Lomonosov ntchito. Mayina a ntchito Lomonosov sayansi. ntchito Lomonosov a sayansi zimapangidwira, mu chuma, m'munda wa mabuku

Woyamba dziko otchuka Russian wasayansi, mphunzitsi, ndakatulo, yemwe anayambitsa "masitaelo atatu" chiphunzitso wotchuka, amene pambuyo pake wafunsira mapangidwe Chirasha zolembalemba, wazambiriyakale, chithunzicho - uyu anali Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. ntchito zake zili ngati moto woyaka mu mdima moti mdima. Ndipotu iye anali wokhoza kuunikira pa mipata mu dongosolo la maphunziro dziko, kupanga loyamba angakwanitse, nthumwi osati magulu chapamwamba, komanso anthu wamba. Lero, odziwika bwino ntchito za Lomonosov linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri ndi ntchito m'madera ambiri. Choncho, kodi ntchito Lomonosov kudziwika?

umagwirira

Mikhail anachita mdani tchalitchi cha njira zopanda nzeru kuphunzira zodabwitsa mankhwala. Iye anali owona za sayansi ya m'mbuyomu, sanalandire ndi n'zosamveka. Komanso, iye anali wotsutsa chiphunzitso "za madzi ndi imponderable" ndiponso makhalidwe amene anapatsidwa mwa malongosoledwe a zochitika zosiyanasiyana thupi ndi mankhwala a nthawi.

maphunziro mankhwala Mikhail unayamba mu zaka wophunzira. Iye anali munthu woyamba m'mabuku ake anapereka umagwirira sayansi, osati luso. Ambiri a kafukufuku anagwira n'cholinga ake anamanga ndi zasayansi.

Malinga Lomonosov, ndi sayansi woona zofunika udindo awiri: Akatswiri ndi madokotala. M'mawu ena, kupeza ntchito malingaliro awo kuchita chogwirizana. Malinga iwo wasonyeza nzeru corpuscular, anagawa mankhwala pa otchedwa "kuyamba", "gulu" ndi "wosanganiza".

Pambuyo kupeza mankhwala ofunika chaka 1744, Lomonosov anali mndandanda wautali wa maphunziro pa akuwaza salt ndi zitsulo. M'mbuyomu njira kuvunda iye m'magulu awiri, ndi kumasuka ndi mayamwidwe kutentha. Ndithudi, monga kale, ndi kuvunda kwa zitsulo mu ndondomeko asidi amakhala ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kutentha, ndi m'kati Kutha m'madzi M'malo mwake, ali odzipereka.

MASANKO okha kuvunda Lomonosov anafotokoza ndi malo makina chibadidwe m'nthawi imeneyo. M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti anaona anafotokoza kwambiri molondola kulamulira njira mankhwala ntchito maso ndi kuwonjezeka 360 khola.

Pogwira zatsopano pa pogawanikana pamawere mchere m'madzi chifukwa zosayembekezereka wa otchedwa chodabwitsa solvation mu njira amadzimadzi (hydration). Kuchokera pa zodabwitsazi, mu kukhudzana ndi madzi, mchere limaphwasuka kusandulika mu ayoni, ndipo izi nawonso anthu ambiri ali ndi mosamala zogundana macromolecules madzi.

Patapita nthawi, anawamasulira chiphunzitso "Pa luster zachitsulo," ndipo kenaka - "The kubadwa ndi chikhalidwe cha nitrate ammonium."

MV Lomonosov adafotokoza kuti umagwirira pali magulu awiri a makhalidwe wapadera mankhwala matupi. Gulu loyamba iye zimachitika m'thupi ndi mu zonse malingana ndi zotheka particles yokhotakhota, gulu lachiwiri - awo mtundu, Krustalo, kulawa, kununkhiza, ndi makhalidwe ena.

Komanso, chiphunzitso pamaziko a lomwe, mtundu uliwonse (kupatula wakuda) anali ankafufuza asayansi awa akhoza kugawidwa mu zitatu - wachikasu, wofiira ndi wabuluu.

Ngakhale ambiri a iwo imachitika zatsopano thupi ndi mankhwala, ambiri a iwo akhalabe yosatha. N'kotheka, chifukwa cha izi anali wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira wasayansi.

Lomonosov a ntchito sayansi umagwirira kwa mtima chimango koyenera malangizo kuzipenya. chopereka wake kumunda zimapangidwira thupi ndi mapangidwe sayansi ku Russia. Lomonosov a ntchito sayansi umagwirira achititsa kuti amalankhula mu chitukuko cha sayansi, kuti ngakhale patapita kanthawi, wasayansi mmodzi analipira kwambiri chidwi ya otsatira.

Koma chopindula chake chachikulu chinali kulimbikitsa mankhwala kulemba. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa chiphiphiritso otere ankaona "mawu za ubwino umagwirira", kuwerenga iwo pa Msonkhano kusukulu 1751.

sayansi

Iye zapamwamba 'tate' wa sayansi Russian. Njira maganizo methodological Lomonosov anali amadziwika. Mosiyana ndi anzake ambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kungoganizira kafukufuku ndipo anali woyamba kuulula pamaso pa chikhalidwe maselo ndi atomistic wa particles wa mankhwala.

Adakali wophunzira anakhala chidwi sayansi - kapena kani, chiphunzitso cha kapangidwe ka nkhani. Mu sayansi iliyonse, anakopeka makamaka mbali yofunika kwambiri imene ndi nzeru zaumunthu mu chirengedwe.

Lomonosov kanali koyamba adafotokoza kuli otchedwa ziro mtheradi. Kenako, kumayambiriro ngati chipangizo chingwe, ngati mamba, iye anali wokhoza kuti atsimikizire fallacy malingaliro kuwonjezeka chiwerengero cha zitsulo calcination awo. Izi zinali M. V. Lomonosov. ntchito ya sayansi m'njira zambiri kuyala maziko abwino pa chitukuko cha sayansi amakono.

Iye ndiye anali woyamba kukonza ndi kungoganizira pa ubale wa zochitika magetsi ndi kuwala pa otaya ofukula monga magwero mumlengalenga mavuto chiyambi magetsi a Aurora lapansi.

ntchito Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov pa gawo la sayansi anayamba chopereka yaikulu sayansi. Iye anathera nthawi yambiri kusanthula kufotokoza chikhalidwe cha zochitika za kuwala, komanso kuphunzitsa za mtundu mapangidwe. Woyamba yemwe ankafuna kudziwa ubale njira zimene zilipo mu chikhalidwe, anali M. V. Lomonosov. ntchito zake achititsa kuti kusintha kosangalatsa noticeable mu chitukuko pafupifupi onse m'madera a sayansi.

Iye anagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuphunzira zochitika magetsi. Ngakhale funso kuli magetsi malo amodzi nkomwe anamuukitsa. Chifaniziro likamanena za ubale wa magetsi kuti onse zosamvetsetseka lanthano madzimadzi osefukira chotengera inasangalatsa Sanali sanakonde ya zinthu zakuthupi Lomonosov. Scientific molingana ndi kufotokoza chodabwitsa cha magetsi mofanana mu kutanthauzira kwa chodabwitsa cha kuunika ndi kutentha. Lomonosov analemba mabuku angapo zoyenera kuphunzira magetsi mumlengalenga ndi malo amodzi.

Koma odziwika bwino ntchito imeneyi ya Lomonosov sanali zochepa. Osanenapo chake chiphunzitso maselo-kayendedwe kutentha, ozikidwa pa ziphunzitso za gulu la nkhani anapanga wa maatomu ndi mamolekyulu. Komanso iwo anafotokoza ntchito yake, "M'mbuyo pa chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuzizira."

mafunso monga mmene zochitika thupi anathana MV Lomonosov. Ntchito ofufuza za sayansi ya Physics anali chakuti kumayambiriro m'ma sayansi wakhala sayansi kutsogolera m'munda wa sayansi achilengedwe.

Woyamba Russian Katswiri

Chidwi zochitika lakumwamba anaonekera pa University ana aang'ono, pamene anaona otchuka chithunzi cha auroras. Anadziwika woyamba Russian Katswiri, woyambitsa wa Maulendo sayansi zakuthambo.

Mu zaka zoyambirira za ntchito yake akatswiri Walasa dziko ambiri kufufuza mu munda wa zakuthambo. Ndinangoyang'ana kayendedwe ka mapulaneti mu dongosolo la zowalitsa za Observatory zakuthambo, anaphunzira sunspots, comets ndi zinthu zina zakuthambo, - amenewa anali wotchuka wasayansi-Katswiri Lomonosov. ntchito ya sayansi mpaka lero ali otchuka kwambiri pakati pa kafukufuku zakuthambo.

Chimodzi mwa zomwe kwambiri wapadera Mikhail Vasilyevich mu zakuthambo anali kudziwa nyengo pa Venus. kupezeka chifukwa choti kuzipenya chomaliza asayansi osowa chodabwitsa - Kukwezeleza Venus. lipoti sayansi amatchedwa: "The chodabwitsa cha Venus pa Sun, anaona pa St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences Maya masiku 26 1761".

Chinachake kenako vouched ntchito yokonza ndemanga zimenezi ndi kunyamuka china kuyenda ulendo Siberia awiri zakuthambo. Akatswiri a sayansi ya ambiri a ku Ulaya anali okonzeka za izi chodabwitsa rarest. Mu zochitika izi, Academy of Sciences kwa nthawi yoyamba nawo chochitika zoopsa izi. Lomonosov ankachititsanso mndandanda wa kuzipenya wodzilamulira mu Observatory wake.

Atmospheric kudziwika Venus anali chofunika mapangidwe zina za sayansi astrophysical mu Russia.

Zitsulo, mineralogy ndi migodi

Ntchito yaikulu ya Lomonosov, olembedwa pa luso phiri, ndi kalozera wapadera kwa anthu ogwira ntchito makampani migodi.

Chivomezi ku Portugal, anati miyoyo ya anthu oposa makumi asanu ndi atatu zikwi chinamuchititsa kuphunzira zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za zivomezi. Mu zolemba zake, iye anafotokoza kuti ndondomeko zovuta kwambiri chitukuko cha padziko lapansi. kayendedwe mwadzidzidzi matanthwe a pansi padziko, mu maganizo ake, zikhoza chifukwa cha imfa yachibadwa - inagwedezeka, kuphulitsa mapiri, kugumuka - ndi ena amphamvu masoka achilengedwe. Mayina a ntchito Lomonosov sayansi pa nkhani miyala bwino kuti aliyense mgodi kapena metallurgist. Mwachitsanzo, odziwika bwino "Mawu a kubadwa zitsulo padziko lapansi chivomezi."

Mu zolemba zake, iye systematized ndipo anafotokoza malingaliro alipo za m'zigawo ndi yadothi zitsulo. Kwa iwo pa nthawi linasindikizidwa buku "chikhazikitso cha zitsulo, kapena migodi." Chiphunzitso chimenechi salakwa kutumikira monga kupeza waukulu kuphunzira makampani migodi. Iye angwiro mfundo kale migodi, osauka makina atsopano.

Lomonosov ndinalota kukwaniritsa zikuluzikulu ntchito kafukufuku wokhudza oimira sayansi ndi ena a dziko lathu. Kuchokera pa ichi, asayansi anayamba kulikonse kutumiza zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za ores ndi mchere. Mwachidule, kusankha zitsanzo zofunika kafukufuku wokhudza pafupifupi zana ndi makumi awiri mafakitale Russian.

Mwatsoka, Lomonosov analephera kumasulira mapulani athu mu ntchito. Kuti ntchito yake bwinobwino pokhapokha zaka academician V. M. Severginym ndi mchere lokhali anam'patsa dzina lakuti lomonosovite polemekeza anatulukira ake.

Optics

Lomonosov udaikidwa ndipo anamanga zoyambitsidwa oposa khumi m'munda wa Optics. Iye kwathunthu anadzipereka kuti sayansi. Lomonosov sanaime mpaka mapeto a masiku awo chinkhoswe mu mankhwala zipangizo kuwala kuzipenya usiku.

Woyamba amene analenga ndipo anamanga batoskop kuwala anali M. V. Lomonosov. ntchito zake zonse chidwi chachikulu pakati pa anthu. Komanso sanasangalale nazo, ndi zachinyengo limagwirira awo "gorizontoskopa" - chipangizo chachikulu kuona zinthu ili kutali kwambiri padziko yopingasa.

Technology kubala galasi wachikuda monga tafotokozera M. V. Lomonosov. Kuthi izi kenako ntchito makampani pophika galasi wachikuda, komanso kupanga mbali zake zina. Galasi kupanga wakhala umodzi wa kukondera waukulu University. Kumvetsa Sacramenti ya chuma, Lomonosov nkomwe kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo chifukwa cha dyera. Mikhail ankafuna posachedwapa kugawana za ntchito zawo ndi anthu, kuti abwere nawo ku boma.

A luso inventor ndi chida opanga, woyambitsa wa Optics Russian ongolankhula anali Lomonosov. ntchito zake ndawapatsa kuwuka kwa mapangidwe zina za sayansi kuwala mu Russia.

Zilankhulo, philology

Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, Chirasha lili ndi mawu ena ndi Mpingo Chisilavo, kulankhula chitachitika. Lomonosov nthawi zonse nkhawa chiyero ndi ungwiro. A zambiri nthawi zoyenera za malamulo ake zolembalemba. Kuthi munthu University mu mabuku wafunsira kwa wowopsa "apamwamba", buku limene ndi yofunika chikhalidwe mwambo tsiku. Mu ntchito iyi, wasayansi-zilankhulo otchulidwa akusunga omvera funso lecturer ayenera kulabadira kwa zaka ophunzira, amuna kapena akazi, maphunziro ndi mlingo wa maphunziro. Chimodzimodzi ntchito wodziŵa iyenera kukhala yomveka bwino, nkhani, kukangana ndi maganizo. "Apamwamba" mu zinenero yosavuta anafuna kuti kugulu.

Wina ntchito m'patali Lomonosov amatchedwa "Russian Galamala", ali woyamba wa chida chake mtundu phunziro la galamala Russian. Woyamba amene anayesa amasonyeza malamulo articulation chinenero Russian, anali Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. ntchito zake zinali umalimbana kuwonjezera kufunika kwa lilime mayi, pa ndende ya cholowa wauzimu.

Adakali wophunzira, analemba nkhani, "Letter malamulo a versification Russian" omwe anafotokoza ndizosowa versification Russian, ankaona mitundu odziŵika a ndakatulo ndi makulidwe.

ntchito Kenako okhwima, yakuti "Mawu Oyamba za ubwino mabuku mpingo chinenero cha Chirasha" imatengedwa asayansi University of "masitaelo atatu," amatanthauza "mkulu, lochepa otsika bata." Aliyense afika ku mtundu wanyimbo yeniyeni zolembalemba:

• ndakatulo za ungwazi, odes malankhulidwe wapadera limafanana ndi mkulu "bata";
• zolembedwa ed, wochezeka makalata - pafupifupi;
• otsika "bata" amadziwika mwamsanga kukambirana banja, songs, m'Chiarabu.

Lomonosov amati tate wa Russian sayansi ndi luso terminology Nawonso achichepere. Asayansi akhala anayambitsa formulations ambiri watsopano, amene analengedwa kalembedwe ka nkhani za sayansi izyasneniya. ntchito Lomonosov a m'munda wa mabuku ndi yosiyanasiyana: ndi ndakatulo, ndi odes, orations, matsoka ndi zambiri. Ndakatulo cholowa ali wotanganidwa makamaka odes olembedwa mu ulemu wa chochitika kapena munthu.

Geography ndi Meteorology

Mu Lomonosov Ine chidwi mu madera kumayambiriro kwa katswiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, anali ndi chidwi kumpoto Nyanja Route ndi mwayi kuliphunzira. Chitsogozo wakuti "Kufotokoza mwa chidule za maulendo osiyanasiyana kwa nyanja kumpoto ndi kuwerenga ndime zotheka kwa Siberia Ocean kuti East India," iye akulongosola za ndime ndi amakonzekera dongosolo yake.

Lomonosov ngakhale anapanga lonjezo kupereka ziwalo za ulendo zofunika zipangizo, zipangizo, koma kuona zotsatira za ulendo, iye sikunali kukhala. Kampeni chinachitika mu 1765, pamene Mikhail Vasilyevich sanalinso moyo.

Kuyenda mu ayezi kumalo ozizira, malinga Lomonosov, nthawi zonse kusokonezedwa "mapiri achisanu mu nyanja kumpoto" imene kalekale nkhawa wasayansi lapansi. Iwo anali khalidwe la zisoti kumalo ozizira ayezi, anafotokoza zomwe zingayambitse. tiganizira awa, ndipo lero akuimira kwambiri. Anauziridwa ndi kuthekera kumvetsa kumpoto Nyanja Route, malo, iye anayamba ndi sanjira wa Ocean Arctic.

Ambiri mwa mfundo ake anatsimikizira zaka mazana awiri okha. Lomonosov Ridge, kuyembekeza malo, zomwe anadzapeza n'kuona. Kenako, lokwera izi chikutchedwa anatulukira ake.

Iye wapanga amathandiza kwambiri pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko "Atmospheric Physics" Lomonosov. Zokambirana za "chodabwitsa cha mpweya mphamvu ya magetsi zikuchitika" nkhani za zochitika nyengo zotheka. Ndi ulemu wapadera Mikhail a Pogoda Zoneneratu, iye anaumirira kufunika kuyikapo paziyangoyango za okwerera nyengo.

nkhani

Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, anayamba kuwonjezera chidwi Russian m'mbiri dziko. Yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa chiphunzitso mbiri ankaimba ndi MV Lomonosov.

Iye anali ndi chidwi pofuna wa Old boma Russian. Panthawi yake kuphunzira magwero ndi periodicals yofanana ndi Lomonosov mbiri yakale amakayikira kopanda kuti maziko a dziko lathu anaika Normandy.

Lomonosov ankakhulupirira kuti alendo anali Asilavo, ndi lalikulu boma anayamba nawo. Mikhail analandira mphatso mudziko la chakuti anthu olankhula Chirasha asanabwere zopangira Rurik anachita nthawi yaitali chitukuko ndi mapangidwe chikhalidwe pachiyambi.

Mu 1751 Lomonosov anapita kukagwira ntchito pa phunziro zikuluzikulu za "m'mbiri yakale Russian." Gawo limodzi linatulutsidwa kwa anthu atamwalira wake ndipo posakhalitsa linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri.

Mu 1760, zochokera timva ndi zikalata zina za mbiri yakale, Mikhail anapereka "Short Russian Chronicle ndi Lobadwiramo", munali kufufuza phokoso zikuluzikulu popeza ulamuliro wa Rurik, ndi asanamwalire Petra Velikogo.

Mikhail anakonda dziko lakwawo, iye piously anakhulupirira mphamvu ndi umodzi wa anthu yaikulu.

ntchito Lomonosov mu chuma

Lomonosov anali mmodzi wa anthu amene anaona Russia monga dziko ndi kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe ndi mlingo wapamwamba maphunziro. okhumudwa, mu maganizo a wokonzanso ayenera kukhala kusintha nthawi zonse, ayenera nthawi zonse pakupita patsogolo, kusuntha kwa chitukuko cha mphamvu ndi mphamvu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira.

The chidwi waukulu anasonyeza ulemu wa zitsulo ndi makampani migodi. Mwazina, Lomonosov anasonyeza kwambiri chidwi pa chitukuko cha ulimi ndi nkhoswe a kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Zofunika bwino kukhala a boma Russian, malinga Lomonosov, zikudalira pa ntchito a iwo ntchito zake zachuma.

ntchito yapadera ya Mikhail Lomonosov mu chuma ndi bwino anasunga, amene kwambiri complicates kuphunzira kaonedwe ake zachuma.

Kuchokera pa maphunziro wogwila, tinganene kuti waukulu Lomonosov tcheru anauzidwa kuti kuphunzira chuma Russian. Kuti athandize anthu njira zonse za chuma cha boma, mwa fanizo mfundo zoyenera kutsata kugonana yapangidwa.

Iye, Lomonosov, tiyenera kuyamikira maonekedwe a amalanga monga "madera chuma". Pa ntchito akatswiri a Lomonosov miyambo ya Russian School of Economics, kwambiri Polemeretsedwa ndipo analimbitsa ake, ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa ntchito zikuluzikulu za Lomonosov analibe zochita zofunika pa anthu a m'nthawi yake. Komabe, maganizo a zachuma, kuyika mu ntchito ya wasayansi wamkulu, ndi lero imvera kutanthauzira zina.

Ndipo potsiriza,

"Aakulu," mutu wa University amadziwika wake aliyense wotsatira m'munda makamaka sayansi. M'mabuku zinasonyeza mphamvu, mgwirizano ndi nzeru za anthu Russian. Lomonosov ankadziwika ngati Albucasis amene achita zinthu zothandiza kwambiri zosiyanasiyana za chidziwitso - kuchokera sayansi kuti zakuthambo. ntchito zake pa moyo wake amasuliridwe m'zinenero zambiri. Mikhail anayesetsa kutumikira bwino anthu. Ambiri a ntchito zaluso lake ndi maphunziro operekedwa ndi maziko olimba a chitukuko cha sayansi masiku ano wonse.