Mchere Moscow dera. Migodi ndi akuphwanya (Moscow dera)

Nthaka, zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi zachilengedwe a m'dera Moscow zochokera chakuti mawonekedwe zoyambirira za m'dera anapanga siteji neotectonic. Moscow kwa zigawo zake chithandizo yunifolomu. Mu kumpoto, kumadzulo, ndi kumpoto chimakhala chogwidwa ndi kung'ambika lalikulu, mmene Urals kum'mwera, pamene kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa chithunzi, mitsinje ndi zochepa "anapatsa" m'chigwa flattened.

Mu Moscow dera kuchokera kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa kumpoto kum'mawa kuyambira kum'mawa m'mphepete mwa Oka-Moscow zomwe zili, limene umasamutsidwa ku Moscow-Oka okulira (ndi oimbira Teplostanskoy okwera) ndi Klin-Dmitrov Ridge. mpumulo ali makamaka ankaimira mapiri mtunda, kudutsa mu matendawa,. The chimbuzi m'dera Moscow sakhala patali ndi Mozhaisk mosungiramo, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamita 310.

Mudzi akubwereza dongosolo mobisa

Moscow zimachititsa chilumbachi ake kumagwirizana ndi kapangidwe tectonic. Apa pali dontho m'dera kuchokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa malangizo kumpoto, kubwereza mphamvu ya zigawo za miyala kuti kugona pafupifupi horizontally ndi simuli gulu la nyumba tectonic. Choncho, Moscow dera zambiri amanena zigwa, omwe Mwina ka yatsoka zivomezi.

Zimaswana dera anapeka makamaka wa mchenga ndi clays

Kodi zinthu zili choncho akhoza kupangidwa mchere? Mpumulo wa dera la dera Moscow akusonyeza kuti derali lili pafupi kwathunthu pansi glacier m'masiku otsiriza Ice Age. Pankhaniyi, ndi kuti m'madera ayezi wapita za 70-100 zikwi zapitazo, ndipo kuchokera kudera kumpoto chakumadzulo - zaka 10 zikwi zapitazo. Region "ofunika" mwina pa malo wakale kutumphuka (Archean-Proterozoic nthawi), ndipo nsanja iyoyomwe dongosolo awiri wosanjikiza. Wosanjikiza pansi, "maziko," Amakhala gneiss, granites, migmatites.

Pamwamba iye «chivundikiro» imene imafikira ndi phindu kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 Km, ndipo ali mu m'munsi wosanjikiza structural cha mantha, wandiweyani clays, silts, pafupifupi pa zaka mamilioni - kuchokera miyala, dongo, dolomite, pamwamba - a m'dambo clastic, umaimiridwa ndi mchenga ndi clays.

M'zigawo mchere: Moscow dera - osati malo olemera

Moscow imatchedwanso kuti palibe miyala ya ena machitidwe miyala. Mwachitsanzo, ku nyengo Paleozoic anapeza madipoziti yekha Mathanthwe, Devonian ndi Carboniferous nthawi ya nyengo Mesozoic pali umboni wa Jurassic ndipo Cretaceous, pamene zizindikiro za Triassic ayi, koma kayonozoe anapeza mabwinja Paleogene (Neogene ndi Quaternary pano). Choncho, mchere wa dera Moscow sangakhale olemera ndi osiyanasiyana kuchokera mfundo za miyala ya view. Komabe, iwo akwanitsa yotengedwa.

Peat amaika kumam'phunzitsa

Total m'chigawo pali mazana asanu malo "kudzikundikira Nthawi zakale" ali yotsatira pamwamba ndi kukonzedwa. Mu malo oyamba (ntchito ndi nkhokwe) - ndi kuwaika munda amene chiwerengero cha pafupifupi 1700 wapezeka makamaka Dmitrovsky ndi Mytischinsky m'dera ndi pafupi Mytischi. Peat ndi zinthu kuyaka amene anapanga ku chithaphwi Moss zinthu zatsalira (ndiko kumene "wothandiza" lowland Moscow). Zomera zinthu waterlogging si kwathunthu linakwiriridwa kupereka mankhwala theka ongokhala mpweya, chomwe chimathandiza phindu calorific 24 MJ pa kilogalamu akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati manyowa, ndipo kutchinjiriza ena.

Chotero malasha zothandiza Moscow Region monga peat, amapangidwa makamaka mphero njira (corrugations tadulidwa kufanana pansi ndi ongoyendayenda kuyanika). Njira ina - Excavator - sichidziwika wamba. Russia ali ndi nkhokwe wachiwiri kukula kwa peat bogs (150 mln. Matani), zomwe Komanso akhoza kuwonjezeredwa (pafupifupi mamiliyoni 260. Matani chaka), kotero makampani ali maganizo ena.

Sand kuti amangire

mchere wa dera Moscow - ndi mchenga (miyala ndi zipangizo mchenga), popanda zomwe silingachite ndondomeko yomanga iliyonse. zipangizo malasha mu Moscow dera yotengedwa mu maenje zachilengedwe ndi kupanga kudzipereka kapena kuchapa mtsinje mchenga ndi apamwamba mchenga miyala mu mawonekedwe woyera. Yotsirizira lili zosafunika ambiri mu mawonekedwe a organic, dongo, fumbi, khwatsi mbewu, chotero ntchito yomanga msewu, etc. osambitsidwa ndi mtsinje mchenga ndi zigawo ochepa extraneous ntchito popanga konkire, njerwa kwa zosakaniza ntchito kumalizitsa ntchito, etc ..

zipangizo Optics mkulu-kumapeto

Mchere Moscow dera zikuphatikizapo komanso otchedwa "galasi mchenga" (kumpoto kwa chigawo Lyubertsy). Iwo anati kochulukira kuchuluka kwa silika (silika) kuti amalola kubala mkulu-chiyero galasi, kuphatikizapo kuwala. Galasi mchenga ndi mokwanira osowa zachilengedwe Koma feedstock zakonzedwa ndi zawachitikira zambiri zipangizo wosavuta (kutsuka attrition, mu atomu kupatukana).

Little chitsulo, titaniyamu ndi lignite

Mchere wa dera Moscow, ndiwo mndandanda wa ang'ono, monga madipoziti ka zitsulo ndi titaniyamu (Serebryanoprudsky ndi Serpukhov chigawo). Miyalayo chafotokozedwa pano makamaka "bog chitsulo," womwe unakhazikitsidwa pa mzinda wa madambo wakale kapena floodplains. Pano wakuya pa dongo wolemera mu chitsulo ndi madzi okhathamira mchikakamizo cha chitsulo inasanduka interlayers makulidwe kuchokera masentimita angapo mpaka mita, amene lero akhoza yotengedwa ndi kukonzedwa.

Komanso, zithaphwi wakale, kumene mitengo ndi lawola peat-kupanga zomera inakhazikitsanso ena nkhokwe ya bulauni malasha, koma iwo ang'ono, yopanda phindu malonda ndipo osati panopa otukuka. Ngakhale lignite amadziwikanso zinthu kuyaka lili mpaka 70 peresenti ya mpweya angakhale ndi zopangira kwa makampani mankhwala a.

Clay mu Moscow kwambiri, ndipo ndi yosiyana

Chinanso mchere gwero la dera Moscow - ndi dongo. Ndi njerwa (alipo pafupi kulikonse mu dela la mzinda) ndi refractory (anapeza makamaka kum'mawa). Chimake choyamba ndi earthy dongo thanthwe inhomogeneous mankhwala zikuchokera ndi tinthu kukula, kukhala cohesion mkulu, tackiness, kutupa m'madzi, mphamvu za mtundu uliwonse ndi kusunga pambuyo kutentha mankhwala. Za zinthu zina njerwa, matailosi, khoma mapanelo, njerwa ndi simenti, etc .., Iwo anawonjezera kuti konkire, ntchito ngati zikuthwanima nkhani madamu. Variegated zitsanzo ferruginous clays angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa inki mchere kukonzekera wotsatira wa utoto. Large miyala ya zipangizo zopangira akupezeka pa Ascension ndi, Zarajsky, chigawo Domodedovo, ndi ena.

Mafupa kuti akhoza kukhala wamtengo

Mchere wa dera Moscow ndi processing awo kulola kuti zinthu zimene chizindikiro cha Russia. Izi makamaka Gzhel madipoziti mbiya dongo, amene ntchito dongo kujambula cobalt pa maziko woyera. Gzhel ntchito, kuwonjezera pa Mipikisano wachikuda dongo zadothi, amadziwika kuti ndi zipolopolo awo belemnite, Amoni, ndi miyala imene pali brachiopods, crinoids wa wakale, miyala yamtengo wapatali kakang'ono.

Apa pali wakale pakachitsulo ndi malire buluu ndi pakati pa mithunzi ambiri a chokoleti bulauni, mwatsala khalidwe la kalikedo, geodes wokongola finely crystalline khwatsi, ndi kalikedo. Zinthu zimene tatchulazi si yotengedwa mwaunyinji, ngakhale ena njira mchere Moscow dera. Koma mtengo wa zitsanzo zimenezi, ngakhale chakudya chochepa zina angakhale wodalirika, ndipo nthawizina wapatali pofukula amazionera.

mafupa wakale wa mollusks - yomanga amakono!

Dera Moscow akadali wolemera? Mchere madipoziti kuchokera kalasi "zipangizo carbonate yaiwisi" bwino zinkaimira. Izi makamaka monga laimu kuti anapanga chifukwa zomwe zinachitika mu nyanja wakale, omwe anayamba kupezeka m'dera Moscow. Ndiye, monga ankaganizira, anali malo m'madzi ena kutentha (pafupifupi 25 madigiri) ndi amenewa (35 promille) ndipo anayamba mmenemo ndi kuchuluka kwa matanthwe. Koma kusintha m'chigawo cha beseni m'madzi zinachititsa kuti imfa ya zamoyo, amene anali kunja Mbali yokhala ngati mafupa. Zinali iye amene anali maziko madipoziti wamphamvu multimeter miyala ya laimu, amene ncho mu Shchelkovo, pansi m. .. Gorodnov, anthu d Mountain pa Pirochinskom kumunda, Popov phiri, etc. The nkhani ntchito makamaka zomangamanga, yopanga konkire, kupeza laimu - ndi binder chigawo, zosinthika chabwino angagwiritsidwe ntchito chosema.

Mchere wa Moscow Region si yosiyanasiyana, koma Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito nsomba, ndi kumanga, ndipo ngakhale kupanga zibangili. Mu gawo ambiri ali sanali zongowonjezwdwa, kotero ayenera kudyedwa mouma ndi yotengedwa ndi zotsatira kochepa likuwonongekera chilengedwe.