Mabulosi m'madera a Moscow: mitundu ndi zofotokozera zawo

Mabulosi, apa, mtengo wamabulosi - pansi pa mayina otchuka mabulosi amadziwika. M'midziyi, yatchuka chifukwa cha kukana kwa nyengo, zipatso zokoma komanso zopindulitsa kwambiri. Chimafuna nyengo yofunda, yozizira, choncho imakula mwachilengedwe ku East Asia, kumwera kwa Europe, North America, ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South America.

Kufotokozera za chomera

Mabulosi ndi mtengo wovuta, womwe kutalika kwake kungakhale kuchokera mamita 3 mpaka 15. Poyamba, imakula mofulumira, koma pang'onopang'ono kukula kumachepa. Masamba ndi aakulu, otalika, okhala ndi mapiri, ovuta mpaka kukhudza. Ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamdima m'chilimwe ndipo amatembenukira chikasu ndi autumn. Pa mtengo umodzi, mungapeze masamba osiyanasiyana mu kasinthidwe ndi kukula. Chomeracho chimamera ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amamveka m'makutu ozungulira. Sopo wokongoletsa amafanana ndi zipatso za mabulosi akuda ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zodetsedwa, kutalika kwake ndi 2-3 masentimita, zimakhala ndi drupes ndipo zimakhala zonunkhira. Nthaŵi ya moyo wa chomeracho ndi pafupifupi zaka 200, koma palinso zithumba, zomwe zaka zawo zatsimikiziridwa pa 300 ngakhale zaka 500.

Mitundu ya mabulosi

Pali mitundu yokwana 20 ya chikhalidwe ichi, koma mwachizoloŵezi ndizozoloŵera kuzigawa kukhala zoyera, zofiira ndi zakuda, malingana ndi mtundu wa makungwa.

Mabulosi amtunduwu amapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Russia minda. Mtengo uwu ndi wokwera mamita 16-18 ndi masamba akulu omwe apangidwa kuti azidyetsa silkworm. Maluwa oyera, a pinki kapena a phokose mpaka masentimita 3.5. Mbewuyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka 30 ° C, choncho mabulosi oyera mumadera amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri yobzala.

Mabulosi amtundu kuthengo amapezeka makamaka kumpoto kwa North America. Zing'onozing'ono, mpaka masentimita 3, kuphatikizana kokometsetsa kwambiri kungakhale wofiira, wofiirira kapena wakuda. Mtengo wolimba umene ungakhoze kulimbana ndi nyengo zakuya ukhoza kufika kutalika kufika mamita 20.

Mabulosi akuda amakula ku South-West Asia, kutalika kwa mtengo sikudutsa mamita 15. Kuphatikizana kwakukulu (mpaka 5 cm) ya zofiirira kapena mtundu wakuda ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma. Chomeracho sichinasinthidwe kuti chikhale chozizira, chimalekerera chisanu.

Mitundu ya mabulosi

Pakuti madera a Moscow akuonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri angapo mitundu. Awa ndiwo omwe amalekerera ndi nthawi yayitali ndi yozizira, samaopa frosts ndipo amakhala odzichepetsa panthaka. Zonsezi ndi za mabulosi oyera.

1. Chiyukireniya-6. Mtengo uli ndi korona wozungulira. Masambawo ndi amodzi, aakulu kwambiri, chifukwa akukonzekera kudyetsa silika. Kugwirizana kwa mtundu wakuda wakuda kumatha kufika masentimita 4 m'litali. Zokolola za zipatso sizitali, koma zasungidwa bwino.
2. Uchi woyera. Mtengo wa monoecious uli ndi korona wa pyramidal ndi wotsutsana kwambiri ndi chisanu. Mungathe kupirira kutentha kwa -30 ° C. Kuposa 3 masentimita mu kukula kumakhala ndi mtundu woyera komanso kukoma kwa uchi. Kununkhirako kulibe. Kuphuka kwa zipatso kumapezeka mu June-July.
3. Black Baroness. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa, zimatha kupirira kwambiri chisanu. Korona wa mtengo uwu ndi wochuluka wandiweyani, globular mu mawonekedwe. Zipatso zomwe zili ndi mdima wakuda, ndizokoma kwambiri, komanso zimakhala zonunkhira.

Zosiyanasiyana Smuglyanka

Mwinamwake mabulosi amodzi kwambiri mu dera la Moscow. Mitundu yonse, ndiyo yabwino kwambiri nyengo ya dera lino. Masamba akuluakulu osakanikirana, omwe ali ndi mitsempha yambiri, yovuta kumbali imodzi ndi yowonjezera. Mitengo mpaka 3 cm mu kukula ndi yakuda, kunyezimira, ndi kukoma kowawasa, yowutsa mudyo komanso yofewa. Chomeracho chimagwirizana bwino ndi nyengo ya chigawo cha pakatikati cha Russia, chimakhala chosasunthika ku dothi, chimatha kulimbana ndi chisanu choopsa, ndipo ngati mwanayo akuwombera, amafulumira kubwezera. Silkworm Sugarcoat m'midziyi ndi yotchuka komanso chifukwa cha zipatso zake - mpaka magalamu 500 kuchokera ku mita imodzi ya nthambi ya fruiting. Zipatsozo zimayamba kuphuka mu June ndipo zimatha kukhalabe zatsopano mpaka maola 18. Iwo sagwirizana kwambiri ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka katundu, iwo amakhalabe mwatcheru.

Kubalanso

Kulima mabulosi m'maboma kungathe kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana - mbewu, zikumera, kusonkhanitsa, cuttings. Pofuna kubzala, mbewu zochokera ku mbewu zatsopano zimayenera. Kutsekedwa kwa zamkati, amafesedwa mu nthaka yachonde mu February. Kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kusungidwa pa 20 ° C. Ndipo itatha masiku otentha, zomera zazing'ono zimaikidwa pamabedi. Pa malo osatha, mabulosi amachotsedwa kokha chaka chotsatira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pofalitsa mbewu, zina mwazinthu zosiyanasiyana sizingatengedwe kwathunthu.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Posankha malo odzala, zokondwerero ziyenera kuperekedwa pamalo okongola omwe ali ndi dothi lotayirira kapena dothi la mchenga, kupatula kuti zaka 300, mabulosi akhoza kukhala ndi moyo. Muzitsamba za Moscow zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo.

Pambuyo pake, dzenje la 80 x 80 x 60 cm limakonzedwa. Pambuyo mutathira nthaka pang'ono kuchokera pamwamba pazonde, ndi bwino kuwonjezera zidebe ziwiri za humus ndi 150 g fetereza. Sakanizani zitsulo zonse, ikani chomera pakati pa dzenje, pang'anani mosamala mizu, ndi kuwaza nthaka kusakaniza, mopepuka. Kenaka muzimitsirani madzi ndi kuzungulira nthaka kuzungulira mmera. M'nthaŵi ya kukula kwakukulu kwa mabulosi, m'pofunika kupanga feteleza zina mwa mawonekedwe a sitimadzi (1: 5) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:10). Kuyambira mwezi wa July kuthirira kumangotheka pokhapokha ngati kuli chilala.

Zima

Ngakhale kuti mabulosi samatha kusintha bwino nyengo ndipo amatha kupirira chisanu mpaka 30 ° C, nthawi zambiri zomera zimakhala ndi vuto la kutentha, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola. Pakuyamba kwa kasupe, nthambi zowumidwa ndi chisanu zimadulidwa ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe mbewu imabwezeretsedwa.

Mpaka mamita 20 ndi zina, pansi pa zabwino, mabulosi akhoza kukula. M'madera, kumene nyengo imakhala yolimba kwambiri, nkofunika kuchepetsa chomeracho, kuupanga mawonekedwe a chitsamba, kuti chikhale chosungidwa m'nyengo yozizira makamaka ndi chisanu. Korona imamangidwa ndi chiguduli kapena mapepala amapepala, atakulungidwa ndi twine, mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 2.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Mabulosi

Kuwonjezera pa mafakitale otchedwa sericulture, chomerachi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana. Wood imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pepala, zingwe ndi pepala. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mowa mwatsopano ndi zouma mawonekedwe, komanso pokonzekera mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kupanikizana, vinyo wosasa. Pafupifupi zigawo zonse za zomerazi zimachiritsa katundu.

Zipatso za mabulosi amakhala ndi anti-yotupa, antiseptic, diuretic effect. Mankhwala ochokera m'masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa shuga, avitaminosis. Kutha kwa makungwa kumathandiza ndi matenda a mtima. Ndi pachilonda chilonda, matenda oopsa, matenda a mmero, mabulosi ndi othandiza. M'maderawa mtengowu ndi wosavuta kukula ngati mutatsatira zotsatila zonse za kubzala ndi kusamalira.