Masitayilo chinenero mabuku. Masitayilo chinenero chamakono Russian zolembalemba

Kulankhulana pakati pa anthu ikuchitika mwa chinenero. Ndi njira yosonyezera ndi mapangidwe maganizo ndi malingaliro. Language ndi njira kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi chidziwitso, chida mmene othandiza pa mphamvu ndi malingaliro. Kugwiritsa ntchito awa ndi kuchigwiritsa ayenera kukhala waluso mwa iwo. munthu, mwa kulankhula kwina, ayenera anayamba chikhalidwe kulankhula. Monga njira maganizo kungakhale uthenga mawu kapena lemba kusindikizidwa. Masitaelo chinenero muyezo angathe kulankhula ndi mzake. Choncho, Mabaibulo ena zipangizo angagwiritsidwe ntchito Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kenako, kupenda zomwe kalembedwe chinenero zolembalemba, pali ndi zimene akufuna.

terminology

Mawu "kalembedwe" ali mizu Greek. Masiku amenewo, ife analemba kuti voschanoy mapiritsi singano - stylet. Makongoletsedwe ndi kumatanthauza gawo mawu. Mwa chimango ake ikuchitika kuphunzira mbali ya ntchito njira yosonyezera maganizo, malingana ndi zinthu, zolinga ndi ochititsa mawu, zikhalidwe ndi ukulu wa kulankhulana. Gawo ikufotokoza masitaelo chinenero mwachindunji zolembalemba, bwino iwo paliponse. chilangocho amaphunzira uziyenda bwino, limaonetseratu lomveka yeniyeni kulankhula. Phunziro "kalembedwe chinenero mabuku sukulu" limaphunzitsa nkokoma ndi ntchito sadziwa malamulo ndi chuma lexical.

mayendedwe

Zinenero Stylistics amaphunzira chinenero kutukwana. The malangizo loyamba anayamba Kapangidwe ka chinenero. Timaphunziranso chinenero, galamala, ndi zipangizo phraseological. Utsogoleri yachiwiri makamaka ikufotokoza zosiyanasiyana za kulankhula, komanso kudalira awo zolinga zosiyanasiyana mfundo. Kalembedwe zimakhala tiyenera kukhala ndi khalidwe la zonse zinchito. Ndi ayenera kuwuluridwa zosiyanasiyana kulankhulana kwa cholinga, mutu watero addressee zinthu kulankhulana, wolemba chiŵerengero mwachindunji phunziro.

mfundo zofunika

Magulu zofunika kwambiri za mwambo zofunika kunyamula masitayilo chinenero mabuku. Iwo ntchito muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo pagulu. Kalembedwe - mtundu wa chinenero zolembalemba, imene mawu a maganizo m'kati kulankhulana. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe osati mwa m'ndandanda wapadera zida, komanso kuphatikiza wapadera wa onse. Pali osiyana masitaelo zinchito za chinenero chamakono zolembalemba. Okwana pali asanu. More "anatseka" imatengedwa boma ntchito kalembedwe chinenero. Ambiri tsiku ndi tsiku chimalankhulidwa. Palinso kalembedwe sayansi chinenero mabuku. Adzaupereka kwa mawu kulemba mabuku-mtundu. A malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi luso kalembedwe chinenero mabuku. Ichi ndi chifukwa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo ntchito kulenga zithunzi za zimakhudza mphamvu ndi kuwerenga maganizo. Wokwanira chimagwiritsidwa sankaoneka ngati ganizo la kalembedwe sayansi. Chili osiyana mu mitundu mawonekedwe a mabuku, zosiyanasiyana zili ndi cholinga. Journalistic kalembedwe wa chinenero zolembalemba imatengedwa kulankhula buku kudzera mwa kupereka zambiri. Chotsatira, kuyang'ana pa aliyense wa awa mwatsatanetsatane.

Mawonekedwe m'kamwa

ake onse mbali chosiyana akhoza zimachitika kwathunthu kwa kalembedwe analankhula. Komabe, lingaliro ili si lofanana ndi tanthauzo la "Mawu olankhulidwa." inawo akuti ndi chinthu wamba. kalembedwe Kukamba kuzindikira makamaka chinenero. Komabe, mwina kukhala pano, ndipo Mitundu ina. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, pazikhalanso lipoti, nkhani malipoti ndi zina zotero.

mbali Ofunika

Kukamba kalembedwe losiyana chomasuka kufotokoza, expressiveness wake, concreteness. wolemba anafotokoza maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe pofotokoza. Chifukwa kalembedwe chitachitika amakhala ndi chikoka mwachindunji zinthu zosiyana owonjezera chinenero.

lexical gulu

Iwo ali awiri okha. Choyamba ndi analankhula mawu wamba. Nawonso, kupanga boma gulu ndi gulu. Choncho, kuonetsetsa tsiku ndi tsiku chinenero colloquial ndi zolembalemba. Woyamba pafupi wamba. kalasi iyi imakhala m'magulu awiri. Choyamba ndi wamba, yomwe ili m'malire a ntchito mabuku. Ndi analandira amapanga wosakhazikika, zoweta, akudziwa zina. Mwachitsanzo, amanena m'malo batala - mbatata m'malo Wolakwa - kupanga Pepala ndi zina zotero. Gulu lachiwiri ndi yovuta, si zolembalemba chinenero. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo kufunafuna - galimoto apo, mmalo mwa kuyenda mozungulira - kuyendayenda, kuyendayenda. gulu akhoza zimachitika ndi otukwana ndi achipongwe. Mwachitsanzo, flunky, croak, okolet ndi ena. zinthu zoterezi nthawi zambiri ntchito, mu zochitika zoipa chithunzi moyo. The subgroup chachiwiri zikuphatikizapo siyana monga Luso (mayina a mitundu ya nyama Mwachitsanzo, Brown Nyamuliranani - Ovsyanik, muimba muravyatnik ndi ena) (. Chiputu - chiputu mapuloteni - Vecchio, etc.), dialectisms, mawu slang (authunthu - mpweya kumveka zosangalatsa - Plaisir etc.), mawu argoticheskih (mnyamata -. salaga adzandipereka - kuphwanya, etc) .... Ambiri a mawu slang anaonekera mu mawu a kalasi ulamuliro ngakhale pamaso zitasintha. Ena mwa iwo zinasungidwa ku zinthu lumpen. Jargon lotanthauzira ali kugwirizana ndi anthu a mibadwo ena zaka. Mwachitsanzo, achinyamata mawu otchuka monga "awiri" (deuce), "chikuku chamwana" ndi ena. Tikumbukenso kuti anafotokoza mlingo wosiyana kafalitsidwe yopapatiza m'deralo.

mawu Common

Izi ndi mosungiramo chachikulu cha kalembedwe chitachitika. Pamafunikanso magulu awiri a mawu. Izi, makamaka, chinenero, ndi zoona, analankhula. Izi ndi pafupi mokwanila mzake - kotani pakati pa mzere madzimadzi kwambiri, wosakhazikika ndi zambiri zochenjera. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zosiyana m'madikishonale osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mawu monga "kwenikweni," "kutchire kukakumba ndikafuna kudzithandiza" mu ofotokozera Dictionary Ushakov kope zimalankhulidwa ndi mu buku la chi zolembalemba Chirasha - kwa anthu wamba. Ena zinthu amanenedwa ndi chizindikiro awiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ambiri chilankhulo wamba kusuntha m'gulu la mawu colloquial.

Features ndi malembedwe

Mu kalembedwe chitachitika chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mawu mbali mumtima limaonetseratu. Iwo akhoza kukhala achikondi, ananyozedwa, diminutive, achipongwe, achipongwe ena. Koma malembedwe, ndiye amakhala ndi incompleteness, kuchotsa, ambiri ziganizo chosakwanira, kubwereza ambiri. Ntchito pulagi kamangidwe, exclamations, mafunso, kuphatikizapo losafuna, ngati chifupikitso kapena mawonekedwe a mawu maganizo. Komanso ntchito inversion m'madera osiyanasiyana kulankhula. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa adjectives mu matanthauzo udindo mu nauni mawu.

Zikumveka ndi mwatsatanetsatane za ulaliki

Masitayilo Russian chinenero chamakono zolembalemba ntchito zosiyanasiyana mkati njira zawo. Ena mwa maonekedwe a mtundu umodzi wa ulaliki angapezeke ena. Komabe, si masitaelo onse a chinenero zolembalemba kucheza ndi mzake. Ena TV kutengerapo chiyani ntchito kwa munthu kapena gulu lina. Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, kalembedwe boma-malonda imatengedwa chatsekedwa koposa zonse. Chili onse a zikalata. Izi makalata malonda, ndi machitidwe a boma. magwero angapezeke kusiyana ena mu chinenero. Akudalira pa cholinga cha zikalata okha. Komabe, ngakhale kuti pamaso pawo, kalembedwe imeneyi amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zochititsa apadera ambiri. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, pazikhalanso molondola, momveka, kubadwanso, Kudziwa ndi kukwaniritsa mawu, kulunjika kumva kwa mawu a. Onse katundu awa chifukwa cholinga chachikulu cha zikalata - kuonetsetsa otaya zambiri pa mfundo yamphamvu. Kalembedwe boma nawonso yodziwika ndi kufupika ndi kugwirizana kwa ulaliki, komanso zinthu zenizeni, chimene nkhaniyo ili.

Heterogeneity zolembedwa

Popanda yeniyeni muyezo mawonekedwe pepala limodzi sizitha wawo. gulu lino, mwachitsanzo, monga pasipoti. Other kusindikizidwa M'manja a. mapepala zimenezo zimaphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, letterheads. Koma ena alibe muyezo wa mitundu kugonjetsedwa. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo malipoti, makalata malonda, malipoti, ndi zambiri.

Kupereka mbali zopelekedwa

Pa mlingo lexical, makamaka mukanene mawu wapadera ndi phraseology, amene mulibe masitayilo ena a chinenero mabuku. Izi ndi izi: moyo, munthu (anthu), anapereka (anapatsidwa), linatenga malo (moyo) ndi ena. Komanso uncharacteristic zikalata maganizo ochekenera. Iwo alibe zinthu, amene ali olemera mu masitayilo ena a chinenero mabuku. Mwachitsanzo, satsatira mawu wamba. Mu polemba chinenero ichi locales ambiri. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito prepositions denominative: likuvutika, kuti kuthengo, kuchokera mbali ndi ena ndi maina wagwiritsiridwa mawu. Ikani stencils, ndipo ena mwa mawu, n'koyenera ena mitundu ya kalembedwe. Pakuti mtundu wanyimbo izi, ndi yodziwika ntchito "mkulu" mawu ndiponso zinthu wophiphiritsa osati m'lingaliro lenileni. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu tsopano, ndi wina adzasiyidwa. Iwo kupereka mawu kufunika ndi chofunika. zingapo zikalata mayiko kopita ntchito mawu wowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, ofala pempho: Madam, Sir, Chawo Highnesses ndi ena.

Chachiwiri, ndi kulemekeza chatsekedwa mtundu wanyimbo ulaliki

Pankhaniyi tikulankhula kalembedwe sayansi. Pamafunikanso nkhani mu pang'ono lolunjika magazini, monographs, buku ndi Buku, kupanga ndi luso yophunzitsa mabuku, abstracts, annotations ndi zina. Waukulu mbali ya kalembedwe sayansi kaye kunyamula mfundo, umboni generality molondola ndi Kudziwa. Ulaliki wa mudziwe sinafike Pankhaniyi maganizo chipangizo cha wosuta. Komabe, zinthu maganizo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kalembedwe sayansi. Iwo kumapangitsanso yonena za mawu a mu prose, monga mosiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe youma nkhani.

Kalembedwe sayansi Chirasha zolembalemba: makhalidwe ambiri ndi zolinga

polemba chinenero ichi yodziwika ndi machulukitsidwe wa leni chuma, conciseness ndi lolondola ulaliki. Monga zili ndi malongosoledwe a zochitika zenizeni, kuphunzira awo ndi kutanthauzira. Kalembedwe sayansi chinenero zolembalemba ntchito zitsimikizo za malingaliro ena ndi zinthu Mtsutso wawo. kukhudzana Izi zimachitika mtundu wanyimbo mavuto osiyana kafukufuku. Mogwirizana ndi buku limeneli kwa gawo lalikulu lili mzere maganizo umboni.

Kulankhula buku mtundu wanyimbo

Ndi za kalembedwe journalistic. polemba chinenero ichi ndi sakanikira kwambiri. Lili zinthu zimene m'njira zina chinenero chamakono Russian mabuku. Pakati mbali yaikulu ya mtundu wanyimbo izo Dziwani kugwirizana, faktografichnost, yeniyeni, nkhani machulukitsidwe ndiponso amawalimbikitsa ulaliki, conciseness ndi expressiveness, emotionality.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mtundu wanyimbo kulankhula

Journalistic kalembedwe makamaka zimatenga kwa muzochitika maganizo ndi andale. Polemba chinenero Cholinga mofulumira, molondola, ndipo amapezeka kudziŵitsa anthu za zochitika zofunika amene anachitika kunja ndi mkati dziko, zimakhudza owerenga ndi iyo kugwirizana kwambiri akuimira. M'mawu ena, utolankhani ndi njira zokopa misa ndi zambiri. Faktografichnost lomveka ndi nkhani ntchito polemba chinenero amathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maganizo ake kuulula chilichonse (zoona kapena chochitika). Causative, expressiveness, emotionality chifukwa ntchito syntactic ndi lexical phraseology njira. Apezeka polemba chinenero ichi pa TV, mabuku, wailesi, malankhulidwe ndale. Nyuzipepala-journalistic kalembedwe kulemba counterpoint osiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi mtundu woyera polemba chinenero chimenechi. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, monga mwachidule, review, malipoti. Ena malire ofotokozera luso. Mwachitsanzo, lampoon, kapepala nkhani. Ena adzalandira mbali boma ntchito mabuku. fomu iyi yoonetsa ndi khalidwe la mkonzi wa.

Mfundo yaikulu ya ulaliki kulankhula

Kwa mtundu wanyimbo yodziwika ndi ntchito umoyo-ziyenera njira chinenero. Mu nyuzipepala publicism akuyendera organic zovuta zooneka ndi zomveka anayamba generality cha umboni komanso zifukwa zooneka kulunjika. Mu nkhani imeneyi, nyuzipepala Tingaone kuphatikiza informativeness, kutengeka kuvomerezedwa ndi mfundo zomveka, kuwunika. Zimasonyezanso mgwirizano wa chiwerengero cha mumaganiza zosiyana. Izi, makamaka, ndi lathu zolankhula standardization ndi PAD ntchito pa dzanja limodzi, ndi ayambe nkhani, kufuna chisonyezo cha ena.

mlingo syntactic

Journalistic kalembedwe yodziwika ndi kuphweka kulengedwa, kuyitanitsa mitundu ya ofotokozera, kawirikawiri ndithu inversion a zinthu za maganizo, amene akhale malo zomveka mawuwo. Imakhudzanso kaphatikizidwe ndakatulo ya zosakaniza: epiphora, anaphora, mafunso losafuna ndi zambiri. Izi makamaka akuonekera bwino mu mukubwadamuka ndi mabodza mabuku. Kalembedwe journalistic ntchito ndi zinthu za malembedwe analankhula. Zokwanira imatengedwa zenizeni mu mawonekedwe mkonzi. ofotokozera izi chuma pano n'kofunika M'zikhulupiriro ndi tanthauzo ndale, koma kumabweretsanso mavuto ndi kufunika mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ndi zosiyanasiyana komanso nkhani. polemba chinenero ichi akuti ndi malire pakati pa mabuku luso kulankhula. Mu nkhani kuonekera anamva ndithu chimaonekadi authorial "Ine", kapepala, lampoon, zomwe ndi zochokera pa maganizo satirical ku chenicheni ndipo ziyenera mwachindunji zinthu zoipa. Ikufotokoza ntchito njira maganizo ndi limaonetseratu. polemba chinenero amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe m'njira zosiyana wa Chirasha zolembalemba. Ngati ife zimaonetsa wonse, tikhoza kunena kuti Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana mkukhudzika kwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi tanthauzo zamalankhulidwe, limaonetseratu-modal mbali mgwirizano buku ndi kulankhula. Izi, mu zingathandize kuti anthu ochokera looseness stylistic njira mawu.

Luso kalembedwe: mudziwe ambiri

Mfundo imeneyi osokoneza kwambiri. Mmenemo ndi kalembedwe zovuta ndi chinenero cha wolemba. Ndi otsiriza amatanthauza mayunitsi anthu zinenero, wodzala ndi malemba. Masitayilo chinenero zolembalemba ntchito ndi wolemba pomanga nkhani, kulola kuonetsa maganizo ake m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwa maonekedwe a mtundu wanyimbo ayenera kuunikila umodzi wa ntchito zokongoletsa ndi kulankhula. Ichi ndi chifukwa ntchito wapawiri kuti amachita zopeka. Makamaka, zikutanthauza osati owerenga, koma ankagwiritsanso zimakhudza owerenga. Limanenanso makhalidwe a mtundu wanyimbo zosiyanasiyana ndalama. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito zinthu zimene m'njira zina chinenero chamakono zolembalemba. kudutsa ndi njira zina zithunzi mawu komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Komanso, alipo ndi fano la wolemba. Nkhani anasonyeza makhalidwe ake, maganizo, kuzindikira, zokongoletsa ndi maganizo maganizo.

mbali zapadera nkhani

Rhythmic mawu achilendo zithunzi, ambiguity mawu, zamalankhulidwe mphamvu, emotionality. njira polemba chinenero ntchito ndi zipangizo imvera Kuwulura zina maganizo pakati ntchito. Nawonso, anatsimikiza mtima pamaziko ndi kuthekera kwa zinthu ntchito ndi wolemba. The kusanthula za nkhaniyo, ayenera anafotokoza mbali ya mitundu ya wapakamwa kufotokoza zili maganizo. polemba chinenero ankaona imatengedwa kukhala osiyanasiyana ndi yaikulu kuposa ena masitayilo ena a Chirasha zolembalemba. Si mndandanda wa njira ndi chuma chofunika kwambiri maganizo wophiphiritsa ndakatulo. Wa zinthu zonse, zimene masitaelo chachikulu cha chinenero mabuku, wolemba amasankha anthu kuti ayenera kuulula mutu osankhidwa.

The zithunzi polemba chinenero chimenechi

Iwo aumbike mwa mtundu wanyimbo osati mwa ntchito matanthauzo ophiphiritsa mawu ndi mndandanda lexical ndi syntactic njira. Yofunika kwambiri mwina ndine njira stylistically ndale. Mphamvu ndakatulo wa zithunzi ndipo zimakhala mu mawu wapadera ndi ng'oma mbali kiyi. Iwo zinthu yosavuta kukhala wamphamvu. Mwachitsanzo ukhalebe ntchito zosiyanasiyana Chekhov Pushkina. M'mawu awo ambiri kupanga chithunzithunzi amphamvu. More limaonetseratu ndipo mwina mitundu kalembedwe ndi zidule syntactic. Kupanga zithunzi ntchito, motero mitundu iwiri ya njira. Izi makamaka njira ya chinenero yokha. Zikuphatikizapo kanjedza ndi njira ya mawu, zamalankhulidwe ndi poeticisms lexical. Kachiwiri, izi ndi zinthu zimene amaona zambiri ndale mu chinenero, koma dongosolo nkhani, iwo ali mphako. kalembedwe aliyense ulaliki ambiri chimafotokozera zikuchokera lexical ndi nkhani.