo a boma nthaŵi zonse zogwirizana ndi mfundo yonena za chilungamo. Chilango njila zina khalidwe la zigawenga malamulo kukhala kuja vutolo. Chachinayi, mfundo ya kupalamula. Popanda, monga ife tikudziwira, mulibe upandu, palibe chilango. Munthu angathe kuonedwa ayenera chokha cha zinthu kapena zosiyidwa zimene zimaona kutsimikiziridwa wolakwa. Chachisanu, umunthu. The malamulo a boma ndi cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu, ndipo Mulimonsemo alibe manyazi kapena mavuto.

Mfundo - si lingaliro la malamulo a boma, ndipo maziko ake, malinga ndi zimene mawu a zolinga: kutetezela ufulu wa munthu ndi nzika, dongosolo malamulo, kukhazikika ndi chitetezo, katundu, etc. (a Wachifwamba Code Article 2) ...

Kapangidwe ka malamulo wachifwamba

dongosolo National ya malamulo a boma ndi galasi chifaniziro cha Code Wachifwamba a zigawo zikuluzikulu Russian. Ndi gulu limodzi, pamwamba pa womwenso ndi malamulo a boma. Lingaliro ndi kapangidwe ndi ankaona pamodzi. Anatinso magwero onse a Code Wachifwamba lagawidwa mbali ziwiri zofunika kwambiri: onse ndi wapadera. Nawonso, yagawidwa m'magawo, chaputala ndi maina kake. Kwa nkhaniyo anali zomveka zokwanira kukatenga pepala Baibulo la Code Wachifwamba, kapena kutsegula izo mu umodzi wa Buku ndi zamalamulo. Mitu anawagawa nkhani ndi chiwerengero siriyo ndi dzina case, amene nawonso, mosavuta mmene ntchito ndi chikalata ndi kupeza mfundo. manambala anapatsidwanso mu buku mu buku la Machitidwe munthu zachilengedwe chigawenga mwalamulo kuti m'gulu la Code Wachifwamba.

zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi, chaputala 15 ndi nkhani 102 zikuphatikizapo okwana lamulo chigawenga. Lingaliro ndiponso dongosolo la malamulo a boma kulandira chithandizo chapadera. Mbali yapadera lili Zikatero, 19 chaputala amaphatikizidwa mu zigawo zisanu ndi 271 nkhani.

The kungoganizira, khalidwe lake, ndi kuvomereza - mbali zonse structural cha lamulo, amene kale Kwalamulidwa zitatu dongosolo. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu, nayenso, ndi mitundu ndi gulu pa malo osiyanasiyana. Iwo amasiyana malinga mbali kapena Chalk kwa General Part wa Code Wachifwamba.

Amanena: lingaliro ndi mitundu

Mu kungoganizira ayenera kumvetsa zinthu zina, pa zosayembekezereka zomwe zimagwira malamulo enshrining lamulo. Mbali imeneyi ya ponseponse malamulo amatanthauza zinthu zina moyo, pamaso amene amakankhira zisudzo mu ubale wina ndi mzake. The kungoganizira akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena zovuta. Mbali yoyamba anasonyeza chikhalidwe chimodzi chokha koyenera kukhazikitsa mfundo, ndi lachiwiri pali zingapo. Zovuta kungoganizira, nayenso, anawagawa chokhala ndi zina. N'kutheka pamaso pa zinthu zingapo nthawi yomweyo. An amanena zina ndi nkhani ya ndikukhazikitsa malamulo kudalira wina wa zifukwa zingapo. Palinso gulu malinga ndi digiri ya mavuto. Mogwirizana ndi uyu ali kwenikweni gulu zina ndi malingaliro olimbika zina lamulo.

Wamtima: lingaliro ndi mitundu

Monga mbali ya "khalidwe" amasonyeza mbali zotengera malingaliridwe ndi cholinga zomwe kuwononga mchitidwe anthu. Izi mchitidwe mfundo malamulo a boma ndi "pachimake" a lamulo, popeza anakonza malamulo a khalidwe la nkhaniyi. Malinga akafuna ulaliki wa mtima kungakhale yosavuta kapena logwirizana. Mbali yoyamba ndi zosinthika ya khalidwe la munthu, koma sichinayambe kuwuluridwa Mwachitsanzo, Art. 128 h. 1 CC RF. Zikatero, wachiwiri mbali zonse zofunika anafotokoza (v. 209 h. 1 ndi T. D.). Malinga mlingo wa ndithu ndi chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe ndi mwamtheradi ndipo ndi zina. Woyamba zochuluka amaika udindo komanso mabungwe alamulo (maphwando) Kukhala paubwenzi. Ngakhale yotsirizira kulandira kuchitapo kanthu. Malinga zikuchokera makhalidwe kusiyanitsa ophweka, komanso zina.

Kuvomerezedwa: lingaliro ndi mitundu

Lingaliro la chilamulo chigawenga wa Russian Federation ndi mchitidwe structural wa ponseponse "chilolezo" tikutanthauza mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chilango cha ziwawa zina. Iwo akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena zovuta. Mbali yoyamba lili chilango wina, pamene lachiwiri - ochepa. ziletso chipangizo anawagawa chokhala mwamtendere monga ziganizo zingapo nthawi imodzi (mwachitsanzo, kumanga ndi kulandidwa kwa chuma), ndi zina (kuchotsedwa kapena Chilango). Malinga:

• chikhalidwe cha zotsatira kungakhale: zabwino ndi zoipa;
• digiri ya motsimikiza kuti: ziletso mtheradi, munali yeniyeni umboni (. Mwachitsanzo, wabwino wa rubles 30 chikwi), ndi wachibale - yekha anapereka chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malire, kapena m`modzi wa iwo;
• chikhalidwe cha zikunena pagulu: Chilango, pravovosstanovitelnye, chenjezo.

malamulo a boma: kanthu mu mlengalenga, nthawi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu

Kubweretsa udindo pa chigawenga pansi pa Code Wachifwamba la Chitaganya cha Russia adzakhala phunziro kwa anthu onse amene anachita machimo m'gawo la dziko (iwo anapereka lamulo lalikulu ladziko, komanso Chilamulo "Pa State Border wa Russian Federation"). Upandu (ngozi anthu) Kachitidwe ndi punishability ake amasonyeza malamulo a boma (lingaliro ndi mitundu zafotokozedwa pamwambapa) mu mphamvu pa nthawi pamene anachita. Ndiko kuti, mu nthawi ino iye chifukwa kubwera mu mphamvu (masiku 10 pambuyo imafalitsidwa kapena panthaŵi yotchulidwa) koma sasiya. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zoweta malamulo a boma chibadidwe retroactivity. Ndiko kuti, ngati udindo anatengedwa ndi kuchotsa criminality kapena chilango chake kwa mitigating ziletso kapena kuwongolera malo a munthu wolakwa, amagwira ntchito kwa zinthu zimene tinachita isanafike umwana awo.

Lingaliro ya kutanthauzira lamulo chigawenga

Kuwonjezeka mlingo wa kumbali, mtima wake, kuteteza ufulu wa anthu, zofuna anthu ndi boma amafuna kuti mutu wa malamulo lamulo anali ntchito moyenera ndi molondola. Izi sizingatheke popanda kumvetsetsa zinthu umoyo ndale mu dziko, tanthauzo la kachitidwe, mikhalidwe imene inachititsa kufunika kwa zolinga zake umwana.

Pansi pa kutanthauzira ambiri amadziwira monga kukhazikitsidwa kwa wokhutira, chizindikiritso ndi elucidation tanthauzo lake, kupereka mafotokozedwe za mawu ntchito ndi wopanga malamulo a. Imalimbikitsa ntchito yunifolomu ya mfundo, kuperewera zolondola. Choncho, mfundo ndi mitundu ya kutanthauzira lamulo chigawenga zofunika zothandiza.

Gawo ndi nkhani (nduna)

Iwo anachita, malingana ndi momwe thupi wapangidwa kutanthauzira kwa lamulo, limene imalongosola kudzipereka kwake.

1. Zoonadi kutanthauzira. Amachokera kwa chiwalo kuti anatenga kachitidwe malamulo. mphamvu Data akuupereka yekha Assembly Federal. mafotokozedwe amenewa amamanga pa anthu onse ndi akuluakulu onse.
2. Kutanthauzira malamulo imagwiridwa ndi ulamuliro wa onse kuti lamulo lamulo (la State Duma). ntchito kuvomerezedwa bwalo yochepa ya anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo ulemu umene mfundo anapatsidwa.
3. Wamba kutanthauzira. Icho chaperekwa ziwalo zonse za dongosolo zotuluka mwa ntchito za lamulo linalake kuti kuganizira mlandu (mu T wake. H. Monga chigamulocho wa Plenum Sun, SAC).

Concept ndi mitundu ya kutanthauzira lamulo chigawenga pamwambapa ntchito wambili boma.

Gawo phunziro (mwamwayi)

1. Chiphunzitso - izo umachitika ndodo sayansi maloya kwambiri woyenerera mabuku, monographs, nkhani za sayansi ndemanga pa lamulo. Ndipo ngakhale alibe mphamvu kumanga, koma kumathandiza kumvetsa yoyenera ndi ntchito kuchita zolimbana kuchita.
2. Professional - kupereka maloya ake mudziko la nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokhudza ntchito mu mchitidwe malamulo a boma. Si kumangako ndipo alibe mphamvu malamulo.
3. Tsiku ndi Tsiku - kwapatsidwa pa kambiri zikutitsimikizira kuti aliyense wa gulu sanali akatswiri ubale malamulo.

njira gulu

Lingaliro la malamulo a boma mwachindunji ndi mmene ikuchitika kutanthauzira. Gawo ili monga maziko kutenga njira kuti pali phwando, ndi chimene ikuchitika.

1. kutanthauzira kalembedwe zikutanthauza mafotokozedwe a zili ndi tanthauzo kudzera kumvetsa bwino mfundo ndi mawu. Asonyezedwa malembedwe, galamala ndi mbali etymological.
2. Mwadongosolo kutanthauzira imagwiridwa ndi zofanana aliyense wa chilamulo chigawenga ndi ena, anakhazikitsa malo ake mu dongosolo chonse, delimitation zina, zili zokhudzana.
3. Mbiri kutanthauzira. cholinga chake ndi kupeza zifukwa ndiponso mavuto amene kungadzutse kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo limeneli komanso kuika zolinga zake ndi poyerekeza ndi analogues analipo.

Gawo ndi buku

The osiyanasiyana zochita anatengedwa monga muyezo, amene kugwera mu kuchuluka kwa lamulo atsopano. Pali mitundu itatu:

• Kutipanikiza kutanthauzira. Pamene zolimbana ndi malamulo kuchita Ufumuyo mtengo amachepetsa poyerekeza ndi mawu ake enieni.
• A kutanthauzira waukulu. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zosiyana: lingaliro (a malamulo a boma, malamulo a boma) amapeza tanthauzo timapangira kusiyana ndi zimene zinatchulidwa pa lembalo.
• A kutanthauzira weniweni. Iwo kumapereka lingaliro wofanana machesi tanthauzo la malemba ndi mchitidwe kwambiri ofala.