Kampasi permeability wa thunthu

Kubverana ya maginito (H) ndi kampasi kamwazi kachulukidwe (B) m'nkhaniyo amakhala ndi wambiri thupi otchedwa maginito permeability. mtheradi maginito permeability sing'anga - chiŵerengero cha B kuti H. Malinga ndi System Mayiko mayunitsi amayezedwa mayunitsi wotchedwa 1 Henry pa mita.

A mtengo M'ndandanda zowonetseredwa ndi chiŵerengero cha ukulu wake kwa ukulu wa permeability ake maginito ya zingalowe ndipo amaimira μ. Khalidwe limeneli limatchedwa wachibale maginito permeability (kapena permeability) a sing'anga. Kodi wachibale, izo ziribe mayunitsi.

Choncho, wachibale maginito permeability μ - mtengo kusonyeza nthawi angati m'munda kupatsidwa ulemu a sing'anga ndi zochepa (kapena kuposa) la zingalowe m'malo kupatsidwa ulemu maginito.

Atadziŵa mankhwala, izo zimakhala nyese ndi munda kunja maginito. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa kwa Ampere, iliyonse ya nthawi zonse kufalitsidwa tosaoneka mafunde magetsi chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi m'njira zawo ndi kukhalapo kwa awo maginito mphindi. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, gululi ndi disordered, ndi m'munda "siuzimitsidwa" (kuletsa) mzake. Pamene kuwayika thupi mu munda kunja Mafunde inalamula, ndipo thupi limakhala ndi maginito (m. E. Kukhala munda wake).

zinthu zonse permeability ndi osiyana. Kuchokera pa mtengo zace, magawano nkhani kanthu m'magulu atatu lalikulu.

Mtengo diamagnetic a maginito permeability μ - zosakwana wina. Mwachitsanzo, bismuth μ = 0,9998. Ndi diamagnetic ndi nthaka, kutsogolera khwatsi, thanthwe mchere, mkuwa, galasi, wa hydrogen, benzene, madzi.

Kampasi permeability wa paramagnetic mayunitsi zikuluzikulu pang'ono (kwa μ = 1,000023 zotayidwa). Zitsanzo za paramagnetic - faifi tambala, mpweya, tungsten, ebonite, pulatinamu, asafe, mpweya.

Pomaliza, gulu lachitatu a angapo zinthu (makamaka zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo) amene maginito permeability ndi kwambiri (ndi malamulo angapo ukulu) kuposa umodzi. Izi zinthu - ferromagnets. Kwenikweni pano monga faifi tambala, chitsulo, cobalt ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo awo. Chifukwa zitsulo μ = 8 ∙ 10 ^ 3 kwa aloyi faifi tambala zitsulo μ = 2.5 ∙ 10 ^ 5. Ferromagnetic adzatenga katundu amene kusiyanitsa iwo ku zinthu zina. Choyamba, iwo ndi nyese yotsalira. Kachiwiri, permeability awo ndi ntchito ya kupatsidwa ulemu kunja mmunda. Chachitatu, aliyense wa iwo pali ena pakhomo kutentha, wotchedwa Curie mfundo imene wotaya katundu ferromagnetic ndipo paramagnetic. Faifi tambala Curie mfundo - 360 ° C, kuti chitsulo - 770 ° C.

The katundu wa ferromagnets Mzimuyo osati permeability komanso ukulu Ine, amatchedwa magnetization wa thunthu. Izi ndi zovuta osalunjika ntchito ya kupatsidwa ulemu maginito, kukula anafotokoza magnetization mzere otchedwa magnetization limaoneka lokongola. Choncho, popeza anafika ina, magnetization pafupifupi ikutha kuwonjezera (maginito machulukitsidwe amapezeka). Backlog mtengo ferromagnetic magnetization ku ukulu kukula kwa kunja kupatsidwa ulemu maginito amatchedwa hysteresis. Pankhaniyi, pali kudalira kwa ferromagnet makhalidwe maginito osati pa uliri pa nthawiyo, komanso magnetization ake m'mbuyomu. Mawonekedwe chifaniziro cha ntchito imeneyi pamapindikira amatchedwa hysteresis kuzungulira.

Chifukwa katundu, zipangizo ferromagnetic amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu luso. Iwo ntchito rotors wa Motors ndi magudumu, mu kupanga mitima thiransifoma ndi yolandirana atomu, ndi kupanga zinthu makompyuta amagetsi. The katundu maginito zipangizo ferromagnetic ntchito matepi rekoda, matelefoni, tepi ndi zipangizo zina yosungirako.