Malo Odyera ku Arctic

Pali gawo lapadera kwambiri pa Dziko lapansi: m'mphepete mwakummwera kwa Asia ndi kumpoto kwa dziko la America, komanso gawo la Arctic lomwe limadutsa ndi polar belt.

Kodi ndi chigawo chotani cha zipululu zam'mlengalenga? Choyamba, izi ndi nyengo yapadera, pomwe palibe kusiyana pakati pa nyengo. Apa pali nyengo yozizira yokha, yomwe imadziwika ndi usiku wa polar womwe uli ndi mphamvu ya kutentha kuyambira khumi mpaka madigiri makumi asanu ndi chizindikiro chosasintha, ndi nyengo yochepa kwambiri ya chilimwe yomwe ili ndi tsiku la polar ndi kutentha kosapitirira zero pa thermometer.

Malo oyandikana ndi zipululu zamapiri ali ndi malo enaake: chisanu ndi chipale chofewa chimaphimba madera ambiri a zisumbu. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Franz Josef ili ndi madzi oundana makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, chilumba cha kumpoto cha Novaya Zemlya ndi makumi anayi, ndipo zilumba za Ushakov zili pafupi kwambiri. Dziko la kumpoto (zilumba) ndilo makumi anayi ndi zisanu peresenti lophimbidwa ndi zishango makumi awiri ndi ziwiri zachitsulo.

Dera la mapiri a Arctic a ku Russia limaphatikizapo madera ochokera kumpoto kwambiri (Franz Josef Land) kupita kuzilumba zakutali kwambiri (Wrangel Island) za Novaya Zemlya, zilumba za Novosibirsk, Dziko la kumpoto, kunja kwa Taimyr Peninsula, ndi nyanja za Arctic zili mkati mwa malowa.

Malo oyandikana ndi zipululu zam'mphepete mwa nyanja amadzazidwa ndi chipale chofewa ndi chisanu pafupifupi chaka chonse. Mvula yam'mlengalenga pano ndi yosawerengeka. Mtengo wawo pachaka ndiwo mamita 200-300, ndipo amaimiridwa makamaka ndi chisanu ndi chisanu. Mphepete mwa nyanja zam'mlengalenga zikuwonjezereka ndi mphepo yamphamvu, nthawi zambiri mvula yambiri ndi mitambo yayikulu.

Zotsitsimula za zilumbazo zimakhala zofanana. Ndi malo otsetsereka pa ziwembu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mapiri apamwamba pa chiwembu chamkati. Malo osungirako okongola kwambiri amadziwika okha ndizilumba za Novosibirsk. Pazilumba za Arctic gawo la kale lomwe Soviet Union, pafupifupi mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi imodzi za mamitala a m'deralo ndi malo a icing. Chishango cha ayezi cha New Earth ndi mazana atatu, North Land ndi mazana awiri, ndipo Franz Josef Land ndi mamita 100. Chigawo chachikulu cha kumpoto kwa Taimyr Peninsula chimaposa mamita mazana asanu.

Kodi mungadabwe bwanji ndi malo odyetserako mapiri? Chowonadi chokhala nacho chimodzi m'madera ozungulira chimadabwitsa. Malo okwera a chipululu amatchulidwa mwapadera, monga dziko lapansi liri losauka ndi losasangalatsa apa. Chivundikiro cha zomera chimang'ambika, ndipo chivundikiro chonse sichiposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu. Ndipo mkati mwa zilumbazi (mapiri a mapiri, otsetsereka) amaphimbidwa osaposa atatu peresenti. Zomera za m'dera lino zikuyimiridwa ndi mosses, lichens (makamaka kukulitsa), algae. Mitengo ya Arctic imayimilidwa ndi mapiri a alpine, pike ya Arctic, buttercup, chisanu cha snow, polar poppy. Mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi zomera zokwana 300 ndi makumi asanu ndi zitatu, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri kumpoto kuchokera kumwera.

Ngati kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Taimyr kumadziwika ndi madera osokoneza bongo am'madzi, ndiye kuti kum'mwera - kuzilumba za Novosibirsk - malo omwe amachokera kumadera otentha a shrub-moss amaoneka ngati nyongolotsi ya polar ndi saxifrage. Koma chigawo chachisanu cha kumwera, chomwe chimayimiridwa ndi zinyumba zam'madzi zowonongeka, ndi kale shrub tier yomwe ili ndi polar ndi Arctic mitsinje ndi zowuma.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chivundikiro cha zamasamba, zinyama za m'mphepete mwa chipululu cha Arctic ndizosauka kwambiri: mandimu ndi nkhono za polar, zimbalangondo za polar ndi apa ndi apo, timatabwa ndi zisindikizo. Ku Greenland, mungapeze ng'ombe ya musk. Mphepete mwa nyanja mumphepete mwa chilimwe ndi malo a chisa cha akoloni. Gagara ndi nyanjayi, guillemot ndi burashi, tsekwe, ndipo, ndithudi, nkhuku yamkuntho ikuyimira ufumu wa mbalame zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'madera otentha a ayezi.