Great masamu a Russia ndi apeza

Asayansi ambiri Russian zathandiza, kumaiko losadziwika. Nthawi zambiri kukhala m'dera yaikulu ya sayansi yeniyeni, monga masamu. The akatswiri zabwino m'munda ino apeza zinthu zambiri zofunika, zoyambitsidwa zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kodi masamu lalikulu la Russia ayenera kudziwika kwa aliyense?

Pavel Alexandrov

Wasayansi tsogolo adzabadwira m'mudzi wa Bogorodsk, lero - Noginsk. Anaphunzitsidwa sekondale, kumene nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuwonetsa Ambiri Amakonda masamu, amene adatengedwa mchikakamizo cha mphunzitsi Aleksandra Eygesa. Tsiku lina aphunzitsi anandiuza ophunzira za Lobachevsky ndi achinyamata Alexander yomweyo anaganiza kuchita masamu. Kufufuza za, analowa University of Moscow. Kumeneko anayamba kuphunzira "vuto la popitilira," koma zinalephereka ankafuna nthawi zina zinkamukhumudwitsa. Komabe, vuto alibe anaganiza ngakhale ena odziwika bwino asayansi a masamu. World pedagogy Alexandrov anasolola zingapo, koma kenako anabwerera sayansi wake wokondedwa. Iye anaika chikhazikitso cha mtunda umboni - ntchito ya sayansi kutumikira monga maziko akatswiri padziko lonse. Komanso, zaka makumi atatu Alexandrov lotsogoleredwa ndi masamu Society, lofalitsidwa ndi magazini ndi atulukira posachedwapa. Robert akhala anazindikira mwa mayiko ena, komanso - Paulo anasankhidwa ndi membala aulemu a Gottingen, ndi American ndi Berlin Academy of Sciences.

Ivan Vinogradov

Ngakhale masamu wotchuka Russia sikuti kutulutsa kumverera mu dziko sayansi - ena kuzindikira anabwera mochedwa. mosiyana izo zinachitika ndi Ivanom Matveevichem Vinogradovym. Iye anali wokhoza kuti atsimikizire Goldbach vuto pa nthawi ina kuti otchuka. Malinga ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka ndi kuyambira pa mtengo wina, aliyense chiwerengero wosamvetseka ndi Uwerenge primes atatu. Komanso, kuwerengetsera Vinogradov mukhoza kumvetsa kuti pali njira yothetsera akawungeezi. Chiwerengerochi chikuimira Uwerenge anayi yosavuta. N'zochititsa chidwi funso limeneli sanali kuukitsa Goldbach. Vinogradov komanso mwini za zana ndi makumi awiri zokhudza sayansi. Iwo akhankoya nyenyezi ndi kum'tulutsa kutchuka, amene akhoza kudzitama, osati onse a masamu lalikulu. Mbiri ya masamu akuzisunga kukumbukira kuti ndi wasayansi kwambiri ndi membala aulemu wa magulu sayansi ndi maphunziro padziko lonse.

Mstislav Keldysh

Ambiri a masamu lalikulu la Russia anasonyeza luso lawo chodabwitsa ali aang'ono. Ndipo Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh - analandira udindo wa academician kale zaka 35. zikayenda amenewa tiyembekezere - wasayansi alongo mphamvu zosaneneka ntchito ndi luso lenileni. Ndili ndi zaka 16, anamaliza maphunziro ku sekondale ndipo anaganiza zolembetsa Physics ndi Masamu mphamvu ya Moscow State University. Titamaliza maphunziro anapita kuchita ndege, amene ali kwa zaka zinayi ikuchitika zingapo zatsopano sayansi ndipo analandira digiri. Chifukwa cha kuphunzira m'munda wa ndege Keldysh mphoto zingapo boma. Iye anali wokhoza kuti kuwerengetsa mmene kugwedera Kupha mu mapiko, ndipo mawilo ndi extensibility, zofunika ndi ndegeyo. Pamaziko a kuwerengetsera wake unakhazikitsidwa speedboat. Komanso, Keldysh anapanga kuzipenya zofunika masamu zowerengera.

Sofia Kovalevskaya

Mndandanda, ndilo masamu kwambiri akazi Russian zikanati zikhale, sakhoza kukhala amphumphu popanda dzina. Sofia Kovalevskaya - asayansi otchuka kwambiri dziko. Kuyambira ndili mwana, iye sanali ngati ana ena, m'malo zosangalatsa kusinkhasinkha zonse. Iye anaganiza zoyamba kuphunzira masamu, kuti ntchito kumvetsa ndi zinsinsi zina za chilengedwe. Wall khanda Sophia chipinda anali papered ndi mapepala buku Ostrogradskii, amene anali mtsikana koyamba anazolowera dziko la sayansi. Kenako anayamba kuphunzira buku la Professor Tyrtova imene kuphunzira ndizosowa sayansi ndikuyenda. Choncho anayamba njira ake kwa sayansi, koma kunyumba kulandira maphunziro zoyenera kwa akazi kunali kosatheka, ndipo iye anapita kudziko lina kuti Berlin. ntchito sayansi Sophia anabweretsa Ph.D., iye anapanga angapo atulukira kwambiri ndipo anakhala wotchuka padziko lonse.

Andrey Kolmogorov

Gallery a masamu Wamkulu sangakhale wathunthu popanda sayansi iyi. Iye anakhala nthumwi loyamba cybernetics, iye analenga dziko wotchuka ntchito, kutsatira kusanthula sayansi ntchito zolembalemba. Kuchita masamu, iye anayamba ku yunivesite, kuwonjezera, zinalembedwa ndi zosiyanasiyana ntchito nzeru ndi mfundo zomveka. chopereka Kolmogorov kuti cybernetics zinali zodzaza osati kunyumba komanso kunja - iye anavomereza kuti Polish ndi Romania Academy of Sciences, ndipo ananenanso mlingo wa Doctor ku yunivesite ya Paris. Iwo anapeza maziko a chiphunzitso Mwina ndi ziwerengero masamu , osati anapititsa anthu patsogolo nzeru, koma anathandizanso ophunzira ambiri Kolmogorov akwaniritsa bwino kwambiri ntchito zawo.

Alexey Krylov

The mnyamata anakulira m'banja mwachilungamo osauka - chidole amalikonda anali nkhwangwa. Little Alyosha zosangalatsa yekha ndi akuigwiritsa umagawanika nkhuni. Achibale zambiri za mwana kupeza wolanda, koma zonse kunapezeka mosiyana. Iye anasankha kukhala katswiri, ndi kuchita kuti masamu chinafunika. Mapiko anayamba kudzikonda ntchito ndi zaka 15 katswiri thumba lalikulu la chidziwitso. Pophunzira wake iye anagunda aphunzitsi ndi kuima pakati pa ana asukulu anzake. Pa utumiki wa Krylov ndinapita kasamalidwe Hrs analemba kalata pepala sayansi kampasi, ndipo kenako kuphunzira shipbuilding. Asayansi ambiri ndi masamu anali Russian theorists, ndi ochepa kuoneka yopapatiza othandiza specialization. Mapiko - mmodzi wa iwo. Zotumiza nkhani za chidziwitso chake chinali chinsinsi. ntchito zake, kaphatikizidwe chiphunzitso masamu ndi mchitidwe wa zomangamanga, ndi maziko tsopano. Komanso, iye anali angapo kufufuza bwino. ntchito yake yaikulu pa kapangidwe ka chotengeracho ntchito makampani shipbuilding lero, ndipo osati Russia koma m'mayiko ena padziko lonse.

Yuri Linnik

Ambiri a masamu lalikulu la Russia ntchito cha m'ma oyambirira ndi m'ma makumi awiri. Izi imakhudzanso Yuri Linnik, amene anamaliza University Leningrad mu 1938 ndipo posakhalitsa lofalitsidwa ndi pepala pa Frobenius Lingaliro Lovomerezeka. Ndi 1943 anali ndi mutu wa pulofesa. Zidzasintha ntchito chiphunzitso chiwerengero anamuika membala wa Academy of Sciences. Pa moyo wake wodzipereka kwa kuthetsa mavuto zovuta, akuyesera kuti apeze njira yosavuta kwa iwo. Mwazina, anapanga kunja mafunso angapo ofunika a chiphunzitso Mwina, chozama kuphunzira ndizosowa ndi British Hardy ndi Littlewood. Iye anakonza ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka kuti chiwerengero zachilengedwe nthaŵi zonse ankayimiridwa ngati Uwerenge yaikulu ndi awiri zachilengedwe, lofanana mbali zonse. Dzinali Yuriya Linnika kudziwika asayansi masamu lonse.

Alexander Lyapunov

Ambiri a masamu lalikulu la Russia anaphunzira ku St. Petersburg University. Dzina lake Aleksandr Lyapunov analinso maphunziro ake. Ntchito ya sayansi, olembedwa kwambiri m'chaka chachinayi, iye anapambana n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi. Lyapunov inali ntchito yapadera. Komanso, iye anali mphunzitsi wodziwa - ophunzira anati kwa nkhani yochepa ankakhoza kudziwa zomwe anali mlendo, ngakhale ophunzira kwambiri kumene, kupita kutali singathe pa mwambowu. Dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich Lyapunov anayamba mfundo zambiri za bata ndi mgwirizano kusamukira machitidwe makina, zachitika malamulo imene tingadziwire mawonekedwe a onsewo madzi pamwamba, ndi kutsogolera maziko ulamuliro mafakitale ndondomeko, ndi ntchito lero. Pomaliza, Lyapunov analemba mapepala angapo pa chiphunzitso Mwina, sayansi masamu, ndi m'madera ena kiyi wa sayansi.