Masitima achingwe am'mapiri - nyanja mtima. Kodi Masitima achingwe am'mapiri: chipangizo, kutalika, kutalika. The Masitima achingwe am'mapiri wotchuka mu Kiev, Vladivostok, Prague ndi Barcelona

Anthu a m'mizinda ina ya ku dziko akhoza kudzitama kuti iwo ali m'dziko mbadwa zokopa awo monga Masitima achingwe am'mapiri lapansi. Izi si galimoto. Iwo angathe kutchedwa kukopa imene yothandiza zochotsa ntchito ndi pamodzi ndi zosangalatsa.

Kodi galimoto chingwe?

Mphunzitsi chipangizo Masitima achingwe am'mapiri amakhala ndi dzina lake (mawu "funiculitis" latembenuzidwa ngati chingwe ndi Latin ndi Chitaliyana). Amakhala ndi dongosolo samatha ndi nyumba, kawirikawiri akusamukira kwina. chiwembu Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kukwaniritsa katundu. Engineering yomanga mulinso njanji, magiya, actuators ndi dongosolo braking, kuphatikizapo mwadzidzidzi yoyendetsa basi ngati yopuma chingwe kapena zochitika zina nthenda uka. Kulengedwa funiculars zosiyanasiyana aliyense mizinda imene anamanga malinga ndi luso lake lomwe, ndi zomangamanga wapadera okwerera ndipo anagubuduza katundu kamangidwe.

Nakhalanso Odessa Masitima achingwe am'mapiri

Mwachitsanzo, Odessa, pafupi ndi masitepe Giant (kenako anadzatchedwa Potemkin), kuyambira 1902 opareshoni galimoto chingwe, woyamba mu Russian Ufumu. Mu 60 ntchentche wa XX atumwi ku malo ake n'kuika escalator, ngati amene ntchito yapansi panthaka. Bandiwifi chawonjezeka, koma zoipa kwambiri masiku ano tione pamodzi ndi maonekedwe mbiri ya mzinda kum'mwera. Pomaliza, masiku "oyendayenda masitepe," wolema, ndipo tsopano mu malo omwewo kamodzinso kum'patsa Masitima achingwe am'mapiri. Kapangidwe amagwiritsa ntchito bwino kuwalakwira pakati pa nzika za Odessa ndi alendo a mzinda, ndipo limatithandiza zodabwitsa za doko ndi gombe, kupatula izo facilitates njira kwa Primorsky Boulevard, pambuyo kukwera masitepe 192 kwa anthu ena, makamaka achikulire, ndi yosasangalatsa.

Galimoto mu San Francisco - chitsanzo chingwe galimoto mu Vladivostok

Masitima achingwe am'mapiri Vladivostok pathupi ngati mmodzi wa miyeso yousinthira mwanyanja tawuni zodabwitsa "Soviet wa San Francisco." Paulendo wake ku United States unachitika mu 1959, Mlembi Choyamba ndi CPSU N. S. Hruschev chidwi ndi dongosolo zoyendera m'tauni ya mzinda California, yomwe Palibenso dziko. Monga Vladivostok, San Francisco lili alili zovuta, ndi kuti pansi kuyenda pa izo kovuta kwambiri, tili ndi kukwera, ndiye atsika ndi otsetsereka. Wamba zoyendera m'matauni ena akutsikira kungakhale koposa mphamvu, ndipo kenako anachita zinthu zosangalatsa. trams mzinda wonse San Francisco chokwawa padziko njanji, pakati chosungikira chingwe. Kuti aime, mlangizi liyenera kutsegula kugwirizana chipangizo ndi atolankhani pa nagawa, ndipo gululo limayamba pamene n'zosiyana kanthu. Ndi ngakhale kovuta kudziwa ndendende Masitima achingwe am'mapiri kapena sitima, koma kachitidwe ntchito zabwino, koma ngati katundu anagubuduza ntchito kubwezeretsa magalimoto akale popanda injini kunja ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachititsa aliyense ulendo zosangalatsa wodzazidwa ulendo m'chilengedwe.

Masitima achingwe am'mapiri - pamaso "Vlad"

N'kutheka kuti analamula mu 1962 mu Vladivostok Masitima achingwe am'mapiri ndi otsika kukula ndi nthambi ya US, koma ndi chabwino kwambiri. Only mu East Asia, izo zikugwirizana Bay a Golden Horn ndi Orlinaya msewu V. Sibirtseva. Malinga ndi izo, kuti ndifike Sukulu ya Engineering ophunzira alendo ndithu kukaona chosaiwalika izi, ndipo mumzindawo kuthetsa phiri lotsetsereka, ngati sindikufuna kupita capamwamba, "chikwi chimodzi ndi phazi limodzi" (zoona, awo 368, koma kwambiri). Chitunda ndi galimoto chingwe ndi kutalika mamita 70 kumatenga maminiti khumi ndi asanu, ndipo panthawi imeneyi chililaka pa 183 mamita njanji. Choncho, otsetsereka pafupifupi ndi madigiri kuposa 22, mochuluka.

Masitima achingwe am'mapiri ku Prague - njira okonda

Mosiyana ndi zamakono kwambiri kwa anthu a Vladivostok Masitima achingwe am'mapiri sitima ku la Czech likulu njanji Petrin phiri ndi ndimasewera kwambiri zokopa, ndi m'badwo wa lolemekezeka ake - iyo inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1891. Pa nthawi yomweyo linatsegulidwa wina Masitima achingwe am'mapiri wotchuka mu Prague Letna phiri. njira magalimoto chikondi ndi kwabasi. Pa 510-mita m'litali galimoto chililaka njira yotulukira ochepera khoma la mpanda wolimba akale, ndi pa terminus alendo, kuwonjezera psuu nsanja, akuyembekezera chosema odzipereka kwa kukupsopsonani. Ndi amakonda malo a Praguers wamng'ono.

Barcelona funiculars

"Tibidabo" - pa Masitima achingwe am'mapiri wamkulu mu Barcelona (ndi zonse zitatu za izo). njira chimtsogolera pamwamba pa phiri, kenako chikutchedwa, siteshoni ina ili pa msewu Dr. Andreu. Tibidabo ndi pa chingwe sitima wina - "Vayvidrera" imene imasiyana Peude siteshoni, koma n'chochepa kwambiri, ungasunge yekha za makumi asanu okwera. Kukweza kutalika onse Masitima achingwe am'mapiri pafupifupi chomwecho, mamita oposa 160, koma kutalika osiyana (729 ndi 1152 meters motero), kutanthauza kuti lamulo limapezeka pa steepness osiyanasiyana otsetsereka a. Choncho, modekha "Tibidabo", ngakhale wokalamba (iye akubera kuyambira 1901), pamafunika okwera mazana anai, ndi mng'ono wake Peude - maulendo asanu ndi atatu zochepa.

Montuika Masitima achingwe am'mapiri - mabasi ndi magalimoto ndi ulendo nthawi yomweyo

Chachitatu Masitima achingwe am'mapiri - "Montuika" - ali mbali ya boma zoyendera Barcelona, ndi zodziwikiratu ndi kusala. cholinga chake - kulumikiza m'deralo chingwe galimoto ku okwerera sitima siteshoni "ena ofanana" siteshoni. njirayo ndi mwabwino kwambiri ili, 758-mita njira zake ayambire pakati m'nkhalango wosamvera ndipo amanyamula okwera ndi kutalika mamita 76. Tiyenera kutengera Barcelona City makonzedwe kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti mfundo yochititsa chidwi anabweretsa zopereka ndalama ngati kuli kotheka. kukopa alendo amalimbikitsa zomangamanga, wachuma wa odyera, malo omwera ndi enawo zina zosangalatsa zimene analenga zinthu zonse chopezera maganizo kukongola kwa mapiri Montuika. Anamanga chingwe galimoto ku Barcelona pa nthawi unachitikira kumeneko mu 1929, wokongola dziko, koma wangwiro chikhalidwe luso anatilola kugwiritsa ntchito monga malo Olympic mu makumi asanu ndi limodzi-kuphatikiza.

Kiev Masitima achingwe am'mapiri - mfundo ndi kukhazikitsa

Masitima achingwe am'mapiri mu Kiev - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za mzinda. Iye anaona kusokonekera ambiri mbiri. Zisinthe, nkhondo yapachiweniweni, Directory Makhnovshchina, ndi Austria alowererepo Chiyukireniya Republic, bwinja Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi angapo "Maidan" - Imeneyi ndi tsankho mndandanda wa zinthu, amene anapambana Kiev Nyamulani mpando. Ndipo iye anayamba moyo wake mu 1905 pamene patapita zaka ziwiri ntchito yomanga, "kampani Belgium" analitengera ilo ku ntchito. Olemba polojekiti, akatswiri Russian Ni Baryshnikov ndi N. K. Pyatnitsky, makonzedwe kutalika kotala ya kilometre kutali, koma mwiniwake wa nyumba pansi pa msewu anakana kugulitsa katundu wake kwa akuluakulu a mzinda, ndipo amayenera kubwereza ndondomeko ya, zowononga njira ya mayadi makumi asanu. Komabe, vuto ambiri, womwe ndi mpumulo wa Kiev moyo, anakakamizika kukwera kuchokera mphonje m'mphepete mwa njira ndi masitepe ndi mazana a njira, wakhala kuthetsedwa. Tram sanathe kupatsira zitunda phompho la Kiev. Pambuyo Odessa Kiev anakhala mzinda wachiwiri Russia, lomwe ndi dongosolo mwagwira m'gulu ndi chozizwitsa electromechanical monga nyamuka St. Michael (monga unali kutchedwa luso luso).

Kubadwanso kwa Masitima achingwe am'mapiri Kiev

Kiev Masitima achingwe am'mapiri ntchito mu maonekedwe ake chiyambi mpaka 1928, pamene, pa kukonza chizolowezi panali kulephera kwa ngolo zomwe, pakubwezeretsa pansi njanji ya phompho, anagonjetsa chachiwiri. Mu nkhani imeneyi, mwamwayi, panalibe ovulala koma nyumbayi ankafuna kukonzanso lalikulu. M'malo anakumana pakubwezeretsa, chingwe-mizere ndi dongosolo braking. Komanso, siteshoni m'munsi potsiriza udasokonezeka, ndipo njira ndi anawonjezera mamita wina 38. A mphamvu wagawo ongokhala awiri Motors DC ku Switzerland (kwa 65 L. S., 1903 lachitsanzo chaka), ndi chingwe pagalimoto pulley anatumikira mpaka chaka cha 1984.

Mu 1986, wachitatu kukhazikitsanso yaikulu inatha, amene mbiri yake kakusintha Kiev Masitima achingwe am'mapiri. malo Izi tsopano amanyamula galimoto Ambiri mwa anthu ndi kutalika mamita 75 pa liwiro la 2 m / gawo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka mphamvu mphamvu, anaika mphamvu 100 kW. The utali wonse wa njanji anafika 222 m. Ngolo achoke pa mphindi seveni. Tsiku lililonse, anthu pafupifupi 15,000 okwera ntchito fomu iyi ya kayendedwe.

Ntchito pokonzanso Masitima achingwe am'mapiri umachitika nthawi zonse, iwo ikukhudzana patsogolo chitetezo ndi kuzindikira anthu. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mbali zokongoletsa, chifukwa nyumba iyi kalekale mbali ya maonekedwe mbiri likulu la Ukraine.