M'dera Schengen

Panopa, dera Schengen wapangidwa 25 ku Ulaya kuti ndi sanachedwe kuvomereza pangano la dzina chomwecho. Pamaziko a mgwirizano umenewu sinyamukanso pasipoti ndi miyambo amazilamulira pakati pa ophunzira onse woyendera nthambi, ndi anthu akhoza kusuntha momasuka mwa madera a wina ndi mzake. Yosainidwa ku Luxembourg pa bwato ulendo pafupi ndi tauni ya Schengen mu 1985.

Kwa zaka zambiri, chiwerengero cha mayiko nthawi zonse kusintha, kuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Poyamba, imakhala ndi panafika m'mayiko 5: Germany, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, ndi Netherlands nalowa mphamvu pa 03.26.1995, anakumana ndi mayiko wina 2: Spain ndi Portugal. Kenako mu 1997, Schengen zone (mayiko Austria ndi Italy anakhala gawo) inkakhala limati naini. Pangano la Amsterdam anasintha yokulirapo kwa mapangano EU, madalitso ake malamulo.

Mu 2000, inalowa Greece chachitika popanda Phiri Athos, ndipo mu 2001, kumaphatikizapo amati: Scandinavia, Sweden ndi Finland ndi sanali EU mamembala Norway ndi Iceland. Mu 2006 anatengera Borders Code, amene alikukonzeka watsopano 2010 ndipo anawonjezera chida kumangako monga pasenjala chitupa cha visa chikapezeka "B" gulu.

Kukula lalikulu chinachitika mu 2007, pamene dongosolo la m'gulu Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic ndi Estonia. Mu 2008, dera Schengen ndi kudzadza Switzerland, ndi kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2011, dziko lina lomwe akulowa ufulu miyambo m'dera - Liechtenstein. Iwo 3 ndi 4 limati si membala mu European Union. Makedoniya, Serbia ndi Montenegro wakhala anatsimikiza ndi 01/01/2010, ndi chitupa cha visa chikapezeka-free yolowera dziko la pangano.

Mu kuyenda padziko lonse Schengen zone kumaphatikizapo ulamuliro umodzi malire m'malire awo. Komanso, ukugwira ntchito kwakukulukulu monga boma limodzi. Tulukani ndi kulowa imagwiridwa popanda amazilamulira malire ndi kugwilizana ndi mwambo osiyanasiyana pa malire a mkati mwa limati chiwalo cha zone izi. Komanso kwambiri timapitiriza Shengena zone kumalire ndi ulamuliro wachitatu limati ndi itsogolere malire. Adamuyikizira okha kuti ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo wamba ndi kulongosola kwa munthu aliyense kulowa m'dziko mongoyembekezera, kuchititsa ulamuliro yake ya malire kunja ndi kukhala mtanda malire milandu ndi apolisi mgwirizano.

Nthawi yapadera pamene anaopsezedwa zotheka kuti anthu kapena chitetezo (nthawi zosiyanasiyana masewera osiyanasiyana misonkhano, kofunika mapiri ndale) amazilamulira malire a malire mkati pakati pa mayiko ena mu mlengalenga zikhoza kuchepetsedwa. Mawu amenewa ali ndi malire kwa masiku 30.

M'dera Schengen umabweretsa pamodzi m'dera la States kumene malamulo awo chomveka, koma mtsinje kuyenda anthu zikuchitika pa ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi yoletsedwa. Pamafunikanso koma mwalamulo ndi de A facto atatu yaying'ono-limati mu Europe: Vatican City, San Marino ndi Monaco. Komanso, Andorra palibe ulamuliro mkati m'malire ndi mayiko a woyendera nthambi. M'dera Schengen (dziko la Ireland ndi United Ufumu sanayambebe m'gulu kapangidwe kake) adzakhala kukodzedwa posachedwa. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi chilolezo cha maiko amenewo kukhala mbali. M'tsogolo, n'zothekanso inalowa la Bulgaria, Cyprus ndi Romania, monga mkangano waukulu kuli m'kati panopa. Pakali pano, woyendera nthambi Schengen chimakwirira zosakwana miliyoni 4.5. Km 2 ndi kunyumba. Man oposa 400 miliyoni.

Ndisanalembetse, mayiko ndidzadutsa ndi kupeza kafukufuku ndi wokonzeka m'mbali zinayi: malire mpweya, zikalata, mgwirizano apolisi komanso chitetezo deta. Paudindo bwinobwino ndi nthumwi - wapadera akatswiri European.