The payipi mpweya "South Stream". Transnational mpweya ntchito payipi

Woyamba mu December 2014 sizidzakumbukiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali dziko. Linali tsiku la kuphulika kwa mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri mabomba zambiri. Inu sindikukumbukira chiani ndiye? Iwo anali mwalamulo analengeza kuti ntchito "South Stream mafuta payipi" chatsekedwa. Point. Kulowera uku, ambiri sankayembekezera. Ndipotu, analonjeza ambiri ubwino okhala ndi mabizinesi a kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. Komabe, chigamulo anapangidwa. Tiyeni kumvetsa, kuposa momwe izo zinaliri ntchito zabwino ndi chifukwa chake m'mbuyomu.

"Kodi mukukumbukira izo onse anayamba?"

Good mzere kuchokera nyimbo, koma anapitiriza Kodi sizigwirizana ndi mbiri yathu. Izo sizinali nthawi yoyamba. Ndi nthawi yomwe ine ndimaganiza payipi ya "South Stream" ntchito Similar kale bwinobwino akuyendera. Ngakhale mu nthawi Soviet izo anatambasula chitoliro amene anapita buluu mafuta ku Ulaya. Onse zikanakhala zabwino, koma dziko wakhala anakomoka, payipi anali pa dera la limati zosiyanasiyana mwayekha. N'zomvetsa chisoni kwa Ukraine, anadutsa m'dera ake. Chomwe chiri cholakwika, mupempha? Musapereke chomwechi chitoliro zambiri zina. Ndalama kwa iye kwambiri, ndipo kuti sangathe kumvetsa angathe awo "opindula", ndani wa iwo n'kofunika kwambiri. Komabe, taphunzira si makamaka. Komabe kuti kunali koyenera kusintha polumikizira njira kupulumutsa anthu fraternal ku zochita zoipa zakale. "Nord Stream" wakhala anamanga kwa cholinga ichi. Mosamala yotsitsa payipi Chiyukireniya. Iwo anapereka mpweya yekha m'dziko Kumpoto kwa Ulaya. ogula ena a gasi, weniweni ndi kuthekera, anali "akaidi" a mipope Chiyukireniya. Ndiko kumene lingaliro kumanga payipi mpweya "South Stream". Pa dzanja limodzi, kunali kofunika kwenikweni kuchotsa ndi wosadalirika polumikizira dziko, ndi wina - okha amafuna zosintha kulankhulana. moyo wawo unali kale kwambiri. Transit anapulumukira katundu alibe nkhawa. Ndipo limagwirira aliyense mu ntchito amavala, ngakhale "chitoliro," chomwe ndi zoona, zovuta mafakitale zovuta. Mu, chinali munthu wina.

ntchito

The payipi mpweya "South Stream" poyamba anali kudutsa malire a limati asanu, kuwapatsa ndi mafuta zachilengedwe udindo. Pankhaniyi, palibe amene anatsutsa chiyembekezo cha polojekitiyi. M'mayiko South Stream ndi: Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Italy. Kenako iye anayamba ntchitoyi Austria ndi Greece. Zinali zoonekeratu mmene n'kwabwino kuti maiko amenewo. Anayamba kumanga chiwiri December 2012. Anakonza kutsiriza mu 2015. Inali ntchito kwambiri. Chotero ntchito intergovernmental akatunge ndi mapangano zogwirizana umene bungwe dongosolo lapadera. Mtengo wa zomangamanga ndi si yaing'ono. Choncho, malinga ndi ziwerengero, "Gazprom" amayenera aganyali izo biliyoni 2.6. Madola. Koma chithunzi ataimirira kuti US $ biliyoni 4,66 .. European mipope chomwecho ndi kulankhulana anali okwana ndalama zakuthambo biliyoni 16,6. Komabe, ntchito wayamba wiritsani. mabizinezi zogwirizana allocated ndalama, kuyenda unachitikira zinalengedwa.

Chiwembu cha payipi mpweya "South Stream"

Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito yofunika imeneyi mwina kupita bwino. Ndi pansi pa mozama kusanthula kusintha, titero, pansi. Schematically wake mmodzi wotsiriza (anasiya) Baibulo zikusonyezedwa mkuyu. Monga mukuonera, iye anali kukwaniritsa ambiri m'mayiko ku Southern Europe, kusiya m'tsogolo kumayiko mwayi kuti agwirizane polojekiti. Ndipo Chofunika, "South Stream" - ndi payipi mpweya (mapu mu chithunzi) kuti bypasses mnzake wosadalirika, Kojima anali Ukraine. Part wa chitoliro ayenera pansi pa Nyanja Black. Komanso, m'litali zikanakhala za makilomita asanu ndi anayi. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti payipi ya adzadutsa mabacteria chuma osati Russia ndi Bulgaria, komanso Turkey, zomwe, mwa njira, ntchito imeneyi si makamaka ankakonda. Iye anali ndipo tsopano awo 'zofuna mpweya. " Komabe, Turkey wapereka chilolezo polojekiti "South Stream mafuta payipi." Bulgaria anali mfundo ina njira. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti payipi ya lidzafika pa magombe ake pafupi ndi mzinda wa Varna. Pa nthawi imeneyi, payipi mpweya "South Stream", mapu amene sanali kwambiri zachuma monga ndale, amapunthwa pa zimakulepheretsani. Koma zambiri zimene pansipa.

Mbali Russian polojekiti

Kuti Kumwera Europe "Russian" buluu mafuta analandira, kunali koyenera kumanga makilomita zikwi ziwiri ndi theka payipi ku siteshoni kompresa. Malowa ali pamtunda pafupi ndi mzinda wa Anapa. "South Stream" apa anali kuthamanga pamodzi pansi pa nyanja. "Russian" imatengedwa amphamvu kwambiri siteshoni kompresa. Izo kutulutsa biliyoni 63. Kiyubiki mamita mpweya pa chaka. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa masamu, ndi khumi peresenti ya kufunika European. Ku gombe Chibugariya wa chitoliro iye anayenera "Gazprom" kumanga zawo. Kenako, yomanga anapitiriza kampani limodzi limene iye anali ndi magawo fifite pamtengo. ntchito Land kunachitika. Koma chitoliro-atagona pa nyanja ndayima kaye chifukwa kuchedwa ndi zilolezo kulembetsa. Bulgaria "South Stream", pa dzanja limodzi, analandira, pa zina - sangapite ndi bungwe la European, amene ali ndi maganizo zina. Komabe "Gazprom" anapitiriza kumanga. kuwotcherera woyamba pa mphambano ya mtsempha wamagazi buluu zinachitika mu chikondwerero m'mlengalenga December 2012 7. Monga CEO wa kampani anati, ndikukhazikitsa polojekiti m'deralo, Tkachenko: "South Stream" (payipi) Anapa aŵiri. Imakhala mwayi chitukuko cha mayiko osati European komanso Krasnodar Gawo. "

Europe ndi "South Stream"

Payipi mapu kuti tisangalatse ngakhale anthuwo, pang'ono odziwa chuma, kumene, anazindikira atsogoleri EU. Italy ndi woyamba nawo ntchito. Concern awo "Eni a" pamodzi ndi "Gazprom" wayamba kupanga kofunika kuti chitoliro ku Ulaya. Chimango memorandum anamaliza mu 2007. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba yaikulu positi ofesi ntchito. Chaka chotsatira, 2008, Bulgaria anagwirizana polojekiti. "South Stream" kupereka ake ndi mwayi wabwino konza bajeti. Phindu kuti dziko pamapeto pake anaphonya, zokwana madola mabiliyoni 400.. Mu chaka chomwecho, Serbia wanena kuti M'pofunikanso mpweya. "South Stream" ndi kusankha timathera m'gawo lake. dziko walemba ndi "Gazprom" pangano kuti theka chitoliro ndi kampani yathu. mapangano ofanana akhala anafika ndi maiko ena (mu 2009 - ndi Slovenia, mu 2010 - Croatia). Pa nthawi yomweyo ntchito anagwirizana Austria ndi France. Yotsirizira anaganiza aganyali pomanga payipi mpweya "South Stream". ntchito ndi kampani yaikulu munayendamo chinkhoswe mu mphamvu, «Électricité de France». Mu yemweyo dongosolo chaka yomanga yosainidwa ndi Greece, Serbia ndi Bulgaria. "South Stream", malinga ndi mfundo, anali kupanga izo dziko chachikulu - pasenjala. Mu izo, ndipo anali ndi snag lalikulu, lomwe zaka zingapo amayanja anthu amene sanali polojekiti.

Vuto loyamba

Yambani chitsutso zopanda nzeru, nayikidwa mu 2011. European Commission for Energy poyera anachenjeza Ukraine kuti pambuyo polenga ndi oyamba a "South Stream" opareshoni, dziko lino adzatsala ntchito. Si paipi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira. Oettinger ali analangiza boma Chiyukireniya "kunyengerera Russia ku ntchitoyi." Ngakhale izi, njira "South Stream" mpweya payipi zinachitika yoyenera kugwirizana. Pambuyo chilengezo cha zolinga za dziko, poyamba m'gulu ntchito, anayamba kunena ndi "Gazprom" Mapangano ntchito yobweretsa gasi. Ngakhale Russia anayenera amaumiriza maiko a ku Ulaya. Wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev, kukhala pulezidenti wa Russia unachitika nkhani ndi mnzake wake Turkey. Malinga ndi zotsatira, iye anafotokoza mfundo yakuti polojekiti zikhoza kusintha. Ngakhale ndiye panali mfundo yakuti mungathe kufika otaya kuti Turkey, lomwe si membala European Union.

Energy lachitatu Zamkati

Vuto lina yonyamula mwa ntchito panali malamulo EU. Popeza kuti mphamvu msika mu Union m'malo "zosamveka." mlingo Price udzakhazikitsidwe kudzera zokambirana mwachindunji zofunika ndi ogula. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chisokonezo msika. The EU anatengera angapo malamulo linkadziwika kuti "chachitatu phukusi mphamvu" zoti achite liberalize malonda vuto mphamvu. Iwo kulekana kwa ogulitsa ndi maiko polumikizira anali envisaged. Ndiko kuti, "Gazprom", malinga ndi zolembedwa izi analibe ufulu kumanga chitoliro, makumi asanu pa mtengo umene anali a iye. phukusi anavomerezedwa mu 2009. Komabe, anadzapeza kusainira wa pangano loyamba pa chitukuko cha "South Stream". Apa panali mlandu. Pa dzanja limodzi ntchitoyi si kugwa pansi Chachitatu Energy Zamkati, Komano - bungwe European sanalole kuti kuyamba, chifukwa chakuti iye anaswa malamulo amawatenga izo.

Tingamangire, ndipo inu - njira mukufuna

Komabe, Russia sanasiye ntchito yopindulitsa. Pa madera ake onse ntchito kukonzekera nthawi kuti achita m'Mphamvu "South Stream". Anapa payipi Mwachitsanzo, anakumana mosangalala. Osati zokhazo, pafupi ndi tauni ya kumanga ogwira ntchito kwambiri, kulenga ntchito yatsopano, kotero ndi midzi yozungulira anapatsidwa gasi. Dera chinayamba ndi ntchito yoyenera chifukwa gasification. Kusintha mapulani anayamba mawonekedwe mu 2014. Pambuyo reunification wa Crimea ndi makampani mpweya Russia anayamba muganize momwe chochitika zingakhudzire ntchito zawo. Mfundo yakuti kwambiri atagona (pafupifupi ziwiri makilomita) - ndi malonda mtengo. Ngati chitoliro patsogolo pa gawo Crimea, m'nyanja, iye adzakhala pa ziwembu ang'onoang'ono. Izi zikhoza kuchepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti. Yakhala apakhungu kwambiri chifukwa imposition wa ziletso ndi Russia.

Izo zonse zikuthera mu Bulgaria

Palokha, ntchito pa chilengedwe cha ngati ntchito yofunika ndi zovuta zonse zosiyanasiyana subtleties ndi zina zabwino. Tiyenera kugwirizana kwambiri nkhani ndi maboma a mayiko nawo kupeza chilolezo kupeza ndalama ndi zina zotero. Zonsezi "Gazprom" zachitika. Monga isanayambe yomanga kunali kofunika kupeza chilolezo kuchokera maiko anakhala chovuta kwambiri zikhalidwe za mavuto Chiyukireniya linaphulika. Koma Austria ndi maiko ena a "creaking" lalembedwa mapepala zonse zofunikira. Iwo anasiya payipi ya mpweya "South Stream" Bulgaria. Mukamaliza zokambirana yaitali ndi kugwirizana pa dziko sanapereke chilolezo chake. Chinachititsa chokana mofanana Chachitatu Energy Zamkati. Purezidenti wa Bulgaria anali mu malo ovuta. Dziko monga membala wa bungwe la European Union, ayenera kumvera malamulo ake ndi zofunika kasamalidwe. Komano - ubwino Poyamba zoonekeratu kuti zonse. Bulgaria wapanga chisankho chake, kusiya polumikizira phindu. Documents kutanthauza chilolezo ake kuti chiyambi cha zomangamanga, mulibe anasaina. chochitika Izi sizinachitike maziko a kukhazikitsidwa kwa Pulezidenti kusankha Russian anagubuduza Inde zochitika. Kwachititsa ndi kumveka lonse ndi mutu udindo wa mkulu wa bungwe la European osati.

Potseka polojekiti. Kodi yotsatira?

Kotero anabwera December 1, 2014. Paulendo wake kuti Turkey, Pulezidenti la Chitaganya cha Russia, pamodzi ndi mnzake ku dziko khamu mawu. Europe wakhala patsogolo mfundo. ntchito chatsekedwa. Palibe dongosolo zalephera latsopano la Russia. Bwelerani "South Stream" sadzatero. Nanga bwanji za anthu amene sali zotsutsana ndi kumanga ake, amene ankagwira ntchito limodzi ndi "Gazprom" kwa zaka zonsezi? Putin analengeza kuti onse biliyoni 63. Kiyubiki mamita mpweya adzakhala aperekedwe ku Turkey. Gawo la iwo ndipo kudyedwa. Kwa amene khumbo akadali kugula Russian mpweya likulu adzamangira kumalire a Turkey ndi Greece. Only tsopano, pomanga aya zoyendera wakhala mutu wa ogula. Ndi, Federation Russian adapangana ndi Chachitatu Energy Zamkati. Kodi ku Ulaya adzatenga ndalama zoterezi yomanga mtengo, ndi zochita zawo. Choncho, m'tsogolo, Turkey adzakhala waukulu polumikizira dziko kuti kupereka gasi ku EU. mfundo ndi yakuti dziko inyamuka kukachititsa payipi mpweya "Nabucco". The ntchito, analenga pansi pa mothandizidwa ndi United States anali njira ina "South Stream". Pambuyo mkangano onse ndi nkhani, chifukwa intransigence wa bungwe la European, gawo la mayiko a kum'mwera kwa Union sanali okha popanda mafuta, koma ndi chiyembekezo yosokoneza kulimbikitsidwa posachedwapa. ntchito zonse anali pachabe. Tiyenera tsopano ayambe kukambirana mwatsopano. Ndipo apa kunafikanso mu masankho Greek, komanso zotheka, mu nthawi. Mu January 2015 izo anapambana kugwirizana andale a SYRIZA, kulengeza kuchoka dziko la ku EU. Ngati ndi cholinga kuti mlandu pamaso, udindo wa mayiko kummwera European ngakhale zovuta.

Komabe, ntchito "payipi" South Stream "chatsekedwa. Tsopano zonse lichitidwa negotiated maulendo ena - wogula. Panali ntchito yatsopano. Iwo anaganiza timawutcha "Turkey Stream". Kodi tsogolo adzafa?