Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko zizindikiro ubwino

Ngati inu kamodzi zikugwira ntchito yomanga nyumba zawo kapena dongosolo ina, ndiye motsimikiza angati tsogolo eni nyumba pofuna kupulumutsa ngakhale pa siteji ya mapulani ndi mamangidwe amanenera. Pamene anthu akutsata cholinga ichi, iwo akuyesera kuchepetsa ndalama magawo yokwera mtengo wa zomangamanga. Mwina ndinu mwa iwo, ndiye izo zidzakhala zambiri zothandiza inu pansipa.

Kugwiritsa ndi wololera njira yothetsera vutoli ndi ntchito kwambiri angakwanitse ndi yosavuta akuthandiza mlatho maziko, zimene m'malo okwera mtengo achindunji wononga kapena melkozaglublennoe m'munsi. A zabwino adzakhala ngati mutsatira nyumba umisiri ndi mfundo za.

mbali Ofunika

Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko koyamba zingaoneke ofooka, koma zimasonyeza kudalilika kuchita. Ngati inu kutsatira malamulo a ntchitoyo, zomangamanga ndi wokonzeka kutumikira ngakhale yaitali kuposa nyumba yokha. Kuwonjezera kwake, pali zinthu zingapo zimasiyanitsa, kuphatikizapo:

• chidwi liwiro ntchito yomanga;
• mtengo wotsika;
• osachepera hydro mizati;
• ntchito zogwiriziza mu dothi uliwonse;
• ideality ya maziko nyumba zamatabwa.

Chifukwa kusankha akuthandiza-mlatho maziko

Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko limakupatsani anapereka thandizo mu nthawi yochepa, limene ndi lofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zapansi monolithic. Mbali yoyamba, nthawi yomanga yafupika ndi maulendo angapo. Poyerekeza maziko awa ndi tepi, Tingathe kuona kuti Nkhata woyamba pankhani mtengo. Pambuyo pomanga nsanja Ndipafupifupi nthawi 2 mtengo.

Kumanga maziko mmene angathere mitundu yonse ya nthaka, monga zosiyana ndi madambo ndi miyala. dothi izi musalole kukumba maenje kwa unsembe wa zogwiriziza. Pankhani yomanga nyumba matabwa, kuchirikiza-mlatho maziko ndi njira yabwino, chifukwa yomanga amapereka mpweya wabwino ndiponso kupewa soggy pansi pa matabwa.

Ubwino waukulu

Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko ndi wotchuka komanso chifukwa kuti ali kwambiri ubwino. Mfundo zowonjezera ayenera kukhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa maziko nyumba yaing'ono chimango ndi malo osambira. Ntchito pomanga nyumba akuthandiza-columnar m'munsi amachepetsa kuthekera kwa nthaka kutupa kwa osachepera yovomerezeka, zomwe si bwanji kamangidwe ka gwero la.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kukafika kutsogolo kwa maziko adzakhala zofunika kukonza kuda pa yekha ndi. Grillage Pankhaniyi kugwa m'munsimu 30cm pansi, ndi malo akhungu ndi kutenthetsa kwa masentimita 30 kuya. chikhalidwe ichi angagwiritsidwe ntchito magawo ndi kapangidwe aliyense, koma milu zakonzedwa kumanga zing'onozing'ono bajeti ndi khama zazing'ono.

phindu lina

Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko, ubwino ndi kuipa kuti tiyenera kuziganizira kwambiri musanayambe kugwira ntchito, n'zotheka kumanga osati pa dothi chikhamu, komanso m'nthaka chochuluka, yotsirizira zidzakulimbikitsani waikamo osachepera pa ntchito yomanga, chifukwa kulemera otsika zipilala poyerekeza tepi melkozaglublennogo maziko. Pakuti njerwa kanyumba anafotokoza yomanga luso adzakhala wangwiro, kuti zimachitika makamaka m'munsi ayenera chinakula pansipa amaundana nthaka. Izi amapulumutsa 50% ya bajeti.

The kuipa chachikulu

Musanayambe kumanga thandizo-mlatho maziko, muyenera kuganizira kwambiri ndi minuses, tchulani pakati pawo:

• unsuitability kwa mtunda zovuta;
• ndikosatheka yomanga pa nthaka yofewa.

Ponena za chinthu choyamba, pamene kusiyana kwa pamwamba pa 1.5 mamita udzachitika chimamangidwa yopingasa katundu ku zotsatira za kutupa, omwe chifukwa monyang'ama zipilala. Musagwiritse ntchito dongosolo amafotokozedwa choncho pamene gawo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi nthaka lotayirira, izi ndi zoona kwa dothi ndi peat nthaka ndi madzi zimalimbikitsa dongo, amene si zimasiyana khalidwe mphamvu. Ntchito zamphamvu grillage zokwanira, mudzatha kukwaniritsa zilakolako pansi yopingasa. Koma mu nkhani iyi, zotsatira zachuma adzakhala ndichepe, kotero kudzakhala kosavuta kuti amakonda akuyandama monolithic slab, chifukwa chirichonse chimene sayenera kukhala chidwi kuchuluka kwa yomanga.

Comments za zinthu zamakono

Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko, ndemanga amene ali abwino, ndi kumangidwa ndi luso lapadera. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi zogwiriziza columnar, yomwe ili pa PAD miyala. Kenako anapanga formwork, pamene simenti udzathiridwa. Malinga ndi eni m'nyumba, kuika zogwiriziza akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe mwala kapena njerwa. zogwiriziza Columnar anapangidwa kwa midadada konkire. Pad kuponyedwa mu mawonekedwe a mapiramidi, aliyense mchitidwe amamangidwa pansi.

Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko a midadada konkire, malinga ndi kutukula kugonjetsedwa, theka la potsata khushoni lapansi. Ngati kufanizitsa melkozaglublennyh columnar amathandiza ndi zapansi zina, woyamba athe qualitatively ndi bwino kugwiritsa kumatira, kutchinjiriza ndi ngalande mbali ya pansi.

Mokoma ntchito

ambuye zoweta amati zimakhudza mphamvu nthaka ndi zotsatira zake pa osalimba a kuya kwa yomanga, amene anakhazikitsa zipilala kuti atumikire monga zogwiriziza. Ntchito yomanga wochititsidwa zochokera mwala kapena mchenga ndalama, koma nthaka ya miyala wosanjikiza masentimita 15 akhoza adzaikidwa. Chithandizo The udzakhala wolimba ngati gawo mtanda zosakwana chiŵerengero cha kutalika thandizo. A wosanjikiza mchenga ndi miyala ladzala ndi miyala dropout, amene nthaŵi zina m'malo mwa geotextile wandiweyani.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, chotero yekha uzigwirizana ndi excretion wa madzi ndi umaonetsera thandizo khola pansi madzi. Mphamvu ndi kuya cushions, monga mwa olamulira nyumba, amasankhidwa zochokera mtengo wa katundu yopingasa ndi stiffness wa m'mphepete kunsi kwa nyumbayi. Zipilala woonda ndi elongated a mipope asibesitosi-simenti ndi mozama kwambiri. Ngati anapereka zogwiriziza simenti, zidzakhala ndithu zachiphamaso kukhuthula mchenga.

Kulimbikitsa maziko

Ngati mwaganiza bwino mmene kulimbikitsa Kuthandiza-mlatho maziko, muyenera kudziwa: njira zingapo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa cholinga ichi. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka pamene mtengo adzapatsidwa njerwa zofiira. Izo zidzakhala zofunikira kuti akonze ngalande amene mozama ndi 25 cm. Khushoni Yake pansi nadzazidwa kukhazikitsa concreted njerwa yachiwiri.

Nkofunika kuti akonze izi pamwamba thandizo ali ndi makulidwe mu uthunthu wa masentimita 15. Duwali ayenera kukhala woposa gawo thandizo ndi 40%. Kulimbikitsa konkire pa makulidwe a zolimba khola ayenera kuikidwa, amene chingakhale mipiringidzo atatu kapena anayi. Pakuti ichi ntchito zitsulo 8-mm. thandizo chimango ayenera kuikidwa pa kapangidwe msinkhu wa njerwa ndi. Pakuti durability owonjezera, ntchito apamwamba lubwe kapena konkire, chimene anawonjezera wabwino basalt kapena lubwe screenings. Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko a midadada simenti, imene mavoti ali bwino kuposa za zomangamanga wa njerwa Akusonkhanitsa ngati zomwezi. Kusiyana kokha njira yothetsera kwa mayunitsi zomangamanga anakonza malinga ndi luso mofanana konkire.

Katundu wa midadada maziko

Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko, amene mtengo 200 000 rubles., Ngati kapangidwe adzaphatikizapo pamaso pa mizati 16 akhoza opunduka, ngati si anamvera sayansi. Kupeza kuchitira zinthu n'kofunika iliyonse mamita atatu, iwo ayenera kukhala pa ngodya, ndipo mu malo kumene makoma intersect.

Sizipanga posts mowirikiza, chifukwa izo kuonjezera ndalama za zomangira ndi mphamvu. Malinga ndi unevenness gawo zamkati kwa zogwiriziza akhoza kukhala wolingana ndi malire a mamilimita 150 mpaka 300. Ndi otsetsereka pang'ono thandizo gawo limodzi chingakhale mayunitsi 5, pamene winayo - chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Ngati yomanga ikuchitika pa malo athyathyathya, nsanamira sayenera oposa 3 midadada mu msinkhu, pamene recess kwa iwo adzakhala 200 mm. Minofu ndi mafupa mlatho maziko a midadada akhoza kupirira kulemera kwakukulu ya zomangamanga, ngati ziri zolondola kuti nsanja lina unsembe wa zipilala. Izi kuwonjezera katundu mwankhanza mphamvu nthaka.

Nsanja chithandizo akhoza anaphedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ena midadada anayikidwa pansi pa amaika mumsewu phale mawonekedwe lalikulu ndi mbali ya 400 mamilimita kapena 500 mm. Koma kuchita zimenezi si yolondola, chifukwa matailosi si anaikira katundu chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi ming'alu, kutaya cholinga chake.

Ndi bwino kudzaza malo ndi zolimba mu mzere, kuti ntchito polimbikitsa njira ukonde. Komabe ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito valavu, zomwe awiri adzakhala 10 12 mm. Chotero monolithic PAD mu gawo mtanda adzakhala lalikulu la mamilimita mbali 400 kapena 600 mm. makulidwe awo adzakhala ofanana ndi chiwerengero mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera mamilimita 50 70. njirayi akuti ndi zovuta zambiri, koma odalirika kwambiri.

ayamikira anapanga

Sitiyenera kunyalanyaza sitepe mu unsembe wa malo pakuyenerera. Ena omanga pomwepo wokonzeka kuika pa midadada mchenga pilo. Ngati thandizo sadzakhala ndi maziko olimba, ndiye patapita kanthawi iwo anayamba "kuyenda" woyamba khama. Ngati inu kusankha amachita luso zimenezi, midadada mu mzere woyamba ayenera zigwirizana wa mankhwala awiri, ndi kulongedza katundu ayenera zagwiridwa ndi alipo. In-gawo mtanda maziko chipilala ayenera miyeso zotsatirazi: 400 × 400 mm. Kupulumutsa nthawi thandizo la zomangamanga, inu ndalama pa kugula mayunitsi zina.

Pomaliza

Ngati gawo kumanga mwachilungamo lathyathyathya mtunda, kumanga maziko akuthandiza-mlatho ndalama kwambiri mtengo kuposa atagona melkozaglublennoy tepi kapena slabs monolithic. The sangathe waukulu njira zimangokolezera ndi kukana ang'onoang'ono rollover. Choncho, kukhala ndi mapazi kuchepetsa mphamvu kutupa. Koma sangathe izi kuchepetsa ndi ubwino, ndiye mkulu wa gawo, komanso nthaka amaundana mwayi unsembe. Pakuti columnar maziko precast kapena monolithic grillage m'pofunika.