Prado Museum ku Madrid. Prado (owonetsera zakale), Spain. Prado Museum ku Madrid - chithunzi

Pali malo pa mapu dziko limene anthu ambiri zosemasema m'dera unit wosiyana kwambiri ndi pafupifupi. Zikuphatikizapo Louvre ku Paris, St. Petersburg Hermitage. zakale ochepa padziko lapansi, mofanana ndi iwo. Koma iwo ali kumeneko.

Prado - Spanish zakuya

Mu Madrid, nayenso, pali gallery, amene amagwira ntchito pa msonkhano wa European, makamaka ojambula zithunzi Spanish n'zosayerekezeka ndi chopereka chilichonse, mumzinda uliwonse. The Prado Museum Palibenso kuchuluka kwa ntchito za Velazquez, Goya, Bosch ndi ojambula zithunzi zina zambiri. Iwo akhoza bwinobwino kutchedwa Spanish likulu yaikulu kukopeka, osati kuno - zikutanthauza kuti sakudziwa dziko lino ndipo sindikumvetsa moyo wake.

Museo del Prado (Madrid, Spain) - pamwamba pa "Golden Triangle"

Chuma cha luso lolunjika pa Pyrenees mu tambirimbiri zitatu. Wotchuka luso zakale ku Spain (Reina Sofia, Thyssen Bornemisza, ndi Prado) zimapanga ngati "Golden Triangle", kukopa anthu okonda zojambulajambula padziko lonse. Ngakhale alendo amene alibe chidwi ndi chithunzi ndi chosema, pitani zokopa awa, ndipo anawona kumathandiza kuti akhazikike cholimba kuti nthawi zambiri kusintha maganizo awo ndi luso ndi dziko loyandikira. Ndipo palibe zodabwitsa mu. Ambiri anasonkhana pano zojambula zimadziwika padziko lonse ndipo ndi matsenga ena. nkhani zawo adani, Olemba tsoka la zowawa ndi zachinsinsi, ngati nkhani ya ntchito zimenezi, amene katundu maginito kwa sazidziwa bwinobwino. Connoisseurs mukufuna kuona ndi maso awo kuwaona pa zokoperazo chinsalu ndi kusangalala kupezeka. Ndipotu palibe yosindikiza, ngakhale bwino quality, musataye chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha luso la chithunzicho.

Chifukwa cha mndandanda wa zojambula

Collection Mafumu kopilas zaka oposa mazana atatu. Zithunzi aluso Spanish ndi ochokera m'mayiko ena kuthi aang'ono ndi mipingo, anthu awo anali makamaka achipembedzo, koma patsogolo ubale chikhalidwe ndi nkhani za chuma Spain chinathandiza zosiyanasiyana mtundu wanyimbo. Titian anali ndiwotani zojambulajambula a Charles, ndi msonkhano wa zojambula wake anayambitsa maziko a kufotokoza ano. Mu 1548 wojambula analandira "yakale" Kuti chithunzi cha Mfumu polemekeza chigonjetso mu nkhondo ya Mühlberg. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapeza zojambula za amisiri wotchuka European.

Mpaka XVII m'ma kuganizira za zojambula anali chilipo apamwamba. Art ankaona gawo la ochepa, zakale ndi tambirimbiri luso Spain sanali, ndipo woyamba kupezeka poyera chionetsero pa chifuniro lachifumu kuti lachilengedwe sayansi malangizo. Pakuti kale osankhidwa malo - Park Prado ku Madrid. Yomanga inayamba mu 1785, koma analephera kumaliza nthawi yomweyo. Charles III anafa ndipo m'malo mwake, Korol Karl IV sankaona m'nyumbayi monga nkhani zofunika mowolowa manja ndalama zogulira izo. Kumayambiriro a XIX atumwi ku Spain anaukira Bonaparte, ndipo izo sizinali mpaka chikhalidwe. Anamangapo Nyumba anadwala kuwukira ndi chigamulo yomweyi inakambidwanso za udindo wake watsopano. Ku nsanja zokhalamo za Madrid, Aranjuez pano ayenera kutsogolera lachifumu luso chuma.

Kubadwa kwa zomera ndi

The Napoleonic Nkhondo itatha, ndipo patapita zaka zinayi, mu 1819, Museum Prado ku Madrid watsegula. Philip II, mosiyana Carlos V, ankakhala Spain ndipo anasamukira mndandanda wa bambo ake ku Brussels kuti likulu. Ndiye zojambula anali ochepa, pang'ono oposa mazana atatu, koma iwo anapanga maziko a zomera ndi.

Philip II anachita zambiri kwa Prado Museum ku Madrid ndi limodzi mwa Ulaya zopereka abwino a ntchito zaluso. Pamene Charles V, iye anali connoisseur wa sukulu Italy, mu ulamuliro wake zosonkhanitsira anali kudzadza ntchito ndi Tintoretto, Bassano, Veronese ndi ojambula zithunzi zina zambiri. Philip analipira msonkho ndi Hieronymus Bosch, kupeza zojambula wake, kuphatikizapo abwino awo, "Munda wa amasangalala". Pamenepo mpanda wa m'nyumbayi chokongoletsedwa katswiri Albrehta Dyurera ndi Montigny.

Dutch nthumwi Rubens bwinobwino ophatikizana utumiki wothandiza ndi chilengedwe zojambula wosafa. Kufika mu 1628 ku Spain, iye anagulitsa pachithunzipa Mfumu, zinalembedwa apa, ndi zina zojambula wake graced ndi Prado Museum ku Madrid Patatha imfa yake.

Extension kukhudzana

M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndi udindo wa msonkhano mfumu inayamba kuchepa kwa Prado. Ndinakumana kukodzedwa mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX izo linatukuka ndi zojambula za Escorial obisika ndi misonkhano ina. Kuyambira 1868 Prado - Museum la Spain, a m'banja lachifumu si, ndi m'dziko lonselo, ndi za onse.

Inasanduka chochitika chosaiwalika mu 1927. Wopatsa ndi mmodzi wa okhometsa kwambiri Don Cabanes anapereka mowolowa manja. Penti "Yohane Mlaliki", chimene chimafotokoza wophunzira wokondedwa wa Khristu, kuwonjezera chopereka wachuma wa zojambula zoyenera mutu Chipangano Chatsopano, umene uli wotchuka Prado Museum ku Madrid. Zithunzi wa mmisiri kukongoletsa malo ndinapatsidwa kwa iwo, pamodzi ndi ntchito za ambuye ena Spanish. Chachikulu kusankha olemba akale ndi Dutch.

kamangidwe njira zakale ndi zatsopano

Chifukwa kasinthidwe zonse ndi kukula kwa kufotokoza kumayambiriro kwa zaka otsiriza ndipo masiku ano wakhala mwamsanga funso cha kuchuluka m'deralo. Raphael ntchito Monet maziko a kuvomereza ndondomeko ya kukhazikitsanso, ndi chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa nyumba atsopano mu 2007, amafuna zamakono zonse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mogwirizana ndi gawo akale. Prado Museum ku Madrid lero ndi umodzi mapulani gulu loyimba kuphatikizapo ansembe yotchedwa San Jeronimo, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, nyumba ya zomangamanga ano ndi zomera chachikulu. Opaleshoni mtengo si wotchipa, kafukufuku awo anali kuchuluka choposa mayuro zana ndi makumi asanu miliyoni, koma zotsatira zake ndi ofunika ndalama.

Kuphatikiza zaka Spanish zomangamanga ndi zomwe atsopano a zomangamanga ano amapangira maonekedwe mokondwera, kusonyeza kupitiriza kwa nyengo ndi zaka luso lalikulu.

Khomo m'nyumbayi ndi Plan ake

Palibe alendo odzacheza Madrid, sikuti kudali likulu la mzinda, Museum Prado ili. Atha kutumikira ngati malo Buku la Cibeles, Atocha pasiteshoni ya sitima, mu malo omwewo pali wokongola botanical m'munda.

Pakuti mayiko choona ndi kukonza utsogoleli chionetsero cholinga njira. Alendo Lowani pachipata "Puertade Los Jeronimos", kenako holo yaikulu ya nyumbayi. Pa pansi pali magulu Flemish ndi Spanish kupenta. Iwo amakhala lonse woyamba pansi, pamodzi ndi mndandanda wa ntchito za Italy ndi amisiri French wa zaka XVI-XVII ili phiko kumpoto. Fufuzani kwa m'nyumbayi n'zotheka ndi kupyola pa chipata wina, dzina lake pambuyo wanzeru Spanish amisiri Murillo ndi Goya.

Phaka lachiwiri kwathunthu wodzipereka kwa Rembrandt ndi Rubens. Kuyambira pamenepo, staircase akutsika kachiwiri, akuyamba anasonyeza luso ku "Golden Age" kuperekedwa ndi Velázquez, Murillo, ndi El Agiriki. zojambula kwambiri Goya pa apansi onse, ili wachiwiri wake "zojambula wakuda". M'chigawo chapakati cha nyumbayi akupereka nthawi zonse European luso kwa katswiri wa za m'ma XIX.

Pitani ku Prado ndi kuona "zisomo atatu"

View ntchito zonse Prado paulendo umodzi kuli kovuta, ena mwa iwo anasiya kwa nthawi yaitali Atchule. okonda izi luso kuno si "mwachiphamaso", kubwereza pitani mobwerezabwereza, ankaona kuti amathera mu zikutipatsa nthawi zonse kwaulere. Monga chuma china chachikulu cha chikhalidwe dziko, palinso ntchito, amene anakhala ngati "maitanidwe khadi" zimene katswiri nthawi zonse kusiyanitsa ndi Prado Museum ku Madrid. Photos ndi zokoperazo a "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" Hieronymus Bosch, "kupambana Imfa" Bryuhelya, "Davide ndi Goliati" ndi Caravaggio anakhala zizindikiro za zomera izi. Palinso katswiri wina kuona mafani amene amabwera luso mkulu padziko lonse. "Zinafika ku Cross" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Vander Weyden, Rubens 'zisomo atatu, ndi kumene ndi "zojambula Black" Goya sangachoke aliyense osayanjanitsika.

Kodi maulendo kwa Prado zodula

Masiku ano, ntchito zokopa alendo padziko lonse wakhala alipo osati moneybags, komanso anthu osauka zolimbitsa. Mosiyana ndi chuma, ali pa ulendo umenewu kuganiza za chuma, ndi, monga ife tikudziwira, chikondi cha luso si nthawi zonse mwachindunji njila kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Kwa ulemerero wa Prado wotsogolera kowonera zakale tisaiwale kufunika demokalase matikiti kuti izi zodabwitsa luso zomera. Pitani n'zotheka kuti mayuro 14, mtengo kwambiri (23 mayuro), kusangalala ndalama iwo ofuna kupeza mwayi wa ntchito ya kalozera, koma pali ochepa odalirika njira kuchepetsa ndalama kulankhulana ndi wokongola. The maola awiri otsiriza Lamlungu ndi ulele. anthu okalamba ndi ophunzira Europe united, aphunzitsi ndi atolankhani kwambiri lotayirira. Ophunzira ochokera m'mayiko ena kulipira ndalama wophiphiritsa wa mayuro atatu, ndi zosakwana mtengo wa khofi ku Madrid. Komanso, pali zochitika zina, amene angapezeke mu bokosi ofesi Zinthu. antchito ndi ansangala komanso wokonzeka kuthandiza kusankha nthawi zambiri ndalama kukaona Prado. Makamaka chidwi n'chakuti ana saloledwa pano kwaulere, ndi monga ndikukhulupirira aliyense amene sizinawakhudze zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.

Prado zomangamanga

Kuwonjezera maholo chionetsero, pali zofunikira zonse zofunikira. Osema zamakono zili ndi mwai wolalikira ntchito zawo mu zomera, ndi anaikira zisudzo nyengo. Ndipo adalenga munthu wa zokambirana bwino kubwezeretsedwa mu Europe, pamene pali zinthu kwa makamaka samalani ntchito kubwezeretsa onse zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho awo, ndi kuthandiza ena zopereka dziko owonetsera zakale.

Sitinalengedwe aiwala ndi alendo. Popeza kuti pa ulendo ku Prado ndipo ankadziwa chuma chake tsiku lina sangakhale zokwanira, ndi alendo maola ambiri nthawi zina kwa masiku angapo, analenga zinthu zosangalatsa. Mukhoza kudya pa odyera ndi cafe. Palinso masitolo amene alendo kugula alendo. Galimoto pafupi ndi malo chionetsero, ndi malo a alendo yopuma, wotopa, koma osangalala.