Mbiri ya chinenero: Russian amene anatulukira zilembo?

"Kodi kuyamba kwawo", mu mawu a nyimbo yakale ndi moyo? Ndipo chimayamba ndi ang'ono: kukonda lilime mayi, ndi zilembo. Tonsefe kuyambira ali mwana anazolowera inayake makalata zilembo za chinenero cha Chirasha. Ndipo monga ulamuliro, kawirikawiri ndikuganiza: pamene ndipo kodi zinthu kumeneko kulemba, munthu wina anafika ndi zilembo Russian? Ndipo komabe kukhalapo ndi maonekedwe a m'kalata - ndi yosaiwalika ndi lofunika kwambiri kusasitsa mbiri ya fuko lirilonse mu dziko, zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha chikhalidwe chake mitundu ndi abwino. Nthawi zina anataya mu chifunga mayina enieni ndiAmene kulemba za anthu. Koma kulingana Asilavo izo sizinali choncho. Ndipo amene anabwera ndi zilembo Russian, wodziwika mpaka tsopano. Tiyeni ife, ndipo ife tipfundze pizinji anthu awa.

Kodi zilembo?

Mawu "zilembo" lachokera ku awiri oyamba makalata a Greek makalata Alpha ndi beta. Amadziwika kuti Agiriki akale kuika kwambiri khama chitukuko ndi kufalitsa kulemba m'mayiko ambiri European. Amene anatulukira alifabeti yoyamba mu mbiri ya dzikoli? Izi zinachitikadi, asayansi kukangana. The kungoganizira chachikulu - "ABC" Sumeri, omwe amapezeka pafupifupi zikwi zisanu zapitazo. Wakale kwambiri (kudziwika) ankaona alifabeti Chinese ndi Aigupto. Kulemba akukula zojambula zizindikiro, osatembenukira ku kachitidwe mawonekedwe. A zizindikiro anasonyeza kukhala phokoso.

Development wa Kulemba mu mbiri ya anthu sangathe kukambapo. Mu chilankhulo cha anthu, zolemba zake zimaonekera moyo, moyo ndi nzeru, mbiri yakale komanso anthu otchulidwa m'nthano. Choncho, kuwerenga zolemba zakale, asayansi masiku ano recreate zimene banali.

Mbiri ya zilembo Russian

kulemba Asilavo ali, munthu anganene, ndi magwero wapadera. Mbiri ya anthu ake za zaka chikwi, amasunga kwambiri zinsinsi.

• Mu nthawi yachikunja pakati pa anthu Asilavo analipo zolemba anatchula mbali kapena mabala. Notches ndi mipiringidzo anapangidwa mtengo (wapadera Tags).
• Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Vladimir wa Chikhristu (zoona, mwambo umenewu zinachitika kawiri: choyamba - ndi Olga, mu 957, wachiwiri - ndi Vladimir, 988) Russia sizikanatha kuchita popanda mabuku zimene zinali zofunika kwambiri pa kulambira (hymnals ndi Lives) . Komabe, atsogoleri Greek sanalankhule mu Russian. Popeza moŵa n'kofunika kutumiza mapemphero a tchalitchi m'zinenero zawo ndi kumasulira Baibulo ndi malo ena woyera.
• Kusintha kulambira mu Chisilavo ndi kuyembekezera kupezeka mabuku, Asilavo chinenero zolembalemba monga mabuku a Mulungu otukwana tsiku ndi tsiku sibwenzi zinachititsa kuti kukopedwa molondola zili.

Kirill Ine Mefody

Ndi maina awa chilengedwe cha zilembo Pali kugwirizana kwa funso la amene anapanga zilembo Russian. Tiyeni tibwerere ku m'ma IX. Pa nthawi (830-906) Great Moravia (Czech dera) anali mmodzi wa mayiko akuluakulu a ku Ulaya. Ndipo Byzantium linali likulu la Chikhristu. Moravian Prince Rostislav mu 863 amatanthauza Mikayeli Chachitatu, mfumu Byzantine pa nthawi, ndi pempho kukachititsa mapemphero a mu chinenero Chisilavo kulimbikitsa chikoka cha Chikhristu Byzantine m'chigawochi. Mu masiku amenewo, Dziwani, mwambo anapita yekha mu zinenero zimene anasonyeza pa Yesu mtanda, Chihebri, Chilatini ndi Chigiriki.

Byzantine wolamulira poyankha pempho anatumiza kwa iye Rostislav Moravian ntchito wapangidwa ndi awiri Chimonko, abale, ana a mfulu Greek, amene ankakhala komwera mowa (Thessaloníki). Michael (Methodius) ndi Constantine (Cyril) ndipo amaonedwa ndiAmene boma cha Asilavo zilembo utumiki mpingo. Iye dzina lake polemekeza Mpingo wa Cyril ndipo analandira dzina "Chisililiki". Constantine yekha anali wocheperapo Michael, koma ngakhale m'bale anazindikira nzeru zake ndi ukulu nzeru. Cyril ankadziwa zinenero zambiri ndi katswiri luso oratory, ndi nawo mikangano achipembedzo mawu, anali lolinganiza zodabwitsa. Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, zinamupatsa (pamodzi ndi m'bale wake ndi ogwira zina) kulumikiza ndi lithe deta, kupanga alifabeti. Koma mbiri ya zilembo Russian inayamba kale ntchito Moravian. Apa pali chifukwa.

Amene anabwera ndi zilembo Russian (ABC)

chakuti mbiri yakale apeza mfundo zosangalatsa: asanachoke abale analenga zilembo Asilavo, ndi bwino ndinazolowera kunyamula mawu Asilavo. Iye ankatchedwa Chigilagoliti (anali reconstituted pamaziko a makalata Greek ndi zinthu cha Chikoputiki ndi zilembo chiyuda).

Chigilagoliti ndi Chisililiki?

Asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ambiri a iwo kuzindikira mfundo yakuti choyamba Chisilavo zilembo akali Chigilagoliti zilembo, analenga Cyril akadali 863 mu Byzantium. Iye anafotokoza mu mwachilungamo nthawi yochepa. Ndi ina yosiyana ndi wina yapita, zilembo za Chisililiki kupangidwa mu Bulgaria, patsogolo pang'ono. Ndipo mpaka pano, pali mikangano za olemba a imeneyi, mosakayikira, mwala wapangodya wa kuyambitsa kwa ambiri mbiri Asilavo. Pambuyo mbiri mwachidule za Russian zilembo (Chisililiki), chiri motere: m'zaka za chakhumi, izo likulowerera kwa Russia kuchokera Bulgaria, ndipo kwathunthu olembedwa fixation wapangidwa kokha m'zaka XIV. Mu mawonekedwe ano - kuchokera cha m'ma XVI.