Development ndi maluwa a Kievan Yairo

Kievan Lazaro - boma yaikulu ya Ulaya. Inakhalapo m'zaka za m'ma 9 chifukwa cha chitukuko mkati mwa mafuko Asilavo. Kievan Lazaro anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya East Asilavo anthu. Mu kukhalapo kwa boma kusanduka wakale Russian mtundu, omwe anakhala maziko a mitundu 3 mitundu - Russian, Chibelarusi ndi Chiyukireniya. Mgwirizano wa mafuko Asilavo chinathandiza chitukuko cha chuma, chikhalidwe ndi muzochitika ndale. Kievan Lazaro anatenga malo kutsogolera m'bwalo lonse. ojambula Close akhazikitsidwa ndi Czech Republic, Georgia, Poland, France, Ufumu wa Byzantine, England.

The heyday wa Kievan Yairo

Pa nthawi yaitali anali yodziwika ndi kugawikana a boma waukulu ku Ulaya. Akalonga sakanakhoza kubwera kwa mgwirizano kuthetsa mavuto yosavuta.

The heyday wa Kievan Yairo makamaka kugwirizana ndi kusintha achipembedzo amene akhala Prince Vladimir. Iye anazindikira kuti chikunja si mu zofuna za boma lamphamvu. Chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu ya chilengedwe zimatanthauza kulambira milungu yambiri. Ndipo Vladimir waganiza mphamvu zake kulimbikitsa kudzera Chikhristu. Motero, anthu Kievan Lazaro anamvetsa - ngati Mulungu m'modzi m'Mwamba, ndi kuti akhale mwayekha imodzi yokha - Vladimir. Adawakumbatira wachikhristu. Mwamsanga zitachitika izo, pafupifupi anthu onse walandira ubatizo. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity, mphamvu kalonga yalimbikitsa.

The heyday wa Kievan Lazaro ndipo anapitiriza mu ulamuliro wa Yaroslava Mudrogo. Naye kwambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kulimbikitsa udindo wa Chikhristu. Komanso, chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro afika mlingo wokweretsa. Nthawi imeneyi, yatembenuzidwa mabuku ambiri kuchokera Greek mu Old Russia. Mu Novgorod, sukulu unakhazikitsidwa, imene ana zana kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Mu Kiev, laibulale yoyamba Russia inakhazikitsidwa pa St. Sophia Cathedral. Sizoti ndi kumasulira kwa bukhu, komanso kulemba mbiri.

The heyday wa Kievan Yairo anali yodziwika ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga ndi kupenta. Ndi kuwala chitsanzo cha St. Sophia Cathedral. Iwo ulibe mnzake mu chikhalidwe chilichonse. Cathedral losiyana apachiyambi. Mosiyana ndi katswiri kamangidwe ka nthawi, Kiev Sofia si kukwera pamwamba pansi. pachithunzipa a frescoes yofunika ndi Zithunzi.

The mfundo yachilendo kwa Kievan Lazaro

Ntchito yaikulu akukumana wakale Russian akalonga:

- chitetezo cha zamalonda;

- nkhondo yolimbana steppe wongosamukasamuka;

- kulimbitsa kugwirizana ndi Ufumu wa Byzantium.

Mu nkhope kuukira zonse, kumuopseza ku wongosamukasamuka akalonga Lazaro zokhalamo mzere yodzitetezera. Choncho, pansi Vladimir malire amphamvu inakhazikitsidwa pa mitsinje monga m'kamwa, Sula chingwe. Kudutsa mzere yodzitetezera inamangidwa linga, mpanda.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 10, pakati Byzantium ndi Kievan Yairo anali pafupipafupi nkhondo. Mu njira zambiri, anagwirizana ndi kulimbana zamalonda, kuchepetsa chindapusa kwa amalonda akapeza mphamvu. Only mu 1046, mayiko awiri amphamvu European mwalowa pangano komaliza mtendere, zimene linasindikizidwa ndi ukwati wa Prince Yaroslav wa Kiev ndi mwana wamkazi wa Byzantine Mfumu Monomakh.

Akalonga a Russia wakale

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso Norman, Asilavo wakale mpaka m'ma 9 ankakhala mafuko kakang'ono popanda centralized. Ndiye iwo anatiitana kuti akwere akalonga Varangian, amene anaika maziko a mapangidwe boma wakale Russian. Nthawi imeneyi, Lapansili anaukira ndi wongosamukasamuka. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mmodzi mwa akalonga Varangian (Ruric) wamwalira. Location Kiev kalonga Oleg azigwira. Atamwalira Oleg wolamulira wa boma anali Igor.

A mbali yaikulu chitukuko cha Kievan Lazaro limabweretsa Vladimir. Iye osati ogwirizana dziko lonse lapansi, koma nayenso anakhala Mkristu.

Palibe malo zochepa kwambiri mbiri ya wakale boma Russian anatumizidwa Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya. Pamene Kievan Lazaro anafika pachimake: kulimbitsa ubale ndi mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi, panali yojambula mu dera chikhalidwe.

Pambuyo Duchy wa Yaroslava Mudrogo wachifumu ankadutsa Vladimir Monomakh, ndiyeno - kwa Yuriyu Dolgorukomu.

Kumene, pamene mkulu wa Kievan Lazaro anafika magulu a chitukuko, koma sitingathe kukana chakuti zinali pansi Vladimir ndi Yaroslav wakale boma Russian nditafika pachimake pa chitukuko.