Nthambi zazikulu za maganizo. Makhalidwe Abwino

Psychology ndi sayansi yaing'ono yomwe inayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Koma kwa kanthaŵi kochepa komwe kulipo, chiwerengero chachikulu chazomwe chidawonekera kale, chomwe chikhoza kuonekera chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayang'anizana nazo. Chifukwa cha ichi, laibulale yochuluka kwambiri pa psychology inakhazikitsidwa. Zaka zaposachedwapa, zabwezeretsedwa ndi njira zamakono zamaphunziro komanso zamaphunziro zamakono.

Nthambi zazikulu za psychology zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi phunziro limodzi - psyche. Pamtima mwasankhidwe wawo ndi mbali yanji komanso pansi pazimene zimaphunziridwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake mndandanda wa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndizofunikira ndipo zingasinthe ndi nthawi.

Nthambi zikuluzikulu za psychology ndi izi.

Kafukufuku wamaganizo amodzi amaphunzira ntchito zogwira mtima komanso zomveka bwino za munthu. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zomwe zapezeka mu nthambiyi, chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi mfundo za mfundo zoyambirira zinakhazikitsidwa, komanso njira yothetsera sayansi ya maganizo.

Pakati pa chikhalidwe cha psychology, malamulo apadera a chikhalidwe ndi munthu m'maganizo aumunthu amamvetsetsa, omwe amapangidwa ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu komanso umunthu, komanso magulu. Makampani awa abwera posakhalitsa.

Age psychology imaphunzira psyche m'matenda (kukula kuchokera panthawi yomwe mayi amatha kutenga pakati mpaka imfa ya munthu). Momwemo, popanga mapangidwe ake, zigawo zingapo zinkatha kuonekera: ana ( malingaliro amodzi a ana a zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi amawerengedwa), komanso malingana ndi msinkhu wa zaka (psychology ya msinkhu wa msukulu, mwana wachinyamata, wachinyamata, wamkulu, ndi gerontology).

Monga momwe phunziro la maphunziro apamwamba a maganizo ndi psyche wa wophunzira ndi mphunzitsi, omwe amalingaliridwa mu maphunziro, komanso maphunziro ndi kulera.

Pali magulu akuluakulu apadera a psychology. Tiyeni tilowe mwatsatanetsatane pa zina mwa izo.

Uchi. Psychology , kapena momwe imatchedwanso, kuchipatala , imalingalira psyche muzochitika za thupi kapena matenda. Pachifukwa chake, zakhala zikuwonekera: somatopsychology, pathopsychology ndi neuropsychology.

Psychological yapamwamba imapangitsa kuti chidziwitso chaumunthu chikhale choipa. Mwachidule, typhlopsychology, surdpsychology ndi oligophrenopsychology zinapangidwa.

Psychophysiology ndi nthambi yapadera yomwe imaphatikiza kugwirizana kwa maganizo ndi chilengedwe, thupi la GNI ndi psychology. Zaka zaposachedwapa, psychogenetics yakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri.

Psychology ya ntchito imalingaliridwa ndi psyche muzochitika zogwirira ntchito. Zimaphatikizapo zigawo zotsatirazi: psychology ya luso, masewera, malonda, malonda; Komanso ma psychology (oweruza, milandu, ndale, asilikali, bungwe, ndege, malo, engineering ndi ena).

Psycholinguistics amaphunzira kulankhula ngati mtundu wina wa psyche, umene umagwiritsa ntchito zilankhulidwe za chiyankhulo monga njira zamkati. Mwachidule, zigawo monga psychosemantics ndi psychosemiotics zikufotokozedwa.

Kusiyanitsa maganizo (kusiyana) ndi maganizo a anthu amasonyeza kusiyana kwa maganizo a anthu: mtundu, typological, wina ndi zina.

Mathematical psychology ikuphatikizidwa kwambiri mu mafunso ofunika mu sayansiyi, njira zowonjezeramo kusanthula zotsatira zomwe zapezeka mu kufufuza kwa maganizo.

Nthambi zazikulu za maganizo zomwe zapangidwa panopa zimachititsa kuti izi zikhale zotheka kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri komanso zogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono, zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolomu.