Mbiri ya ayisikilimu. Amene anatulukira ayisikilimu?

Ayisikilimu ndi mankhwala mazira zotsekemera, zimene zambiri kudya monga pogulitsira zakudya kapena mchere. Funso la amene anatulukira ayisikilimu si kophweka. kupanga ndondomeko yake wadutsa ndi kusanduka kwambiri. Masiku ano, Nthawi zambiri kwa mkaka - mkaka kapena kirimu - pamodzi ndi zipatso kapena zinthu zina mchere. Childs, kirimu ano zotsekemera ndi sucrose, chimanga madzi, nzimbe shuga, Beet shuga kapena sweeteners zina zotero. Lero, flavorings zosiyanasiyana ndi utoto ntchito kuwonjezera stabilizers.

osakaniza linatekeseka, kuwonjezera ku malo mpweya, ndi utakhazikika m'munsimu yozizira koopsa mfundo ya madzi kuteteza mapangidwe timibulu ayezi. Izi ndiye matanthauziro tingachipeze powerenga, koma ngati wakhala?

Ndi chiyani icho?

Kumvetsa mawu akuti "ayisikilimu" angathe kukhala osiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mawu monga akuti "yogurt mazira", "gelato", "sorbet", "custard mazira" ndi zina ntchito potanthauza mitundu osiyanasiyana ndi kakomedwe. M'mayiko ena, tanthawuzo la "ayisikilimu" amangonena za mtundu winawake wa mankhwala, komanso chiwerengero cha zosakaniza zofunika. Zakudya kuti satsatira akugwirizana ndi, amatchedwa "mchere mazira", ndi zina zotero. D.

Masiku ano, pafupifupi m'mayiko onse akhoza kupeza chakudya chokoma anapanga m'malo mwa mkaka wa ng'ombe. Choncho, kupanga izo kwa nkhosa kapena mkaka wa mbuzi, kapena kuwonjezera mmalo wake masamba (mwachitsanzo, soya kapena tofu).

Ayisikilimu angathe kutumikira mu ayezi kirimu mbale kudya ndi supuni kapena kapu ndi nyanga nyambititsa. Iwo angathe kutumikira ndi ndiwo zochuluka mchere zina monga apulo nthuza. Ntchito pophika zakudya zina monga milkshakes.

Nkhani ya goodies

Amene anatulukira koyamba ayisikilimu? Back mu 5 m'ma BC, Agiriki akale anadya chisanu wothira uchi ndi zipatso. zingawakhumudwitse Izi anagulitsa pa misika ya Athens. Hippocrates zonse zodziwika analangiza odwala kudya ayezi, kuganizira mofatsa njira kutsitsimutsa mphamvu kwambiri.

Mu 4 m'ma BC, Aleksandra Makedonskogo ankakonda azichitira anali chisanu wothira uchi ndi timadzi tokoma.

Achisanu mpunga mkaka osakaniza ndi ntchito 200 BC. e. mu China. The Chinese amathira chisakanizo cha chisanu ndi saltpetre pa chotengera wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Njira imeneyi Sachita ndi yozizira koopsa mfundo pansi pa ziro. Choncho zovuta kunena zimene atumwi anapanga ayisikilimu.

M'mayiko ena anali mbale ofanana. Mu 400 BC. e. Aperisiya komanso anatulukira wapadera chilled chakudya, zopangidwa duwa madzi ndi Zakudyazi, yomwe chinali pa ayezi pa chilimwe. Ice anali wothira duwa, zipatso komanso osiyanasiyana oonetsera ena anawonjezera.

Roman Mfumu Nero (37-68 AD. E.) Ndi ayezi panokha anapulumutsa otentha ndipo wothira oonetsera zipatso kulenga zophikiratu chilled. Ndithudi, sitingathe kunena kuti poyamba anabwera ndi ayisikilimu, koma Chinsinsi ichi - ndi zinachitika kwambiri a sorbet ano.

Ages Middle

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi Mongol mafumu ntchito okwera mwamphamvu kubweretsa ayezi ku Hindu Kusaya n'kumuika kuti Delhi kuti ntchito mu ndiwo zochuluka mchere zipatso. Motero, funso, anabwera ndi ayisikilimu, n'zovuta m'dziko lililonse. Koma chakudya chokoma ichi mwamsanga kuyamikilidwa akupitiriza kusintha.

Chitaliyana duchess Ekaterine Medichi ndiye ndi kuyambitsa ayisikilimu kwa Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma 16. Malinga ndi nthano zakale pamene Medici anakwatira Duke Orleans mu chaka 1533, iye anabwera France angapo ophika Italy amene ntchito maphikidwe kwa ayezi flavored kapena sorbet. Funso limene akwere ndi ayisikilimu kwa izi Chinsinsi, ndipo sichinayambe anafotokoza. Koma mchere analandiridwa bwino kwambiri.

patapita zaka, Charles I (Mfumu ya England) anadabwa kwambiri ndi ayezi mchere kuti akapereke wophika moyo penshioni ngati utumiki wa kuteteza ayisikilimu Chinsinsi chinsisi mchere chimenechi mwayi wapadera achifumu. Komabe, palibe umboni wotsimikizira kuthandiza nthano zimenezi, amene choyamba anaonekera zaka zana la 19.

Amene anatulukira maphikidwe ayisikilimu chifukwa misa?

Woyamba Chinsinsi flavored ayezi ku French anaonekera mu 1674 ku gulu lalikulu. Kuphika Nsonga sorbets anali kufalitsidwa mu 1694 mu m'njira zosiyanasiyana English, kenako mobwerezabwereza tinalisindikizanso. Poyamba pa malangizo awa akanakhoza kupanga mbale ndi kukoma yankhaza, ndi chunks lalikulu ayezi. Kenako, oyang'anira zophika amanena kuti kwenikweni ayisikilimu ayenera kugwirizana woonda shuga ndi finely anayamba kugwa chipale.

Kukula kutchuka

M'mayiko Mediterranean, ndi ayisikilimu latuluka kwa anthu onse kwa theka 2 zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Zingawakhumudwitse anali zotsika mtengo komanso ambiri mwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu England, komwe mu 1851 ndi emigrant ku Switzerland Carlo Gatti anatsegula shopu yoyamba Charing Cross, okonzeka ndi kuwonetsa yozizira apanga mwini. Njira imeneyi yakhala kwambiri, ndipo posakhalitsa kuwundana kunyamula anayamba kuoneka kulikonse.

Kuyankhula za amene anatulukira ayisikilimu, sitiyenera kuiwala za chithunzi monga Agnes Marshall, amene ankaona "Mfumukazi ndiwo zochuluka mchere" mu England. Iye mwachangu atchukitsa maphikidwe goodies ndi kulipanga yapamwamba mowa mwa anthu pakati kalasi. Panalembedwa mabuku anayi za ayisikilimu, ndipo ankakonda kupereka anakamba pa kuphika. Marshall ngakhale akatswiri ntchito asafe kukonzekera kwambiri chilled mchere.

mtundu watsopano

Wonyong'onya kugwirizana ayisikilimu kupangidwa mu 1870s ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba kufala. Zikuoneka kuti anabwera mu 1874 ophika wake American Robert Green, koma kwenikweni alibe umboni uliwonse zovuta izi. Kunena pamene ndi kumene kupangidwa ayisikilimu, nayenso, ndi wapadera. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi yoyamba anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa limodzi la mayiko Chingelezi. Padziko nthawi yomweyo, ophika angapo ankanena kuti dziko atalenga zipatso ndi mabulosi ayisikilimu, koma palibe Chinsinsi choyambirira waliteteza. Monga nthano, zipatso reinvent embodiments ntchito ngati mankhwala masamba.

Kukwera mu kutchuka

Ngakhale kuti palibe amene anatha kuyankha mafunso, zimene atumwi anatulukira ayisikilimu (ayisikilimu, sorbet, gelato), otchuka mu dziko ofunika pa zitumbuwa anatuluka mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 20 pambuyo wotchipa refrigeration zachilendo. Iwo anali mu zaka pakhala weniweni "Boom" kupanga oonetsera ayisikilimu ndi zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Mavenda zambiri mpikisano pamaziko zosiyanasiyana. Ndiyeno panali malo malonda amene amakhazikika pa chakudya chokoma ichi. The mtundu wotchuka wa lero ndi "Baskin Robbins", omwe analowa msika ndi 31 kukoma, ndipo sasintha miyambo. The kampani chiphiphiritso - kukoma kwa tsiku lililonse la mwezi. Panopa, kampani monyadira kuti adalenga mitundu oposa 1,000.

zofewa ayisikilimu

A yapadera kwambiri anali kuyambitsa m'zaka za m'ma 20, zofewa ayisikilimu, amene wapangidwa ndi mpweya kwambiri. Komanso, kupanga luso lake ndi chotero kuti ndalama ndi kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. pofuna kukwaniritsa zofewa kupanga ayisikilimu kwachititsa kuti zikamera makina wapadera, embossing misa mu kokulumunya phirilo. Lero, chakudya chokoma ichi chikuperekedwa ngati malo palokha kugula, komanso mu Intaneti chakudya kudya.