Maxim Gorky. Mndandanda wa zochitika za moyo ndi zokhazikika

Mutu "M. Zowawa. Ndondomeko ya nthawi ya moyo ndi chilengedwe »imakhala malo ofunika kwambiri mu sukulu ya mabuku. Wolembayo ndi mmodzi mwa anthu omwe adakondana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi 20, iye ndiye anayambitsa chikhalidwe cha Socialist m'mabuku a Soviet. Zolemba zake ziri zosangalatsa kuposa ntchito zake: ziri zodzaza ndi mavuto, ntchito, zovuta, zomwe wolemba anadutsa mu moyo wake wovuta.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ku Russia ndi Soviet ndi Gorky. Mndandanda wa zochitika payekha, woperekedwa ku zojambula zake, ziyenera kuphatikizapo magawo akulu, ofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake, woyamba mwawo ndi ubwana wake ndi unyamata wake. Wolemba wotchuka wamtsogolo anabadwira ku Nizhny Novgorod mu 1868. Iye anali mwana wamasiye wakale ndipo analeredwa ndi agogo olemera kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwanthawi zonse, mnyamatayo sakanatha kumaliza sukulu yapafupi. Anakakamizika kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse pofuna kupeza zofunika pamoyo wake. M'zaka za m'ma 1880 iye ankakhala ku Kazan komwe adayesa kulowa usiyunivesite. Pano iye anakhala mabwenzi ndi a Narodnik ndipo ngakhale anamangidwa.

Kuyambira kwa kulenga

Gorky, yemwe malemba ake akufotokozera mwachidule nkhaniyi, akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri ndi mavuto asanayambe kutchuka monga wolemba. Zaka za m'ma 1890 zinali gawo latsopano mu moyo wake. Zaka khumi zapitazi adayenda ulendo woyendayenda m'dzikoli, adayendera kum'mwera, adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi alembi. Koma chofunika kwambiri, kodi ndizochitika zotani zomwe akuphunzirapo panthawiyo? Iye akulemba nkhani zake, sizifalitsidwa osati m'nyuzipepala zokha, komanso m'madera oyandikana nawo. Amadziŵa Tolstoy ndi Chekhov, mabuku ake amakopeka ndi owerenga ndi otsutsa.

Dramaturgy

Wolemba masewero wotchuka wa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 anali Gorky. Mndandanda wa zochitika za moyo wake uyenera kuphatikizapo siteji yatsopanoyi pantchito yake. M'zaka za m'ma 1900 iye adayesa dzanja lake polemba masewera omwe sanamuthandize kokha-Russian, komanso mbiri ya ku Ulaya ("Mieschans", "pansi"). Ntchitozi zimayikidwa m'mabwalo otsogolera, achinyamata ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi adayankhulidwa ngati wolemba watsopano wapamwamba masiku ano.

Gome ili m'munsili limasonyeza zochitika zazikulu za moyo wa M. Gorky.

Kusamuka

Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1906 mpaka 1913, wolembayo anakhala ku ukapolo. Komabe, adachita chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'dzikoli, ndipo asananyamuke iye adakhala membala wa phwando la antchito. Kunja, akulemba buku lomwe linayambitsa maziko a chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu . Makamaka wotchuka chifukwa cha autobiographical ntchito Maxim Gorky. Mndandanda wa zolembedweratu uyenera kuwonetsanso gawo ili latsopano mu ntchito yake. Wolembayo akulemba trilogy za ubwana wake, unyamata wake ndi munthu wamkulu, kubwezeretsanso mu mawonekedwe azithunzi zomwe adafunikira kupirira panthawi ya kutayika, kunyalanyaza ndi kulimbana ndi umphawi.

Bwererani

Wolembayo adatenga chisinthiko cha Oktoba mwachidwi. Pa mbali imodzi, adali mchiyanjano ndi a Bolshevik, koma anali kutsutsa ndondomeko yawo kwa intelligentsia. Iye anachita nawo ntchito zapadera ndipo chifukwa cha khama lake ndi khama lake, asayansi ambiri ndi olemba anapewa umphawi ndi njala. Maxim Gorky, yemwe ali ndi ndondomeko ya moyo yowunikira nthawiyi, akupita kunja kwa zaka za m'ma 1920 potsata chithandizo cha mankhwala, koma kwenikweni chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi phwando. Iye ankakhala kumidzi yosiyanasiyana ya ku Ulaya, mpaka boma la Soviet linamuuza kuti abwerere kudzikoli.

Zaka zotsiriza za moyo

Ndondomeko ya nthawi ya moyo wa Gorky iyenera kukhala ndi gawo lomaliza la ntchito yake. M'zaka za m'ma 1930, adabwerera ku USSR, adayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama, naphatikizapo kulembetsa olemba a chitsogozo cha Socialist. Poyambirira, msonkhano wawo woyamba unachitikira, pomwe mndandanda wamakono watsopanowu unalengezedwa kuti ndi wamba komanso wokhawokha. Wolembayo anamwalira mu 1936. Chochitikachi chimathera patebulo. Moyo wowawa ndi ntchito mmenemo umasonyezedwa mu mawonekedwe apang'ono kuti mukhale oyenera kuloweza.