Kuwonjezeka ndi njirayi?

Ambiri mwa anthu padziko lapansi amalota maulendo, ulendo wapadera, zochitika pamoyo wochuluka. Zokongola ngati zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira kuti "kukonzekera" kwa maloto kukwaniritsidwe. Sikokwanira kukhala ndi pasipoti kapena matikiti mu thumba lanu - pali zina zambiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira. Mmodzi wa iwo angatchedwe kuti inculturation.

Kodi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidziwitso, kusonkhezera ndi njira yophunzitsira munthu wina ku chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe ndi malingaliro a dziko kapena dziko linalake.

Ndipotu ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimafunika osati ulendo wokha, komanso zachitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, manja ndi mawu ena m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala ndi tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri. Popanda kudziŵa bwino, munthu angathe kukhumudwitsa interlocutor mosazindikira ndikusiya kukhulupilira kwamuyaya. Njira yowonjezerapo zinthu pazochitikayi ndi yotsutsana ndi zochititsa manyazi zomwe munthu angakumane nazo pamene akukhala kunja kapena ngakhale kudziko lakwawo.

Kuwonjezera phindu

Mu ndime yapitayi, ndondomeko ya inculturation inafotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe ambiri. Kuti agwirizane ndi mtundu uwu wa maphunziro, munthu safunikira kusonkhanitsa sutikesi ndi kugula matikiti ku mayiko a Asia. Kuwonjezerapo, m'malo mwake, ndikumvetsetsa chikhalidwe chanu. Pachifukwa ichi, timatanthawuza zenizeni za makhalidwe ndi zochitika m'dziko lonse lapansi. Uwu ndiwo mtundu wa umunthu womwe umapangidwira pakati pa mtundu wina, podziwa zochitika, miyambo ndi zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe zomwe iye adapeza.

Kuyanjana kwa chinthu chamtundu

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndondomeko ya inculturation ndi njira ziwiri. Chimagwirizanitsa makina osiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe monga nthumwi ya anthu ena ali ndi zotsatira zina pa chikhalidwe. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, pakukula ndikukhala munthu, ndizo chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe chake chomwe chimapanga mapangidwe a munthu aliyense.

Zikuphatikizapo maphunziro

Mwachindunji, ndondomeko yotsatilapo ikuphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zofunika kuti mudziwe umunthu ngati nthumwi ya mtundu wina, mtundu wina. Choyamba, izi ndizo umunthu wamba, luso lofunikira, khalidwe la onse okhala ndi chikhalidwe china. Izi zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro za makhalidwe, kusintha kwa mawu ena kapena osalankhula, kuzindikira zamakhalidwe ena, njira za khalidwe pazochitika zina.

Mwachidziwikire, lingaliro la kukhumudwa pozindikira malingaliro a dzikoli m'mayiko ena akuphatikizapo chiwerengero chomwecho, ndi kusiyana kokha komwe njirayi imachitika mwachibadwa m'gawo la dziko lanu.

Ndipotu, munthu wa m'dziko lake sangokhala ndi ufulu wosankha ndi chikhalidwe. Kuyambira ali mwana iye wamupeza, akuwutenga ndikupeza moyo wake wonse.

Ndikumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha mayiko ena, zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri: izi zimafuna nthawi yochulukirapo, zakuthupi, zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo, popeza momwe dziko lathuli silinangowonjezeredwa, komanso kusintha kwathunthu.

Zamkatimu za lingaliro

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino zomwe zimachitika pa nthawiyi, ziganizo zing'onozing'ono ziyenera kuchitidwa pa zonsezi. Kuwonjezeka ndikutenga nzeru, luso komanso luso lothandizira moyo wa chikhalidwe china. Pankhaniyi, sitimangotanthauza ntchito zapamwamba chabe, komanso ntchito zapakhomo, msonkho komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwa nthawi zofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera kuntchito ingatchedwe chitukuko cha munthu: malingaliro ake a dziko lapansi, malingaliro ake pa iye, kupanga ntchito zomwe amakonda, zosangalatsa muzojambula, njira zosangalatsa kapena, mwachitsanzo, maganizo pa chipembedzo.

N'zoona kuti, kuphatikizapo maluso ndi kuyanjana kwa luso loyankhulana ndi anthu oyandikana nawo, kuyanjana nawo. Pankhaniyi, timatanthauza njira iliyonse yolumikizirana pakati pa munthu ndi dziko lozungulira.

Pomalizira, ndiko kukhazikitsa maziko enieni a chidziwitso ndi zokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha thupi lanu, mawonekedwe kapena zovala. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mafuko omwe ali ndi mwambo wokuyika pamphete ya mphete za amayi. Pogwirizana ndi gulu linalake, ntchito zoterezi zidzatengedwa ngati zachilendo, ndipo padziko lonse lapansi izi zidzatengedwa ngati zachiwawa ndipo zidzapangitsa kuti aweruzidwe.

Socialization ndi Inculturation

Poyamba, tanthawuzo la mau awiriwa likhoza kuwoneka, ngati silili lofanana, mofanana kwambiri. Zoonadi, zimasiyana kwambiri. Khalidwe lachikhalidwe ndi kusokonezeka ndi mtundu wa njira zowonjezera, zomwe zili ndi cholinga chimodzi, koma zimakhala zosiyana. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malingaliro awa.

Kusiyana kumeneku ndikowonekeratu ngati kukhudzidwa ndi njira yophunzirira chikhalidwe cha munthu kapena chikhalidwe chake. Socialization mu nkhani iyi idzachita monga chiphunzitso chotchedwa chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kuchulukitsa, kukhudzidwa ndi chiyambi cha miyambo, malingaliro a dziko lapansi, zenizeni za kuganiza kwa oimira miyambo yachilendo, kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza zoyenera zawo.

Mchitidwe wa socialization nthawizonse umapita mofulumira ndi mwachibadwa. Sichimafuna khama lina lililonse ndipo lingakhale loyang'ana mwachidule. Zonse zomwe munthu amafunikira ndizo kuzindikira zomwe zimakhalidwe ndi kuzibwezeretsa.

Kuwonjezeka kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe kumapereka ndalama zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumafuna zoyesayesa zowonjezera kuti pakhale phunziro linalake lachikhalidwe.

Khalidweli ndi kusokoneza umunthu, monga tazitchulidwira kale, pita kufanana, koma kutsogolera zotsatira zosiyana.

Njira zofunikira za inculturation

Monga momwe zimakhalire pakati pa anthu, njira yeniyeni yophunzitsira miyambo ya chikhalidwe ndiyo kutsanzira, kubwereza pambuyo pa otsogolera chikhalidwe. Chitsanzo chowonekera cha zochita zotero ndi khalidwe la anthu omwe sali ndi malamulo oyenerera pa phwandolo. Pofuna kuti asamawonekere, iwo amangopanga zofanana ndi ena onse, odziwa zambiri pankhaniyi.

Njira zowonongeka, makamaka, n'zosavuta: kuyang'ana ndi kubwereza. Ndipo izi sizikugwirizanitsa ndi mfundo zenizeni monga makhalidwe a chikhalidwe, komanso zochitika zowonjezereka: cholowa cha miyambo yachikondwerero, kukumbukira kulandiridwa kapena kufotokozedwa, kufotokozera mwambo.

Chombo chokhacho kwa munthu pamsewu wophatikizapo kukhutira kwathunthu ndikumangokhalira kukhumudwa komanso kuopa kulakwitsa, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kudzipatula komanso kusakhumba ngakhale kuyesera kuti alowe mu chikhalidwe chimodzi.

Khalidwe lachikhalidwe ndi kukondweretsa kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yowonjezera - kulankhulana molunjika ndi wogwira chikhalidwe. Pankhaniyi, tikukamba za munthu amene ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, amakhala wophunzitsira yemwe akufuna kuti alowe nawo kapena chikhalidwe. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti izi sizitanthauza kukhala munthu weniweni yemwe angayambe kudziwitsidwa pamutu wa wophunzirayo. Pankhaniyi, ndi njira yokambirana, kutanthauzira malamulo ena, omwe ndi ofunika. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi mamembala, maulendo oyendayenda kapena odutsa.

Ngati tilankhula za kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kusonkhezera ndi kusonkhana, tiyenera kuzindikira kusiyana kwa zotsatira zomwe tapeza. Socialization ndi njira yokhala ndi kukhazikitsa pakati pa anthu, monga momwe munthu amakhala munthu. Kukulitsa ndi njira ya kusakanizirana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo chifukwa chake - kukhazikitsa umunthu wanzeru.

Mitundu ya kusokoneza

Musanalankhule za magawo enieni a ndondomeko yowonjezereka, zitsulo zina ziyenera kupangidwa: chikhalidwe chikhoza kumvetsetsedwa. Pankhaniyi, ndondomekoyi idzayamba malinga ndi zochitika zina - tiyeni tizitcha mkati mwa inculturation. Ntchito yofanana koma yosiyana - kumvetsetsa miyambo yamayiko ena - ndiko kutchedwa inculturation kunja.

Zotsatira za Ndondomeko

Kutsitsila mkati kumagawidwa mu magawo awiri: oyambirira ndi apamwamba. Izi zimayambira pafupi kuyambira kubadwa kwa mwanayo. Kuyambira ali mwana, makolo, mamembala, alangizi, aphunzitsi amaphunzitsa ana makhalidwe ena, kuzindikira zochitika, khalidwe la moyo ndi zina zotero. Choncho, kuyambira ali mwana, munthuyo amakhala ndi njira yozindikira chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi kuzindikira akuluakulu. Zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kuyesayesa kwina - munthu sagwiranso ngati siponji ya chidziwitso ndi kumverera, iye mwiniyo amabwera kwa iwo, amazipeza yekha. Zitha kunenedwa, izi ndizo zowonjezereka, kukula kwa chimango. Motero, tinganene kuti lingaliro la kukondweretsa kumaphatikizapo nthawi yomweyo zofanana ziwiri koma zosiyana.

Kutsimikizika kwakukulu

Kuti tiwatsimikize bwinobwino tanthauzo la lingaliro, tiyenera kudziŵika kuti kukondweretsa mu maphunziro a chikhalidwe ndi njira yodziwira chikhalidwe cha anthu ake. Kugwirizana kwa zikhalidwe zina mu sayansi kumatchedwa acculturation. Komabe, ochita kafukufuku ambiri samapanga kusiyana koteroko ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawu amodzi, kumvetsa tanthauzo lake.

Zotsatira za inculturation

Mwachibadwa, kumvetsetsa nthawi zonse zikhalidwe zina mwa munthu kumabweretsa zotsatira zina. Choyamba, ndiko kukhala ndi chikhalidwe china chomwe chimapanga umunthu. Kuwonjezera apo, izi sizikhala ndi chiyambi kapena mapeto, kotero kuti njira ya makolo yotsitsimula imapereka njira zomwezo kwa ana, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kwa mbiri yakale, miyambo ndi zikhalidwe za kukhazikitsa mtundu wina. Iyi ndi njira yopanda malire yosungira ndikulitsa chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi anthu.

Ndi njira yokhayokha yomwe imalola munthu kupeza chinachake chomwe chidzamulekanitse ndi dziko lonse lapansi, kumupangira iye wapadera. Ndicho chifukwa chikhalidwe cha Chisiyana n'chosiyana kwambiri ndi America, chifukwa chake zikondwerero za Khirisimasi n'zosiyana pakati pa Akatolika ndi Orthodox, ndipo Asilamu salipo konse.

Kuwonjezereka ndi kusonkhanitsa kosatha kwachitikira mtundu wonse kupyolera mu ndende ya munthu mmodzi yekha, kulandira chofunikira kwambiri, chofunikira kwambiri pa chikhalidwe chanu. Ndikumangika nthawi zonse, kufalitsa ndi kuwonjezera kwa chidziwitso ndi zokhudzana ndi moyo, dziko lapansi, Mulungu, dziko lozungulira, mbiri, mabuku ndi zina.

Zitha kunenedwa kuti kukondweretsa ndi njira yokhala munthu mwa munthu, wotchedwa ngati gawo la anthu.