M'dera la Australia. Australia pa mapu. NKHANI Australia

Boma la Australia lili Africa yemweyo, ndipo ena mwa zilumba ozungulira, yaikulu imene ndi Tasmania. M'dera la Australia ndi 7.682.300 makilomita lalikulu. dziko Motero ali mamita lalikulu 7.617.930. Km. Gombe akutambasula makilomita oposa twente-faifi sauzande.

Australia Square mu chigawo chapakati cha Africa mukukhala m'dera kwambiri otsika, zomwe ndi Nyanja Eyre mabeseni ndi Murray Mtsinje. Komanso, pali chigwa Nallabor. Chakumadzulo Magawo wotchuka Great Western Plateau - m'dera anai aakulu zipululu: Gibson, Simpson, Wamkulu Sandy m'chipululu Wamkulu Victoria.

Makamaka Australia kodi dziko kakang'ono madzi abwino. Ambiri mwa mitsinje zili kum'mawa kwa Africa, kuphatikizapo Wokondedwa, Murray ndi ena. Madzi, amene ali pakati ndi kumadzulo, youma yotentha.

The madzi mu nyanja kwambiri mchere. Yotero ndi lalikulu la iwo - Air. Ndi mamita khumi pansi pa nyanja.

anthu

Ndi dera, Australia kumtunda ndi oposa asanu ndi miliyoni theka makilomita lalikulu. m'gawo lake ndi lokhalamo anthu 23,625,130 (monga wa July 2014). Nthawi zambiri Azungu - 95%, otsala 5% ndi mbadwa ndipo amwenye (4% ndi 1%, motero). The chinenero chake ndi Chingelezi.

Amadziwika kuti anthu akale anatengako zina mwa Australia Square zaka zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo. Amaganiza kuti iwo anadza ku Papua New Guinea ndi ku Indonesia chilumba.

Anthu oyambirira anali makamaka zikugwira kusaka ndi kusonkhana. Nthumwi za mibadwo yambiri wotsatira ayamba mwachangu kukhazikika pa kumtunda komanso zilumba pafupi, kutsegula gawo latsopano. Ngakhale luso ndi wosazindikira zamakono, potengera ntchito miyala, mitengo ndi fupa, komanso moyo wauzimu anali kale pa mlingo mkulu. Choncho, ambiri ankalankhula zinenero zingapo ndipo nthawi zina mwachirengedwe kutali magulu a mafuko bungwe chitaganya.

Panopa, Australia m'dera katswiri chathunthu. Otchedwa mawanga woyera pa dziko alibe. Komabe, 89% ya anthu - okhala m'tauni. N'chifukwa chake Australia ndi chimodzi mwa mayiko ambiri urbanized mu dziko. Wapakati moyo amayembekezeka kwa zaka 2005-2010. Zaka 81,6. Ichi ndi chithunzi chidwi.

chipembedzo

Dziko alibe chipembedzo. anthu ambiri - Akristu. Monga wa 2006, 25,8% ya anthu ena a Chikatolika. zikhulupiriro lina lalikulu - Anglican (18.7% ya anthu). Komanso, dziko ndi kwawo kwa Apresbateria, Adventists, Achipentekoste, Amethodisti ndi Chipulumutso Army, Abuda, Islamists ndi Ayuda.

misonkhano ya mpingo mlungu uliwonse anachezeredwa ndi anthu pafupifupi hafu miliyoni. Yofunika kwambiri mu moyo pagulu ankaimba ndi Mabungwe osiyanasiyana Mkhristu ndi Mudzipatala. dongosolo sukulu Katolika bwino kwambiri anayamba. ana asanu miliyoni ndi theka analembetsa mabungwe maphunziro. Mpingo wa England ali chinkhoswe mu maphunziro za zana chikwi achinyamata. 48 masukulu logwirira ntchito maukonde wa United Church.

nyengo

Udindo Hrs nyengo Australia limapangitsa kusiyana kwambiri mbali zosiyana za dziko. Choncho, mu kumpoto chimakhala chogwidwa ndi boma yamphamvu, mu chapakati ndi kum'mwera - yamphamvu nyengo. Taganizirani nyengo makamaka Australia. pafupifupi pachaka kutentha kumpoto kwa dziko ili mu osiyanasiyana madigiri 23-28 Celsius. Zolemba malire mpweya (mpaka chikwi ndi mazana asanu millimeters) ndi m'chilimwe. Ombani youma yozizira chisanu, zikubweretsa chilala. Pankhani zigwa nyanja komanso otsetsereka mkulu, ali wothira ndipo ndi zofewa nyengo ofunda. Kutentha kwa mwezi otchulidwa mu Sydney ndi pafupi twente-faifi madigiri, ndi kunkafika pachimake - khumi ndi madigiri ndi chizindikiro "kuphatikiza".

Mu zigawo chapakati ndi kumadzulo kwa nyengo kumtunda ndi otentha m'chipululu. M'chilimwe (December kwa February) thermometer ambiri maola masana ndi pa kuzungulira makumi atatu madigiri kapena basi pansipa, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira akutsikira mfundo khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu. M'chigawo chapakati cha Africa m'chilimwe ngakhale motentha - ku makumi asanu Celsius. Pankhaniyi usiku kutentha akhoza kusiya digiri ziro. Little mvula mu gawo ili la dziko - millimeters mazana awiri kapena atatu pachaka.

Nyengo m'madera kum'mwera kumadzulo ofanana ndi Mediterranean Spanish ndi French. Monga ulamuliro, chilimwe ndi otentha ndi youma ndi nyengo ndi lonyowa ndi ofunda. Kutentha chaka chonse zimasiyanasiyana pang'ono.

Flora

Udindo lawolawo la Australia makamaka nyengo dziko zinachititsa kuti kufala kwa youma kukoma zomera - mbewu wapadera, ambulera mthethe, bulugamu ndi mitengo botolo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wa TH 12. Mitundu ya TH mbadwa zomera 9. Kodi kuderako, ndiko kuti, lingapezeke pa Africa pansi kulingalira.

nkhalango zotentha za gawo kumpoto kwa dzikolo monga bulugamu, mitengo ya kanjedza, nkhuyu ndi m'nkhalango nsungwi. Kum'mwera savannah zone zachilendo gulu la m'mitengo ambulera acacias. Pansi kufalitsa wandiweyani udzu chivundikirocho. Mu gawo kum'mawa kwa dzikoli likulamuliridwa ndi nkhalango subtropical yobiriwira ndi zambiri horsetails mtengo, Mumapezekanso ndi mitengo yayitali bulugamu ndi mamita makumi awiri zimayambira.

zomera

The zomera za dziko amati lapadera. Ndipo onse chifukwa cha 9/10 mitundu yonse nyama zimapezeka kokha pa Africa zodabwitsa otchedwa Australia. Kangaroo chlamydosaurus, koalas ndi platypuses zimapezeka kokha pa dziko lino. Mwa nyama marsupials kwambiri (osati mitundu zosakwana zana ndi makumi awiri). Dziko ali zambiri mileme, dingoes ndi makoswe. Komanso, pali moyo dzira-atagona nyama, otchedwa moyo mafupawa - ndi echidna ndi platypus.

Koma ungulates, anyani nthumwi za magulu nyama, iwo alibe kumtunda. Koma Australia anatchuka chifukwa ambiri mbalame - emus, cassowaries, Zinkhwe cockatoos, nkhunda korona, medososov mbalame, swans wakuda, mbalame za paradaiso Lyrebird. Kwambiri zachilendo zokwawa - abuluzi ndi njoka-asalidy. Amazing wokhala yuzhnoavstraliyskih mitsinje - Queensland Lungfish - lungfish wina m'mapapo.

The chipangizo boma. zipani

Australia ndi boma boma aphungu dzina zonse - Commonwealth of Australia. Federation tichipeza limati asanu - Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, South ndi Australia Western, New South Wales. Komanso pansi ulamuliro wa Commonwealth zilumba za Ashmore ndi Cartier, Macdonald ndipo anamva. Christmas, Cocos Islands ndi Miyala Sea.

likulu ndi Canberra. Woyamba mu January 1901 dzikolo linalandira ufulu wodzilamulira, pamene nthawi yomweyo, izo Zatsala membala wa British Commonwealth. malamulo zachokera lamulo wamba England. Australia Tsiku ndi holide ya dziko, m'pamene makumi awiri ndi chimodzi cha January.

Mphamvu wamkulu akapatsidwa wa mfumu British, Kazembe-General ndi Nduna, amene mitu nduna za Atumiki. Yamalamulo anapanga Senate ndi Nyumba ya oimira.

Pakati zipani zandale ndi kulemera wamkulu kwambiri mu boma, kuonetsetsa Party Australia Democrats Australia Labor, ndi Osaumira Party wa Australia Party National la Australia.

Economics

State losiyana chuma kwambiri kuyambira. Pakuti chizindikiro ichi, angafanane ndi maiko Western European. Munthambi wofunika kwambiri mafakitale ndi migodi, zitsulo, mankhwala, chakudya ndi magalimoto. About asanu peresenti ya GNP kupereka ndalama ku ntchito ya zaulimi. Waukulu ndi mbewu ndi barele, tirigu, zipatso ndi nzimbe. Paliponse zimaŵetedwa monga nkhosa dziko, monga Australia. Komanso, pali ambiri ulimi wa nkhuku ndi ng'ombe.

Ndalama ndi dollar Australia. Mwa ophatikidzana waukulu malonda - US, New Zealand, United Kingdom ndi Japan. padziko lonse lapansi katundu wa tirigu, ubweya ndi ng'ombe, ndi amagulitsa wachiwiri kukula wa nkhosa - ndi Australia. M'dera m'dzikoli ntchito pazipita mu pofuna chitukuko ogwira zachuma ndi mkulu mlingo wa anthu athanzi.

nkhokwe zachilengedwe

Resources a Australia madzi sitinganene kuti olemera. Ankaona Africa - ndi driest mu dziko. The mitsinje ikuluikulu pa Africa si kokwanira. Kodi chidwi chikutanthauza Australia? Murray Mtsinje - ichi ndi chachikulu madzi mtsempha wamagazi a dziko. makhwawa yaikulu - ndi Goulburn, Wokondedwa ndi Murrumbidgee. Iwo kusiyana ndi pa olemera kwambiri mu nyengo ya chisanu kusungunuka mu mapiri, koma yotentha ndi shallowing kwambiri. Madamu zimamangidwa pafupifupi makhwawa. Murray, pafupi ndi iwo bungwe posungira ntchito ulimi wothirira wa minda, meadows ndi minda.

Nyanja sitinganene kuti chuma madzi dziko lalikulu, T. Kwa. Iwo makamaka silty, osaya ndi mchere, koma ndi anzake ena amatunga chodabwitsa kukopa. Mwachitsanzo, Hiller - yowala pinki nyanja pa Middle Island chilumba. Mtundu kodabwitsa kwa madzi sangasinthe. Asayansi sanapeze malongosoledwe kwa chithunzi ichi. No zochepa chidwi ndi kuunika nyanja Gippsland, mu Victoria. Mu 2008, anthu ambiri apamwamba tizilombo Noctiluca scintillans (nochesvetok) analembedwa apo. Ichi chinali chinthu chosowa anati osati m'deralo, komanso wojambula zithunzi Phil Hart. Munthuyo anali kuti nthawi zonse kuponya miyala mu madzi mumpanda wowala pamwamba pa madzi chifukwa zachilendo luminescence tizilombo kuyankha ndendende zimene zikuchitika kunja.

Area Australia ndi awiri okha peresenti ndi mitengo - chuma ku dziko, kwambiri, pang'ono. Komabe, iwo kukopa apaulendo ambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake zachilendo. Nkhalango zotentha mvula, onse m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Miyala, sanapezeke kwina kulikonse.

Waukulu zachilengedwe chuma cha dziko N'zoona, chuma mchere. Dziko kwambiri nkhokwe dziko la bauxite ndi zirconium. Komanso , dziko ndi wachiwiri kukula ureniamu migodi ya malasha. Mu Tasmania, anapeza madipoziti pulatinamu. Australia (pa mapu kum'mwera chakumadzulo m'dzikoli) wolemera golide. Pa m'dera la New South Wales ncho diamondi, bismuth, antimony ndi faifi tambala.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Ochuluka a makolo Australia Aaborijini woyamba anakakhala za zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo. Popeza Australia ndi madera akutali ku dziko lonse, anthu ameneŵa ndi wapadera chipembedzo ndiponso chikhalidwe cha miyambo. kontinenti The anatulukira ndi azungu okha pa chiyambi cha m'ma XVII. Woyamba anali wa ku Netherlands Yanszon. Mu 1605, iye anafika Gulf of Carpentaria (kumpoto kugombe). Chifukwa Kupititsa remoteness ya kulamulira kwa Australia linayamba mu 1770. Ndiye Dzheyms Kuk anatenga m'malo mwa Mfumu Bay. Kenako, Suli kutali ndi malo izi padali mzinda wa Sydney.

Mpaka 1840, Australia pa mapu a dziko lapansi sanali zonse kunachitika boma, koma malo nkhani ukapolo wa mfumu British natsutsa ntchito ya kalavulagaga. Mu 1850, madera m'dera anakhala ndi ufulu wodzilamulira wa British Korona, ndi zaka khumi kenako iwo anapanga palokha Commonwealth of Australia. Dziko chinayamba pa script wake. Komabe, mbiri ya Australia kwa nthawi yaitali n'zogwirizana ndi England. Choncho, boma wapereka thandizo yokulirapo ku British pa Choyamba ndi Chachiwiri World nkhondo.

Australia Time

Ankaona Africa ili mu mabacteria atatu nthawi. Mu nthawi m'chilimwe Brisbane ndi Sydney patsogolo Moscow kwa maola asanu, ndipo Perth - anayi. nthawi Local ku Australia komanso umasiyana boma boma.

Zosangalatsa

Alendo ambiri amakopeka ndi nyanja kum'mawa kwa dzikoli. Wotchuka kwambiri Gold Coast achisangalalo ndi magombe zodabwitsa ndi zinthu pafupifupi abwino kukasambira. Okonda zinthu chikhalidwe, nayenso, sadzakhala nazo. Mwachitsanzo, ku likulu la dziko, mukhoza kukaona Museum la masiku amakedzana Nicholson, Australia Museum ndi Museum National Maritime. Melbourne wotchuka kwa Gallery National wa Victoria, apa ndi wotchuka National Herbarium ndi Royal Botanic Gardens. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zina ofunika poona?

• Makamaka wotchuka ndi alendo Great Barrier Reef. Iye ndi dongosolo zotsogola wa moti matanthwe ku dziko ndipo imakhala zilumba 900 ndi 2900 am'nyanja munthu kukhala ndi malo okwana makilomita lalikulu 344.400. Izi ndi lalikulu pa mapangidwe dziko Tingaone ngakhale kuchokera mlenga lenga. Malowa ali pamtunda pa Nyanja Miyala, kuchokera kumalire a kumpoto m'dzikoli.
• The Sydney Opera House inayamba mu 1973. Panopa ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zambiri kuzindikira za dziko. Nyumba iyi ali ngati ngalawa kuposa nyumba ochiritsira a dziko lapansi.
• Ku New South Wales Blue mapiri. Iwo anapanga kuchokera sandstone ndi zigwa chidwi akuya mamita oposa mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu. Kwenikweni, pali mwakula Mumapezekanso mtengo ndiponso m'mitengo. Mountain nalo dzina lake zodabwitsa chifukwa cha mkulu wa ndende inaimitsidwa nkhaniyi mpweya mafuta zofunika bulugamu allocated.
• Oddly, koma mu Kakadu National Park palibe Chingolopiyo. Iwo nalo dzina lake kuchokera ku fuko m'deralo. Mitundu mderali wapadera ndi zidzasintha: paki wazunguliridwa ndi zitunda zazitali koposa ndi ledges, adzatsekeredwa kubisala m'paradaiso pa dziko kunja. N'chifukwa chake m'gawo lake anthu nyama zimenezi, zomwe sizipezeka pena paliponse pa dziko - polulapchatye atsekwe, Brolga, barramundi ndi ena.
• Ngati kukongola m'tawuni sichichititsa inu anasangalala ndipo amalingalira za kutetezedwa zinyama akuti kusungulumwa, kupita Barossa Valley - waukulu vinyo dera m'dzikoli. Mungapezeko kulawa ndi zakumwa zodabwitsa, ndi kuti nawo zikondwerero yaikulu.

Tinganene Nkhani kufotokoza Sydney Aquarium. Monga kwambiri Australia, iye ndi wapadera. Chotero maofesi yaikulu mu dziko kulibenso: ngakhale losavuta chithunzithunzi popanda kuima pa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ambiri adzatenga maola osachepera atatu ndi theka. chionetserocho lagawidwa mabacteria ndi madera - Wamkulu Barrier Reef, Southern ndi kumpoto Mitsinje, Southern nyanja. Khomo Aquarium ndi n'kosatheka kuti muzindikire, chifukwa ili m'kamwa mwa malire nsombazo improvised.