Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha sewero "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Na Ostrovsky

zaka 50-60 la XIX m'ma - nthawi m'malo ovuta kwa onse Russia. Analowera ndi mavuto yotakata zosangalatsa zomwe zinachitika mogwirizana ndi zikamera wa asilikali watsopano ovomereza-demokalase ndi mainstreaming wa serfdom. Against maziko awa, mokweza akulankhula za zotsutsana alipo pakati pa mibadwo ndi vuto la akazi Russian maganizo m'mudzi akadali ofala ambiri a dziko.

Mu zinthu zovuta, kudalembedwa, kenako anaikidwa pa siteji, ndi lofalitsidwa zokopa kwambiri zaka mankhwala Ostrovsky.

Dongosolo la ntchito pa sewero

mafunso ambiri mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho". Mwachidule akhoza anafotokoza motere.

Ostrovsky, osalephera, wayamba ntchito mankhwala mu July 1859 (Mulimonsemo, pambuyo pake mwezi uno), ndipo kumayambiriro October, anatumiza lemba wokonzeka kuti ilembedwe. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mpukutu woyambirira weniweni akadali kusungidwa mu Russian State Library. Patatha mwezi umodzi, sewerolo ndikuika pa siteji Petersburg: November 16 linayamba kuonetsedwa pa Maly Theatre, 2 December - mu Alexandria. Chaka chotsatira inafalitsidwa mu "Library Kuwerenga" (mu №1), kenako lofalitsidwa ndi buku.

Zochita za maganizo pang'onopang'ono kwa maonekedwe a sewerolo

Latsopano sewero anali kale wotchuka "Columbus Zamoskvorechye" linakwaniritsidwa ndi namondwe wa maganizo ndi ndemanga, onse zabwino (mwachitsanzo, kuwunika N.Dobrolyubova, I.Goncharova, P.Pletneva) ndi chiweruzo (Tolstoy, A. Fet). Ambiguously anazindikira latsopano mwana Ostrovsky ndipo anazindikira pamene D.Pisarev wotsutsa, anabwera pa nkhani imeneyi pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana mikangano ndi Dobrolyubov. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, "The Mphepo" muyaya pakati pa masewero yabwino Wolemba wina wa. Koma mphotho chenicheni ndithu chachikulu Uvarov linapereka kuperekedwa ndi olemba yekha chifukwa cha ntchito otchuka moona zinalembedwa kuti siteji.

Nkhani ndi zilembo

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha sewero "Mvula ya Mkuntho" kukuchitika chifukwa choti zochita za sewero kuti inachitikira m'tauni yaing'ono ndi dzina wokongola Kalinov, yomwe ili pa magombe a Volga. Atakumana, zikuoneka kuti ndithu zogwira mtima: malo zazikulu, kupereka mtendere ndi bata. Imodzi mwa mau oyamba kuti omvera amva kuchokera m'dzikoli: "Kukongola" Koma ngati inu kufufuza maganizo a m'nkhaniyi ndi mlengalenga ambiri a kusintha. Wolemba wina mwaluso poyera zoipa za anthu, moyo kwa zaka Domostroi malamulo. Choncho, mwina, ndi dzina la mzinda - Kalinov, anachokera folklore Russian. Ndi chizindikiro okhazikika bwino, "lowoneka" dziko, zomwe ndi zovuta kusiya.

Ndipo pakati pa "choyipa" ndi mphamvu ya munthu limapezeka, amene anaganiza motsutsana boma lawo - Katerina. heroine tsoka chisoni, chifukwa komabe si amapeza anthu kapena zokometsera (ankaimira Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemweyo), zimathandiza kuti chiyambi atasemphana. Mnyamata, imene amaona chimwemwe tsogolo lake ndi moyo wabwino, nawonso wamantha, kusazindikira moona Catherine. Pa nthawi imene anawononga mfundo makhalidwe abwino, n'kovuta kupeza amachirikiza imfa msungwana.

Kusemphana chiyambi cha nkhani

Ziganizo za prototypes ndi nkhani zochokera ntchito zotsutsana kwambiri. Choncho, chifukwa Kostroma kulenga mbiri ya "The Mphepo 'kumathandiza mwachindunji anali zokhudzana ndi nkhani za posachedwapa oopsa mzinda wawo. Zina amanena kuti zinachitika Catherine akhoza bwino L.P.Kositskaya wolemba. Anthu amene panokha ankadziwa Wolemba wina, amakhulupirira kuti maonekedwe a "Mphepo The" - zotsatira za Ostrovsky kuyenda motsatira Volga.

Yemweyo ankayambitsa ndi zotere?

Vuto la banja canine

Malinga ndi buku loyamba, mbiri ya "The Mphepo" zidutswa kugwirizana ndi chochitika mu mzinda wa Kostroma. Kumayambiriro kwa November 1859 ankakhalako mmodzi mwa anthu okhala mumzinda wa Aleksandra Klykova, amene anali ndi zaka 19 zokha. Kenako mtembo wake opezeka madzi a Volga, ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi okondwa mlandu. Akuti Mabaibulo awiri: kudzipha kapena kupha ndi kuyesa kubisa upandu. Kufufuza anasonyeza kuti mtsikana anakwatira posachedwapa, ndipo iye anagwera mu banja wamalonda amene kwathunthu chogwidwa wopondereza ndipo palibe wina akukhulupirira malamulo. Anakulira ina, Alexander analephera kuti mulimbane ndi tsoka lake ndi kukhazikika ku banja latsopano. Iye sanali kupeza thandizo mwamuna wake - wofatsa, omvera, kuzungulira mayi otsika. mfundo zonsezi mosavuta anaonekela sewero. Ndicho chifukwa pambuyo buku anaonekera mu Kostroma am'deralo mosalekeza ikunenedwa chakuti chilengedwe cha "The Mphepo 'kumathandiza mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi moyo wa canine banja. Ngakhale kunapezeka ina kuti mankhwala zalembedwa mwezi pamaso pa tsokalo, ndi wosewera yemwe amaseweretsa powonekera m'deralo kwa nthawi yaitali amapanga basi pansi canine zisanu ndi ziwiri. Malo pa gombe la Volga, amene ankati analumphira mu madzi Caterina Alexander ali mwa chidwi m'deralo.

Mkuntho - ndi sewero munthu Ostrovsky?

Baibulo lina lokhudza zinachitika khalidwe waukulu, amagwirizana ndi chizindikiro lemba la Wolemba wina wa. Pafupi Catherine monologue, imene limatiuza Varenka za maloto ake, iye anati: "ndazimva kwa LP za maloto lomwelo ... "Pakuti LP kubisala wotchuka Ammayi L.P.Kositskaya, lomwe ndi Ostrovsky, osalephera, abale. The awiri - banja anthu wokakamizidwa kubisa chikondi. Akatswiri kufotokoza kulengedwa kwa kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky n'kumaona kumasulidwa izi, amanena kuti mfundo yakuti kwa nthawi yoyamba udindo wa khalidwe lalikulu ili ankaimba Kositsky. Wolemba wina A amadziwika, Ndimakonda kusankha zisudzo za zisudzo za ntchito zake pa Maly Theatre.

A ulendo pamodzi Volga

Pomaliza, munthu wina wachitatu ndi zambiri Nkosatheka Baibulo - nthano ya "The Mphepo" zidutswa kugwirizana ndi ulendo wa mlembi wamkulu Russian mtsinje.

M'miyezi yotentha, zaka 1856-57 Ostrowski nawo ulendo wa Russian Society Geographical pa Volga. Iye anapita midzi yambiri ili pa a mtsinjewo, anakumana ndi analankhula yaitali ndi anthu am'deralo, ndi kuphunzira mwapadera za miyoyo yawo. Ostrovsky akuona zithunzi zambiri zikuchitika mu mabanja ena ndi mzinda wonse. Iye anali ndi chidwi ndi mfundo zazing'ono, zomwe kenako kusanthula mu nkhani "Ulendo pamodzi Volga."

Kumatikumbutsabe panali amenewa amapezeka mu sewero: chilankhulo moyo wa anthu, mmene zochitika za kulumikizana pakati pa anthu (omwe, poyamba, nthawi zambiri mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chiwembu, koma bwino zimaonetsa m'mlengalenga wonse wa mzindawo), zokongola limeneli, ndi maphwando osiyana, makamaka moyo. Zonsezi chikutsimikizira kuti mbiri ya sewero "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky zimachokera ku kuzipenya wake ndi kuyesa kuti adzaone zomwe wamoyo anthu Russian, lomwe likuletsa chitukuko cha dziko lonse Russian kukhazikika.

Wolemba wina, wamasomphenya?

Choncho, tsoka zimene zinachitika Kostroma mu kugwa kwa 1859, anali kuganizira Ostrowski ankadziwa makamaka moyo wa amalonda Russian mu zaka za m'ma XIX. Izi ndi zinthu mmene zingachitike banja aliyense wamoyo gawo lalikulu la boma la Russia. Wolemba wina bwinobwino amaonetsera nthawi pamene magulu akale chikangamirire ku kucheza ndi kuyesa mwa onse kusunga mphamvu zawo, ndi watsopano, monga akutulukira, kulowa nkhondo ndi phiri, yomwe zotsatira adzaona tsoka la Russia. Against maziko awa si ofunika kwambiri chimene chikugwirizana ndi mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho". Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti zikhoza kukhala chiyambi cha kusintha mwapang'onopang'ono mu moyo wa dziko.