Taimyr Peninsula. mbali nyengo ya Taimyr Peninsula

M'chigawo chapakati cha Africa Eurasian, pakati pakamwa mitsinje Khatanga ndi Yenisei, mpaka ayezi ya Arctic Ocean aakulu chidwi chotchedwa sushi ziyerekezo chimafikira Taimyr Peninsula (mapu anapereka m'nkhani ino, likusonyeza malo ake). kutambasuka yake litapakidwa wosatha ayezi zilumba kumpoto Lapansi, kuyambira mfundo kwambiri imene (Cape Arctic) kutali mzati ndi makilomita 960 okha. Taimyr Peninsula kusamba ndi Laptev Nyanja ndi Kara. Apa ndi kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Africa - Cape Chelyuskin.

aiwala Gawo

Siyense wophunzira ano amadziŵa pamene Taimyr Peninsula, ndi n'zosadabwitsa, malo ake si abwino inflow la alendo pano. Ichi ndi yovuta kwambiri dziko, kumene ngakhale chilimwe kutentha sasefukira pamwamba madigiri khumi Celsius. chilumba ili mu National District Taimyr, mu Krasnoyarsk Gawo. Monga tanena mfundo zake kwambiri kumpoto - ndi Cape Chelyuskin. The kum'mwera ndi kumpoto protrusion Middle yachonde. Kutalika Tajmyr chilumba chimafika pa zikwi makilomita m'lifupi ndi - mazana asanu. Malo ali oposa 400 zikwi makilomita lalikulu. The lonse chilumba m'dera ali kwambiri kuligaŵa ndi m'mapiri. Taimyr ili kutali kupitirira Arctic Circle, m'mphepete achisanu wa Great Siberia mtsinje.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

Timapepala chidwi ndi mbiri ya chitukuko cha Taimyr Peninsula. Kupambana ndi ofufuza za North ... angati lodziwika bwino ndipo nthawi zina zinthu zoipa zobisika kuseri awa mawu achidule lalifupi! Woyamba Russian ofufuza za Taimyr m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri akhala daredevils kuno pofunafuna tsitsi - "zinthu zofewa". Choncho 1667 kumpoto kwa Yenisei pali kuthetsa wodzichepetsa otchedwa Dudinka. Lero ndi likulu la lalikulu National District Taimyr. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mu dera limeneli linakonzedwa ndi Wamkulu kumpoto ulendo. Iwo amagwirizana ndi mayina a amuna ambiri - Fedora Minina, Semyon Chelyuskin, abale Laptev Vasili Pronchishchev ndi ena ambiri. Ndipo zaka zana pa dziko lino anayenda zachilengedwe kwambiri Middendorf AF Kenako, pa gombe la chilumba cha zafikapo zina, ofufuza siikudziwika bwino mu Arctic: Nansen, Eduard Dipo, A. Nordenskjold.

The mzaka zana makumi awiri

Mu nthawi ya boma kuphunzira Soviet ya Arctic anayamba apeze patsogolo latsopano. Choncho, mu 1918 pa kugombe la kumpoto kwa chilumbachi ndi nyengo yachisanu wofufuza wina kumalo ozizira - ndi lodziwika bwino R. Amundsen. Komanso, amasangalatsa cha zochita zawozo ndi Russian wofufuza, imene pa nthawi ina anali "nthano" - N. Begichev. Chilumba kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Russia ngongole kwambiri kuti munthu uyu olimba mtima. A zambiri zochitika zofunika chikugwirizana ndi dzina lake. Mwachitsanzo, anapeza mu Gulf wa Khatanga osadziwika chilumba, dzina lake pambuyo pake, anatenga mbali Maulendo Arctic, kangapo kupulumutsidwa ku imfa. Mosonyeza sakufuna chisoni anataya ofufuza Arctic. Ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu dziko lapansi. Kumayambiriro mmasate ofufuza kumalo ozizira Urvantsev GA poyamba analowa NN Ushakov ndi zilumba za Severnaya Zemlya ndipo anapanga nkhani.

Mpumulo wa Taimyr Peninsula

Pamodzi kutalika lonse la pachilumbachi akutambasula yaikulu mapiri Byrranga. Iwo anapanga dongosolo echelon kapena madera kufanana komanso yaikulu undulating zitunda zathyathyathya. Byrranga mapiri akakhale makilomita 1100, m'lifupi awo ndi makilomita oposa 200. Zikuchitika pano mitsinje Taimyr ndi zigwa zawo anasiyanitsidwa Pyasina mapiri m'magulu atatu: kum'mawa, ndi okwera mamita 600-1146; chapakati, lalikulu - 400-600 mamita; Western - mamita 250-320. Ridge zovuta miyala ya Paleozoic ndi zaka Precambrian pakati pawo ndi udindo waukulu ankaimba ndi misampha - ichi miyala igneous kuti zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu mawonekedwe a masitepe.

mbali nyengo ya Taimyr Peninsula

Nyengo mu mapiri a Taimyr ozizira kwambiri, zikuchepa chokhala. Choncho, kutentha pafupifupi mu January ndi opanda 30-33 madigiri Celsius, ndipo mu July - kuphatikiza 2-10. Spring kumayambira m'ma June, ndi mu August pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kutentha akutsikira pansi pa ziro. Mvula imagwera pa Taimyr Peninsula ku mamilimita 120 mpaka 140 pa chaka. East a pachilumbachi zophimbidwa glacier, malo okwana makilomita lalikulu 50. mapiri ndi zomera, lomwe ndi khalidwe la miyala kozizira Titafika pamalo - chimakhala chogwidwa ndi lichens ndi ndere.

nyanja Taimyr

Izi chinthu amadzimadzi chikugwirizana kwa mtsinje Tajmyre. Nyanja ukugawa izo pawiri - pansi (makilomita 187) ndi chapamwamba (makilomita 567). Malo a thupi ili madzi ndi wapadera kwambiri chifukwa ili popitiriratu kudera lozizira kwambiri. Nyanja Taimyr ndi kumpoto kwenikweni mu dziko m'nyanja yaikulu. Malowa ali pamtunda m'tsinde mwa mapiri Byrranga, mpaka muyeso wa iwo zimaŵetedwa ku digiri 76th kumpoto kumpoto. Popeza kuti mapeto a September mpaka June nyanjayi yokutidwa ndi ayezi. Madzi kutentha m'chilimwe limatuluka madigiri kuti kuphatikiza eyiti, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - pang'ono pamwamba ziro.

Peninsula gombe

Poganizira Taimyr Peninsula pa mapu, mukhoza kuona kuti pafupi m'mphepete mwake zilumba zambiri yaing'ono. Ena mwa iwo ndi otsika-atagona mtunda, ndi ena, m'malo mwake, mkulu. zilumba ndi mawonekedwe yozungulira gombe awo ndi miyala ndi phompho, ena oundana yaing'ono. Taimyr Peninsula malo alinso mabanki phompho, kugwa m'nyanja amatsuka iwo, ndipo nthawizina - pa mwake - otsika kunama ndi modekha mumbali, ngakhale sakhala patari ndi iwo, ataliatali m'mapiri, wopangidwa mwa zigawo yopingasa thanthwe nyanja. East wa Cape Chelyuskin ku gombe dziko moyandikana lamapiri. Ndiye kuwonjezera pa ndithu mtunda otsika, ndiyeno abwelela dziko lamapiri m'malire mosabisa ndi otsika kunama. Nyanja kutsuka Taimyr, osaya, nthawizina uko zimachitika osaya mwachilungamo yaikulu. Kuchokera July kwa August, ndi kupezeka kwa kutumiza, ngakhale kuti pali pano stamuki - limodzi midadada oundana; yaikuluikulu minda hummocks ayezi. Kale dera pachilumbachi anali pansi pa madzi. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zipolopolo nyanja apezeka pafupi ndi mtsinje Middendorf wotsika Taimyr. Panopa, ngale amakhala madzi a Ocean Arctic. Nsonga kumpoto kwa Taimyr Peninsula ali ndi chisanu kwambiri pachaka. Chilimwe kumatenga masabata osachepera asanu, ndipo nthawi imeneyi kuchitika snowstorms.

malo Taimyr

Taimyr Peninsula ndi dziko Nature Reserve. Iye analengedwa mu 1979 ndi Watsimikiza wa masentimita wa RSFSR, koma chifukwa mavuto gulu kuyamba kugwira ntchito kokha mu 1985. malo ali ndi dongosolo limodzi idzafotokoza angapo - Hataganskogo gawo lotetezedwa zone dera waukulu Titafika pamalo m'dera (Dickson ndi Hatagansky m'madera), komanso mbali ya "Arctic", "Lukunsky" ndi "shonale-Mas". m'gawo lake chimakwirira madigiri kuposa anayi kumpoto izo ukufanizidwa ndi mabacteria a m'nkhalango Titafika pamalo, Alps Titafika pamalo, mapiri Byrranga, boma Arctic, ndi mmene kum'mwera lowland Titafika pamalo ndi nyanja madzi m'dera la Gulf wa Nyanja Laptev.

Cholinga chachikulu cha bungweli anali kusunga Taimyr Reserve, komanso kuphunzira zachilengedwe phiri lowland m'chilengedwe ndiponso madera ambiri a kumpoto m'nkhalango dziko m'madera "Lukunsky" ndi "shonale-Mas". Komanso mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa chitetezo cha kuderako m'dziko lathu - Red-breasted Goose - ndi yaikulu chiwerengero cha dziko la mphalapala zakutchire. Posachedwapa, mu 1995, ndi thandizo la UNESCO MAB malo Taimyr anapatsidwa udindo wa biosphere a. Ndi ntchito Ethnography ndi Natural History Museum. Aliyense atha kutenga kudziwana ndi mndandanda wa zamakolo zinthu moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a m'deralo, komanso zisudzo zoyenera chikhalidwe cha chilumba, pali gulu paleontological.