Mbewu - chimenecho ndi mtundu wa ntchito? Nthambi ndi ulimi

Kuposa kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za anthu dziko ankadya mankhwala amapereka makampani a kutsogolera ulimi - mbewu. Izi - maziko chachikulu ulimi wa dziko. Taganizirani matabwa ake ndi kulankhula za kupambana ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha chuma dziko.

makampani mbewu

The zomera ndi osiyanasiyana, choncho makampani ofanana limaphatikizapo m'madera ambiri. The akuluakulu ndi kupanga:

• tirigu;

• mbatata ndi zikhawo;

• mbewu mafakitale;

• masamba ndi mavwende;

• zipatso ndi mphesa;

• chakudya.

Taganizirani makhalidwe a mbali zomwe agulu lotsogolera.

kupanga mbewu

kulima mbewu akuchita gawo lalikulu la kupanga dziko la ulimi. Yobzalira dziko lapansi silingathe kulingalira popanda gawo ili pachimake. Monga chimanga mbewu pafupifupi zatenga oposa theka dziko olimapo dziko, komanso m'mayiko ena - pafupifupi onse m'deralo mbewu. Ndi zikhalidwe izi kupanga maziko a zakudya za anthu lililonse m'dziko, komanso chiwerengero yofunika kwambiri zakudya mu ulimi nyama.

Mapira ndi akutumikira monga chuma yaiwisi kwa mafakitale ambiri. World tirigu kupanga wafika matani 2 biliyoni pa chaka, ndi 1,6 matani biliyoni buku okwana wotanganidwa ndi tirigu, mpunga ndi chimanga. Tiyeni tikambirane za zikhalidwe chachikulu cha gulu limeneli.

tirigu

Mtsogoleri mu dziko kukula tirigu. A mbadwa steppes Arab, imathamanga akale zaka zikwi zisanu, ndi dziko la masiku wakhala olimba maziko a ntchito imeneyi ngati mbewu a. Izo sizingakhoze n'kofunika kwambiri. Kudzera mwa obereketsa anamasulidwa mitundu ya tirigu wamkulu mu dziko lero. dziko ikulu zaperekedwa kwa olimapo ili kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, pang'ono zing'onozing'ono kukula - mu South. Konsekonse anazindikira zigawo dziko pa kulima tirigu - zigwa American, kulumikiza kumpoto ndi steppes ndi Canada, olimapo dziko Argentina, Russia, China ndi maiko ena ndiponso mayiko. Yaikulu tirigu sapulaya ndi United States lero, Australia, Canada.

mpunga

Mu malo wachiwiri mawu a mbewu mpunga, chachikulu cha gawo lalikulu la anthu onse padziko lapansi, makamaka ku Asia. Mpunga - ndi m'munsi kwambiri chifukwa ufa, wowuma, mowa, kungotaya chuma izi zonse chakudya chakudya ziweto. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti anthu anayamba kukhala mpunga mu zigawo chapakati ndi kum'mwera kwa China choyamba Zakachikwi BC. e. Kulima mbewu imeneyi - luso lapadera mbewu, ndipo mwina si m'nyengo yotentha ndi chinyezi. N'chifukwa chake m'madera waukulu kulima tima mpunga ndi anaikira mu maiko akummwera ndi South-East Asia, kusiya kwa 90% ya zokolola lonse. Mtsogoleri yamphamvu pa mndandanda wa mpunga ndi China. opanga Major ndi Thailand, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Japan.

chimanga

Ntchito chimanga ndi kusintha kwambiri. Izo ntchito monga zikuluzikulu za United States ndi Western ku Ulaya ziweto chakudya mbewu. Mu Africa, Asia, Latin America ndi kum'mwera mayiko a ku Ulaya, ndi mbewu chakudya. Maize - chomera chiyambi Mexico, kumene chinafalikira padziko lonse. Kukula anaikira ake lero m'madera ndi ofunda, kotentha kapena subtropical nyengo omasuka. Chimanga waukulu kubala m'madera ali afesedwa dera America, anamwazikana mu kum'mwera kwa Great Lakes. Tumizani ake US, Canada, Brazil, Argentina ndi Australia.

Tuberous ndi mbatata

Zotchuka kwambiri ndi mbatata tubers - wochokera m'mayiko South America, nakulitsa lero mu mabacteria onse kotentha. Atsogoleri kupanga mbatata Russia, USA, Poland, China ndi India.

The yofunika ankaimba ndi Beet shuga ndi nzimbe zimalimidwa ku mayiko a mabacteria ndi otentha, monga China ndi Cuba. Pakuti mayiko ena osauka (Dominican Republic) chomera mankhwala ameneŵa - ndi maziko a malamulo onse. m'mayiko olemera musati kuchotsa kuposa chakhumi cha dziko nzimbe.

Vuto lina kupanga shuga Beet. kulima ake m'dera - kotentha M'madera a zitunda: pakati bandi mu Europe (limati membala EU ndi Ukraine, komanso United States ndi Canada). opanga Asian - Turkey, China ndi Iran.

oilseeds

Pakali pano, masamba mafuta opangidwa kuchokera oilseeds, chifukwa cha atatu alionse awiri kuchuluka okwana mafuta amadya dziko. Pakuti oilseeds ndi mtedza, zitsamba, rapeseed, mpendadzuwa ndi ena ambiri. Kukula kwambiri kupanga ndi mowa wa mankhwala a zomera panopa kugwirizana ndi M'MALO mu zakudya nyama mafuta chomera m'mayiko olemera ndi kupezeka wachibale wa mankhwala m'mayiko osauka.

Mtsogoleri kupanga mankhwala soya ndi United States, kusonkhanitsa mtedza - India, kukolola thonje ndi rapeseed - China.

m'mayiko osauka amene amalima mbewu gawo chidwi cha ntchito imeneyi, tsopano kwambiri kuchepetsa katundu mafuta mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe ndi chitukuko mofulumira makampani ake mafuta. Ndipo musati kugulitsa zipangizo ndi mankhwala chopangidwa kupanga yekha.

Culture, ali katundu zimandilimbikitsa ndi kuzindikira kwa iwo (tiyi, khofi, koko), kukula m'madera zochepa - mu mabacteria ndi otentha. kulima awo anaikira mu mayiko a kum'mwera kwa Africa Asian, kumene kutentha zimathandiza kuti kukhala mbeu. Izi Malaysia, India ndi ena.

olericulture

Pamodzi ndi tirigu, zipatso ndi masamba mbewu amachuluka mu chuma cha mayiko ambiri. Chidwi kukula kwa dziko wotanganidwa ndi kulima awo, pafupifupi kupikisana ndi mbewu ya tirigu. Pamene kukula azimuth lonse la mowa zamasamba ndi zipatso linanena bungwe lawo ndi imports akukulira lero.

Masiku azilandira ndalama ku msika dziko chiwerengero yokulirapo ya mafuta, zotsekemera, zipatso ndi mbewu zimandilimbikitsa kuchokera m'mayiko osauka amakhalabe sichinasinthe.

ulimi Non-chakudya

Mbewu, msika si chakudya, kusewera zofunika mbewu ntchito CHIKWANGWANI ndi mphira. Waukulu fibrous zomera ndi thonje, anazindikira utsogoleri kupanga amene amakhala wogawanika pakati pa maiko Asian, pang'ono pokha buku - boma American ndi African m'maiko.

Other chimodzimodzi wapatali CHIKWANGWANI mbewu - fulakesi ndi jute - iwo zatenga malo laling'ono kwambiri. kumpanda zoposa zitatu kupanga dziko la nyumba - mu Russia ndi Belarus, jute chakula Bangladesh. Opanga mphira zachilengedwe - kum'mwera chakum'mawa Asian Africa (Indonesia, Thailand). Pakuti osauka a ku Asia amakhala ndi kulima mbewu munali alkaloids - fodya, kumwa chamba. Izi anakhazikitsa pa mphindi dziko mbewu kupanga ndi malonda.

Features zomera ku Russia

Ngakhale kuti Russia - Dziko ndi aakulu kwambiri, odziletsa kwambiri nyengo, mafakitale ulimi izo konse lagged kumbuyo atsogoleri adziko kupanga shuga Beet, mbatata, masamba, njere ndi oilseeds.

ulimi chimakwirira pafupifupi m'magulu onse mbewu, kupatulapo kukula zomera zosowa monga koko, khofi, mitengo ya mphira.

M'banja olimapo dziko ali anaikira mu kotentha M'madera a zitunda chokhala - m'chigawo chapakati cha m'dera Volga, ndi Urals ndi Western Siberia, komanso m'madera kum'mwera Prikavkazya. Russian luso mbewu zambiri komanso zikuphatikizapo yopanga onse chakudya ndi mbewu mafakitale ndi chakudya. Ndipo nawo mbali iyi, pafupifupi onse olimapo mabacteria onse nyengo, kuphimba dziko.

Kukula mbewu monga chimanga ku Russia

Monga ulimi dziko, ntchito imeneyi ku Russia N'zosatheka kupanga mbewu, zambiri za zomwe ndi tirigu. madera akuluakulu olimapo, yabwino nyengo, mitundu mwachirengedwe kusinthidwa ndi miyambo ya kukula tirigu sanatero chabe monga maziko yopangira ufa, groats ndi processing wotsatira makampani kuphika, komanso wamphamvu zachuma zikuluzikulu za ulimi zoweta. Lero, Russia ndi mu dziko pamwamba atatu - tirigu sapulaya. Russia kakeko Mwachibadwa kukula onse chisanu ndi kasupe tirigu. Zokolola za mbewu yozizira kwambiri kuposa masika, koma ichi ndi chifukwa zinthu ndi madera kukula. Popeza mitundu yozizira ndi osatetezeka kwambiri ndi kutentha wachikondi, ndipo ndiye kukula iwo, monga ulamuliro, mu chakum'mawa kwa dziko, komwe nyengo bata.

Ofunika komanso otsika tirigu mu mawu kupanga Komabe, pang'ono ndithu, Culture - balere. Iwo ali pafupifupi kotala mu okwana yokolola. Monga chuma yaiwisi kwa makampani mowa ndi forage kwambiri, balere nayenso m'njira zambiri - n'zodabwitsa Hardy, ali ndi nyengo yochepa kukula, wakupatsani kuchotsa izo ndi sinawonongeke.

Mapira kupanga mu Russia si kulima tirigu ndi barele, monga mbewu - makampani (ichi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi thandizo pulogalamu boma), kuphimba m'madera ambiri. Cropland rye, Mapila, chimanga, mpunga, buckwheat ndi amakhala otsika mbewu mabuku tirigu, komabe malo mbeu, choncho, zokolola za mbewu izi pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka.

Kulima mbewu muzu ndi mbewu mafakitale ku Russia

Koma mbewu za m'banja - si mbewu mbewu yokha. dera chidwi ndi kulamulidwa ndi kubzala mbatata, mwamwambo m'gulu chakudya chathu. Koma tisaiwale kuti kulima malonda mbatata akadali otsika, monga Russia kwambiri kupeza zokolola apamwamba pa ziwembu payekha.

Wina mwaukadaulo wapatali, Mipikisano cholinga mbewu, wakula makamaka m'chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi - shuga Beet. Khalani kwa shuga, ndi zinyalala ndi yobwezeretsanso mankhwala ndi zowonjezera kwambiri mu ulimi nyama.

Sangathe kuganiza za mbewu mpendadzuwa ndiwo zopangira pafupifupi onse mafuta opangidwa ndi amadya Russia.
Zofunika, koma osati kwambiri zogwirizana, chifukwa zinthu zachilengedwe za dziko, m'madera - masamba kukula ndi kulima mavwende. Pachikhalidwe wamkulu Beets, kabichi, anyezi, tomato, kaloti, etc. Mu Orenburzhye ndi kutsikira Volga bwinobwino wamkulu mavwende -. Mavwende ndi mavwende. Mbewu kupanga - osati kuthetsa nkhani chakudya, komanso chitetezo cha dziko, umboni ndi mchitidwe wa boma kuthandiza alimi ulimi.