Matenda a magazi: mndandanda wa owopsa

matenda a magazi ndi yoopsa, ambiri, zovuta kwambiri iwo onse osachiritsika ndipo amapha. N'chifukwa chiyani pathologies pansi dongosolo ndi zofunika kwambiri m'thupi, monga magazi? Pali zifukwa zosiyana kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale zimadalira munthu ndi kutsagana ndi kubadwa.

hematopathy

matenda a magazi ambiri ndi osiyanasiyana mu chiyambi. Iwo ali oyanjana ndi kudwala kwa kapangidwe ka maselo magazi kapena kulakwila ntchito zawo. Komanso, ena matenda bwanji plasma - gawo madzi, lomwe lili ndi maselo. Matenda a magazi, mndandanda wa zifukwa asayembekezere ali anafufuza madokotala ndi asayansi, ena alephera anatha kuzindikira kutali.

maselo magazi - maselo ofiira, maselo oyera ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. maselo magazi Red - maselo ofiira - kunyamula mpweya kwa zimakhala ziwalo mkati. Leukocytes - maselo magazi woyera - matenda nkhondo ndi zinthu zachilendo kulowa m'thupi. Othandiza - maselo colorless udindo clotting. Madzi a m'magazi - mapuloteni, viscous madzi, lomwe lili ndi maselo magazi. Chifukwa lofunika dongosolo zinchito magazi, matenda a magazi kwa gawo lalikulu oopsa ndipo ngakhale kovuta kuchiza.

Gulu la Matenda a m'thupi

matenda a magazi, amene ali wamkulu mndandanda zokwanira akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi dera lawo yogawa:

• Magazi m'thupi. Ulili pathologically otsika misinkhu hemoglobin (erythrocyte izi chigawo amanyamula mpweya).
• Hemorrhagic diathesis - magazi matenda.
• malignancies Hematological (Oncology kugwirizana ndi zotupa wa maselo a mwazi, lymph mfundo kapena mafupa).
• matenda ena amene sizikugwirizana ndi atatu pamwamba.

Gawo ili ndi ambiri, izo amauza matenda pamaziko a zimene maselo ikukhudzana bwanji ndi njira pathological. Gulu lililonse lili ndi matenda ambiri a magazi, mndandanda m'gulu gulu mayiko a Matenda.

Mndandanda wa matenda amene amakhudza magazi

Ngati inu lembani matenda onse a magazi, mndandanda ndi yaikulu. Iwo amasiyana zifukwa cha maonekedwe ake mu thupi, limatchula za kuwonongeka selo, zizindikiro ndi zinthu zina. Magazi m'thupi - ndi kudwala ambiri imagwira maselo ofiira a magazi. Zizindikiro za kuchepa magazi - kuchepetsa maselo a magazi ndi hemoglobin. Chifukwa izi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kupangidwa kapena lalikulu kutaya magazi. Hemoblastosis - ambiri a gulu la matenda zatenga khansa, kapena khansa - khansa ya m'magazi. Mu ndondomeko ya maselo matenda magazi akusinthika mu mapangidwe zilonda. Chifukwa cha matenda akadali si bwino. Lymphoma - Cancer monga matenda, njira pathological chichitike mu dongosolo lymphatic, kukhala khansa woyera maselo magazi.

Myeloma - khansa ya magazi amene plasma akuvutika. syndromes Hemorrhagic matenda kugwirizana ndi vuto la clotting. Kwenikweni, ali titadziwa, monga amapatsira mwana wake. Kuwonetseredwa ndi magazi mu mafupa, minofu ndi ziwalo. Agammaglobulinemia - cholowa akusowa mapuloteni seramu plasma a. Zimatulutsa otchedwa matenda zokhudza zonse za magazi, mndandanda kumaphatikizapo matenda zokhudza thupi osiyana machitidwe (m'thupi, lymphatic) kapena thupi lonse.

magazi m'thupi

Ganizirani kugwirizana ndi kudwala matenda a erythrocytes magazi (mndandanda). Kwina Kulikonse ambiri:

• Thalassemia - kuphwanya mlingo wa hemoglobin.
• Autoimmune hemolytic magazi m'thupi - amayamba ndi matenda enaake, chindoko. Mankhwala nonautoimmune hemolytic magazi m'thupi - chifukwa poyizoni mowa, ululu njoka, poizoni.
• Iron akusowa magazi m'thupi - kumachitika pamene kupanda chitsulo m'thupi, kapena imfa aakulu magazi.
• B12-akusowa magazi m'thupi. Chifukwa - ndi vuto losowa vitamini B12 chifukwa osakwanira kudya zakudya kapena kulakwila kuloŵerera wake. Zotsatira - kuphwanya dongosolo chapakati mantha ndi kapepala m'mimba.
• Folievodefitsitnoy magazi m'thupi - kumachitika chifukwa chakuchepa folate.
• Chikwakwa-selo magazi m'thupi - maselo ofiira ndi zooneka ngati zenga amene ali otengera kwa makolo matenda. Zotsatira - liwiro magazi, matenda a chikasu ndiyo.
• Idiopathic aplastic magazi m'thupi - chosowa minofu, kubereka maselo magazi. Zotheka pa walitsa.
• Banja polycythemia - matenda otengera yodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi.

Matenda Khansa M'magazi Gulu

Izi zili choncho makamaka matenda oncological magazi, mndandanda wa ambiri monga mitundu leukemias. Otsiriza, nayenso, anawagawa mitundu iwiri - pachimake (a ambiri maselo a khansa, ntchito osachita) ndi aakulu (maselo pang'onopang'ono magazi ntchito zimagwiridwa).

Pachimake myeloid khansa - kuphwanya mu gulu la maselo mafupa, kusasitsa awo. Malinga ndi matendawa, izi mitundu khansa pachimake:

• popanda kusasitsa;
• kusasitsa;
• promyelocytic;
• myeloblastic;
• monoblastny;
• erythroblast;
• megacaryoblastic;
• lymphoblastic T-selo;
• lymphoblastic B-selo;
• panmieloleykoz.

mitundu aakulu khansa:

• myelogenous khansa;
• erythromyelosis;
• monocytic khansa;
• megakaryocytic khansa.

Kodi n'komwe tatchulawa aakulu mawonekedwe a matenda.

Disease Letterer-Ziba - kumera maselo chitetezo ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, chiyambi cha matenda sakudziwika.

Myelodysplastic syndrome - gulu la matenda okhudza mafupa, monga Mwachitsanzo, subleukemic myelosis.

syndromes hemorrhagic

• Mwiniwakeyo intravascular coagulation (DIC) - anapeza matenda yodziwika ndi kuchuluka clotting magazi ndi thrombus mapangidwe.
• Hemorrhagic matenda a ana akhanda - ndi kobadwa nako kusowa kwa chinthu clotting chifukwa akusowa vitamini K.
• Akusowa zinthu clotting - zinthu akupezeka m'madzi a m'magazi, makamaka iwo monga mapulotini kupereka magazi clotting. Kuonetsetsa mitundu 13.
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (thrombocytopenic purpura matenda). Yodziwika ndi kudetsa khungu chifukwa magazi mkati. Kugwirizana ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana otsika magazi.

Akunde maselo onse magazi

• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Osowa matenda a khalidwe chibadwa. Chifukwa chiwonongeko wa maselo a mwazi ndi lymphocytes ndi macrophages. Pathological ndondomeko chikuchitika mu ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala, chifukwa cha khungu akhudzidwa, mapapo, chiwindi, ndulu, ubongo.
• syndrome Hemophagocytic chifukwa cha matenda.
• Cytostatic matenda. Kuwonetseredwa ndi selo imfa, ali mu ndondomeko ya kugawikana.
• Aplastic magazi m'thupi - kuchepa kwa chiwerengero kwa maselo magazi. Zogwirizana ndi imfa ya maselo m'mafupa.

matenda opatsirana

matenda a magazi chifukwa akhoza kukhala matenda kulowa m'thupi. ndi matenda a magazi ndi chiani? List of ambiri:

• Malungo. Infection kumachitika pamene udzudzu kuluma. Thupi ozama mu tizilombo bwanji erythrocytes, omwe chifukwa adzaonongedwa, potero kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, malungo, kuzizira. Kawirikawiri opezeka kumadera otentha.
• Sepsis - liwu ntchito pofotokoza njira pathological mu magazi chifukwa malowedwe mabakiteriya mu m'magazi lalikulu zedi. Sepsis chifukwa cha matenda ambiri - ndi shuga, matenda aakulu, matenda a ziwalo, kuvulala ndi mabala. Kutetezedwa bwino ndi sepsis - chitetezo chokwanira bwino.

zizindikiro

Zizindikiro Chitsanzo matenda a magazi - kutopa, kufupika kwa mpweya, chizungulire, utachepa kudya, tachycardia. Pamene magazi chifukwa magazi kumachitika chizungulire, kufooka kwambiri, nseru, kukomoka. Ngati ife kulankhula za matenda a magazi, mndandanda wa zizindikiro ndi motere: malungo, kuzizira, kuyabwa, kusafuna kudya. Ndi njira yaitali matenda anaona kuwonda. milandu kukoma opotoka ndi fungo Nthawi zina, monga B12-akusowa magazi m'thupi, mwachitsanzo. Pali ululu mafupa atamukakamiza (chifukwa khansa), anaonjezera lymph mfundo, kupweteka kumanja kapena kumanzere hypochondrium (chiwindi ndi ndulu). Nthawi zina, totupa pakhungu, magazi kuchokera mphuno. Mu magawo oyambirira a matenda magazi Palibe zizindikiro.

chithandizo

matenda magazi kukhala mofulumira kwambiri, choncho mankhwala ayenera anayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo matenda. Aliyense matenda ali makhalidwe yake yeniyeni, kotero chithandizo amaperekedwa pa nkhani iliyonse zawo. Chithandizo cha matenda a chikhalidwe oncological, monga khansa, zochokera mankhwala amphamvu. mankhwala ena - magazi, kuchepa kawopsedwe. Mu mankhwala a khansa ntchito magazi kupatsidwa zina maselo tsinde anachokera ku mafupa kapena magazi. Izi njira yatsopano pochita zinthu ndi matenda kumathandiza kuti abwezeretse chitetezo cha m'thupi ndipo ngati Musagonje matenda, kapena kuwonjezera moyo wa wodwalayo. Ngati mayesero amakulolani kudziwa magazi wodwalayo omwe matenda opatsirana, njira mndandanda umalimbana kwenikweni kuthetsa tizilomboto. Apa kuthandiza antibayotiki.

zifukwa

matenda ambiri a magazi, mndandanda waukulu. zimayambitsa awo ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, matenda kugwirizana ndi vuto la clotting magazi, amakhala cholowa. Iwo amapezeka ana. matenda onse opatsirana a magazi, mndandanda wa womwenso malungo, chindoko ndi matenda ena opatsirana ofalitsa matenda. Izi zikhoza kukhala ndi tizilombo kapena munthu wina, bwenzi kugonana. matenda Oncological monga khansa, ndi wa etiology osadziwika. matenda chifukwa magazi angathe kukhala poizoni nyukiliya kapena poizoni poizoni. Magazi m'thupi kumachitika chifukwa zakudya m'thupi, amene sasamalira zinthu zofunika ndi mavitamini m'thupi.