Megacities ndi yaikulu mumzinda uliwonse wa dziko

anthu masiku ano, chifukwa cha njira ambiri padziko lonse amakhala ndi zambiri urbanized. Choncho funso kuphunzira ndi malongosoledwe a mizinda ndi agglomerations oposa zogwirizana. Nkhani limanena matauni dera lalikulu la dziko, komanso tanthauzo la mawu akuti "agglomeration" wapatsidwa.

agglomeration Kodi

mainsaikulopediya ambiri masiku ano chimatanthauza agglomeration monga ndende yaikulu ya midzi, amene makamaka m'mizinda, ndi milandu kwapadera, ndi maphunziro a kumidzi amene amaphatikizidwa mu imodzi chifukwa ubale chuma, ndale ndi chikhalidwe. Waukulu mzinda m'dera la dziko anayamba mawonekedwe cha m'ma-makumi awiri, pamene kukula m'tawuni zinachitika kulikonse. M'zaka za m'ma XXI mizinda kunakulirakulira ndipo anapitiriza mu mawonekedwe atsopano.

Agglomeration akhoza kupangidwa padziko wina m'tauni ndipo anaitana monocentric. Chitsanzo cha agglomerations ngati ali New York ndi Paris. Mtundu wachiwiri amatchedwa polycentric mumzinda uliwonse, kutanthauza kuti mu mzinda zikuphatikizapo midzi ikuluikulu, omwe, paokha, zili zofunika. A chitsanzo chapadera cha m'dera polycentric matauni ndi dera Ruhr ku Germany.

Cha 2005, padziko lonse panali 400 agglomerations, chiwerengero cha anthu mu aliyense wa iwo kuposa 2 miliyoni. Waukulu mzinda m'dera la mapu a dziko lonse ili mwachilungamo wogawana, koma ndende kwambiri zimawonedwa mu chuma m'mayiko olemera. Mu madera khumi waukulu mzinda wa dziko pali oposa mamiliyoni 230 anthu (kwambiri kuposa anthu Akuluakulu a ku Russia).

Tokyo ndi Yokohama

Inde, agglomeration lalikulu - ndi likulu la dziko la Japan, Tokyo. anthu ake lero ali pafupi ndi anthu 38 miliyoni, kuposa anthu a m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya (Switzerland, Poland, Netherlands ndi ena). Agglomeration ndi analandira polycentric ndi Chili mizinda iwiri chapakati - Yokohama ndi Tokyo, komanso anthu enanso ambirimbiri a midzi yaing'ono. m'dera Agglomeration ndi 13.5 zikwi Km ^2.

Likulu m'madera amenewa matauni aakulu imakhala ndi malo atatu a m'tawuni kuti zili padziko yachifumu ku Tokyo. Komanso, mzinda akadali zigawo 20 ndipo prefectures angapo (Gunma, Kanagawa, Ibaraki, etc.). Dongosolo lonse ambiri amati Wamkulu Tokyo.

London

Panthawi pali matanthauzo ambiri a gawo mu mzinda wa London ili. Pakati pawo, Greater London, London County ndipo ngakhale London makalata kapena wanthambo chigawo. Asayansi zambiri kugawanitsa mu dongosolo m'zigawozo pakati likulu la British mbiri (City), Mumtima London (13 mzinda midadada), wakunja London (akale m'madera wakunja kwatawuni). zinthu izi zonse kupanga dongosolo Kupititsa ndi anthu, amene ali ndi waukulu mzinda m'dera mu dziko.

malire Administrative wa London mzinda chimakwirira 11 000 Km ² ndi anthu anthu pafupifupi 12 miliyoni. M'dera limeneli mulinso otchedwa Kanema mzinda wa London: Bracknell, Harlow, Basildon, Crawley ndi ena. Ndipo monga anthu m'madera amene pafupi ndi likulu Essex, Surrey, Kent, Hertfordshire.

Paris

Administratively, mzinda wa Paris ndi umodzi wokha wa m'madipatimenti mwa dera Ile-de-France. Koma likulu ali unakhota yaitali pansi pake mabungwe onse eyiti, loyang'anira magawano panopa inaimitsidwa. A Paris urbanized ndi malo omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi madera akuluakulu mzinda wa dziko ndi agglomeration. Makamaka, Paris ali ambiri am'midzi Kanema, amene anamanga ndi nadzaphatikizana ndi likulu mwamsanga zaka za 1960.

Ntchito yomanga otchedwa mizinda yatsopano - mwapadera analengedwa mu Paris makina anapezerapo mu korona chachikulu mu 1960.

Paris monga likulu French ndi otchedwa midzi latsopano ndi mawonekedwe korona agglomeration yaikulu, kapena Grand Paris. M'dera la mzindawo ndi 12 zikwi ^km2, ndi anthu - anthu oposa 13 miliyoni. Paris ndi matauni dera lalikulu kwambiri mu map wa Europe.

agglomeration Asian

Posachedwapa, moyo zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko akuyamba kupeza malo a Asia. The ku Asia amagwiritsidwa anaikira waukulu mzinda m'dera mu dziko. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi mzinda wa Mumbai, chiwerengero cha anthu amene alumphe anthu okwana 22 miliyoni. Kapena likulu Philippines wa Manila lili ndi anthu okwana 20 miliyoni ndi Delhi ndi anthu mamiliyoni 18. Mu China, mzinda mlandu pafupifupi 10% ya m'dziko la dziko lonse. Izi megacities monga Shanghai (19 miliyoni) ndi Hong Kong (anthu 15 miliyoni), ndi zitsanzo zabwino za njira mizinda mu East.

Choncho, kulingana panopa kudalirana ndi mizinda, m'mizinda ikuluikulu kukula ndi kukhala mzinda umene pa dziko lapansi likupitirirabe.