Mishka Jap: yonena, moyo. Wotchuka Odessa raider

Mishka Jap - mtsogoleri lodziwika bwino kwa Odessa achifwamba. Pa nthawi, anachita phokoso ku Odessa, ndi pambuyo pa imfa yake za wakhala anauza kwambiri nkhani, woona. Koma munthu uyu bwino anapita mu mbiri. mkazi wake, Tsilya Averman, odziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukongola, koma nkhani iyi si za iye, koma amene poyamba anali kugonjetsa ndi Odessa kumidima.

Origin ndi ubwana

Mtsogoleri tsogolo la Odessa ozembetsa ndi raiders anabadwa October 30, 1891 mu Odessa, mu mtima wa Chimoludaviyani. Mabuku akhala analembedwa monga Mose-Yakov Volfovich Vinnitsky. Atate Jap dzina Meer Folf, iye anali mwini izvozopromyshlennogo mabungwe, mwa kulankhula kwina, drayman. Tikumbukenso, wotani anali wokongola kwambiri, ndipo iye ankakonda kumwa, ndi kupanga nkhonya nkhondo.

Mu Moyshe Vinnitskogo anali mlongo wachikulire, Jack, ndi abale awiri wamng'ono - Abulahamu ndi Isaki. Mlongo Kunakhala Jap akuvutika matenda manda ' ndipo anamwalira mu 1923. Abale ankakhala Odessa, ndi Isake, ndi wamng'ono pa iwo, mu 1973, anasamukira ndi banja lake ku United States.

Chimbalangondo analandila maphunziko chachikulu m'sunagoge, atamaliza maphunziro makalasi yaikulu apo pang'ono. Times zinali zovuta, ndipo bambo anga wokhu- kuti mwana wake anali atakhala chabe, chifukwa cha zimene ali nazo kunyumba zambiri makani zinachitika. Iye ankafuna mwana wake kukhala wachiwiri wake, kupitiriza izvozopromyshlennoe atate wake, pamene Kunakhala amayi ankafuna kuti anali m'gulu m'sunagoge. Koma mnyamatayo chikutanthauza anali maganizo ndi mfundo zawo. Zonsezi kuti iye ankaona kuzimiririka ndipo uninteresting, iye gravitated kwa moyo mkulu. Ndipo iye ankadziwa kuti kupita ku nyumba zikuluzikulu, limodzi ndi madona chabwino angakwanitse okhawo amene ndalama ndi mphamvu. Ndiyeno iye anaganiza kuti tingafunike kukwaniritsa zonsezi ndi kukhala Mfumu ya Odessa. Anajambula mu 2011, filimu za Mishka Jap akuti mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ya moyo wa Odessa wolanda.

A pang'ono za Moldavanka

banja lawo anakhala Moldavanka, ndi mzinda wapafupi wa doko ufulu wa Odessa. Kudzera linakhazikitsa zedi katundu mobisa, amene anali ngati njira yopezera ndalama kwa mabanja ndi mabanja Odessa. Koma bizinesi zitha kuthana ndi zanu. Chimoludaviyani wapadera mu mtundu wake, chifukwa pafupifupi onse a mumzindawo anali kwambiri kapena zochepa zokhudza kuzembetsa ndi. Poyamba zachitika mtundu wake womwe zigawenga, ndi wapadera ku malo amenewa. raiders Iwowa ntchito pa dera wapadera, zinthu kuipitsidwa ndi eni alendo, wamba ngati ogulitsa ndi cabbies. The kunkhondo, kuba ndi mankhwala malonda a zitsulo luso, ndi anthu amene ali odala, ndiye anakwanitsa kupeza chuma ndi kuyambitsa bizinezi yawo.

Ngakhale ana Chimoludaviyani anali masewera awo, pamene anakaonekera kwa ozembetsa kuchenjerera kukanyamula za nsalu, mgugu raiders kulanda sitolo. Iwo onse ndinalota yothawira umphawi, ndi anthu amene anachita izo zinali mafano awo. Za moyo ndipo anali Kunakhala Jap, koma pamwamba pa iye anali adakali wamng'ono, ankaphunzira luso la ozembetsa, achifwamba ndiponso anthu ena a dongosolo lino. Mu mutu wake anabadwa, maganizo atsopano ndi malingaliro za mmene kuchita "malonda". Ndiyeno tsiku lina anaganiza mutengere mwayi ...

Start upandu

Mu August 1907 mtsogoleri tsogolo la Odessa achifwamba, amene panthawiyo sanali ngakhale zaka sikisitini, anatenga gawo mu kuba wa shopu ufa. Chirichonse chinapita bwino, kotero pa October 29, kachiwiri anaukira, nthawi iyi mu nyumba wolemera. Iwo anamangidwa yomweyo. December 6, pamene anaukira mu mahule anamangidwa Mishka Jap. Wambiri bandit zina limatiuza za bwalo ndi analamula kuti zaka 12 m'ndende.

M'ndende Nyamuliranani anali mutu wake ndipo anasonyeza nzeru zake zonse, kupeka ndi machenjera imene iye anali wokhoza adzamasulidwa patsogolo ndandanda. Iye anatha tiyipukuse ena chinyengo ndi zikalata, kupatsana mawu ndi mnyamata m'mudzi wina, amene adatenga pansi phiko lake. Patapita nthawi chinyengo ndi anatulukira, koma apolisi chigawenga analephera kuukitsa kukomeza, wosafuna kuti akauze mabwana ake za gaffes wake.

Free Vinnitsa anaganiza kuti ndi nthawi kuyamba kugonjetsa kumidima wa Odessa. Moyo Kunakhala Jap, amene anali ndi zaka zina 24 zaka, udasintha aganiza kuti abwere Gerisomu Mayer, mkulu Moldavanka akuba. Iye amapereka zimawalimbikitsa kuti kulowa mu Kunakhala 'choncho. Vinnitsa zikuchoka kwina ndi kwina kwatsopano ndi kwa mphindi amakhala Jap. Iye bwinobwino amachita ntchito woyamba kupatsidwa kwa iye ndi pang'onopang'ono mumapezera mbiri mu dziko chigawenga. Pa nthawi Jap bungwe la zigawenga yake, poyamba wopangidwa asanu anzake mwana. Shortstop zimadutsa wakubayu masitolo ndi mafakitale, ndi chimbalangondo yochepa nthawi zimapangitsa kulankhula za iwo eni onse Odessa.

Kugonjetsedwa Odessa osati

Jap analidi munthu zochititsa chidwi chifukwa Patapita zaka ziwiri zokha, pafupifupi pansi lonse la Odessa anavomereza kuti mtsogoleri wawo, ndipo osachepera angapo ozembetsa zikwi ndi raiders. Kuyambira Meyer Hirsh amakhala kudzanja lake lamanja, monga zofunikira kuthandiza pogwirizanitsa Odessa magulu onse wachifwamba wina zokambirana gulu lalikulu. Kulikonse mu Jap ndi anthu awo, ndipo wamba ngati ogulitsa malonda ambiri ndi amalonda omwe ali okonzeka kulipira msonkho malangizo woyamba, ndi kumuopa ngati nthendayo.

Apolisi ndi Jap komanso ndi anthu awo, kudziŵitsa izo zisanachitike cha kuwombera adziwitse ndi kupereka maumboni osiyanasiyana monga amene ndi zimene muyenera kupereka chiphuphu. Dera zinthu Kunakhala Vinnitsa akuphatikizapo osati kokha Odessa - anam'bweza uja "mlandu" akutali malire ake, bungwe upandu syndicate amayi, gulu la maiko ambiri Russian. Woteroyo Russian Ufumu sinali. Ochokera m'dziko lomweli, analandira ndalama mwachindunji kwa Zachuma Jap.

Ntchito ya "gulu" wake wakhala debugged ndipo kusasintha, panali ntchito yake, aliyense amachita mbali yake. Gunners, akuba, analemba aganyu ntchito kwa Jap, analandira ndalama zambiri kuti "ntchito".

Bandit kapena mfumu?

About Vinnitsa kunyamula zinthu nthano. Chunky wokondedwa, atavala chovala yapamwamba, anayenda Deribasovskaya omulondera, anasankha mwa zigaŵenga kwambiri olimbika pachimake. Anthu amene anakumana nawo m'njira, anagwadira kwa iye, ndipo anagwetsa. Tsiku lililonse Mishka Jap, yonena limene limatiuza za iye monga munthu wanzeru, ndipo nkomwe, anapezeka Fanconi cafe, kusonkhana kwa osintha ndi mitundu yonse ya speculators, choncho Vinnitsa anali nthawi zonse kudziwa ankayendetsa zonse wochokera ndi zochitika zina malonda. Pakuti onse moyo wake olemera ndi yochepa iye anali wokwatira kamodzi kokha - penapake mu 1917-18. mkazi wake anakhala Tsilya Averman, omwe ndi okongola m'nthawi analankhula ndi kuzizwa kwakukulu.

Mishka Jap anali sinafike okha basi ndi mphamvu ndi ndalama, choncho anaganiza kulowa otchedwa "wakuba Code" pakuti wakuswa omwe wolakwayo sanathe yekha chilango achotsa kwa "ntchito", ndipo palimodzi aphedwe. Komabe, iye anasankha kuchita popanda Vinnitsa "mokruhu". Panali ngakhale kulankhula kuti sakhoza kuyima pamaso pa magazi ndi mosavuta kutaya chikumbumtima zikufanana. Pankhani ya "malamulo", malinga ndi malamulo, mbava ndi analetsedwa kulanda madokotala, aluso ndi loya amene anapatsidwa ufulu moyo ndi ntchito.

Mishka Jap, amene moyo ndi enigmatic ndithu ofufuza ambiri kufuna kuti anazindikira mabwalo a anzeru ndi. Ngakhale mamembala ambiri mkulu wodana ndi adamuwopa, Vinnitsa pafupipafupi anaonekera m'madera osiyanasiyana chikhalidwe, zikhale za zisudzo, kapena msonkhano zolembalemba, kumene anamva ake. Young ndi mkazi wokongola Kunakhala Jap nthawi anatsagana naye pa makampeni zochitika zothandiza anthu. Iye ankadziwa bwino anthu ambiri nthawi, anthu ngakhale kuti mwa iwo anali Fyodor Chaliapin. Komanso ndinkakonda kukonza phwando phokoso, kumene matebulo othodwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse zokhwasula-khwasula ndi mizimu, umene okhala Chimoludaviyani dzina Mfumu.

Jap kulimbana ndi maulamuliro

Pa Civil nkhondo, zipolowe zinali paliponse, kuphatikizapo Odessa, imene 1917-1918. mphamvu anasintha kangapo. Aliyense wa iwo anayesetsa kukhazikitsa malamulo awo, koma Jap anapitiriza mphamvu ulamuliro wina uliwonse, chifukwa iye anali oipa ndi mochenjera, kumvera m'gawo lake, chimene iye ndi anthu ake adziwe wopeza. Malinga ndi malipoti ena pakati ankhondo a Civil nkhondo pansi pa utsogoleri wa Jap akhoza kukhala 10 chikwi. Man.

Mihail Vinnitsky anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa Odessa, kotero boma anatenga kuyesa kuposa wina kuti iye msewu. Mwachitsanzo, pa nthawi imene mzinda ndinkakhala nalo alonda White, General Denikin Schilling analamula osokoneza pansi pa Jap, koma alonda potsimikizira-nzeru amene namtsata Iye mu cafe Fanconi, analephera kumupha pa malopo, kotero ife anakakamizika kutenga pamodzi ndi ine. Mphekesera za kumangidwa kwa mtsogoleri wa Odessa mbava ndi liwiro zosaneneka anamwazikana mzinda wonsewo ndipo anafika Chimoludaviyani, choncho theka la ora kenako, achifwamba zida anathamanga kuchokera kumbali zonse kumanga potsimikizira-nzeru. Pomaliza, General Schilling anakakamizika kusiya kwa Jap m'tchire.

Kenako Vinnitsa anayesa kuti mulimbane ndi azungu, koma iwo anakana kupita pa kukhudzana, kotero kuti analengeza nkhondo pa iwo. Kuyambira pamenepo pakati Odessa mbava ndi woyera ndi kumenyana zonse. Nayenso boma nthawi zonse kumatsutsa Jap, musati kupitirira apo, ndi kumugwira osathetsedwa.

Jap ndi chikominisi

M'chaka cha 1919 ku Odessa Bolsheviks adabweranso. Poyamba, sanali okhulupirika kwa Jap ndipo ngakhale anam'chonderera thandizo Mwachitsanzo, iye anafunsidwa kukonza dongosolo la masiku a zoimbaimba chikondi. Choncho, pa misa lonse la kulengeza Odessa imatiuza za anali anapachika kuti dongosolo mu mzinda amaperekedwa ndi looting sadzakhala mpaka koloko m'mawa. Yosainidwa: "Mishka Jap." Wambiri mwa wolanda wotchuka zikuphatikizapo zinthu ngati chidwi. Tsopano anthu ake kupewa looting, koma iwo zikugwira kuonetsetsa kuti mu mzinda.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, wofiira, mphamvu ina iliyonse, iwo anayamba kukhazikitsa malamulo awo mu Odessa. Mikhail Vinnytsia ndi anthu ake komanso akuzunzidwa. Jap anali wokonzeka nayamba nazo zambiri anazindikira ntchito za boma latsopano, koma posakhalitsa Bolsheviks anayamba popanda mlandu kuwombera ana ake. Mtsogoleri wa raiders komanso ozembetsa anaganiza kuti nthawi zina kugona otsika. Iye kusanthula zinthu pa dziko, ndipo anazindikira kuti Bolsheviks mwachidziwikire kukhalabe mphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali.

Iye anafunika kusunga asilikali ake zikwi zambiri, ndi kukwaniritsa zimenezi iye akanakhoza njira ziwiri zokha kupambana kapena kudzipereka.

Nawo Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Lokopa Jap ndondomeko ndi yomweyo anayamba kugwiritsa izo. Choyamba, iye kalata mu nyuzipepala, pa lomwe limapezeka munthu kamodzi amene anatumikira zaka 12 chifukwa cha ntchito yake chosintha. Iye analemba kuti kumenyana kutsogolo, anatenga gawo mu kufalitsa magulu counterrevolutionary, ndipo ngakhale kumalo a asilikali a sitima oti muli nazo zida ... Koma yankho la kalata yake sanalandire konse.

Kumayambiriro kwa June 1919 Vinnitsa panokha ananena kuti dipatimenti Special wa Cheka 3 Chiyukireniya Army ndipo amafuna omvera ndi bwana wake. Mishka Jap, amene yonena kwa mphindi limatiuza za sachita mu Civil nkhondo, anafunsa chilolezo kupanga detachment amuna molamulidwa ndi iye yekha, ndi kuti agwirizane naye upainiya wa Red Army. Akuluakulu anapereka kuwala wobiriwira ndipo posachedwapa mtsogoleri wa Odessa mbava lotsogoleredwa ndi kumene analenga "Regiment 54th Soviet," wapangidwa ndi anthu 2400.

Kale mu July Jap Regiment anatumizidwa ku n'kunkhondo. Pamene asilikali kumene zinapangidwa amene kale chinkhoswe mu looting ndi kuzembetsa, anapita kutsogolo, ndinadzindikira iwo pafupifupi onse Odessa. Anthu anali kulira ndiponso kusangalala mipango. Odessans amanyadira mbava awo. Film za Mishka Jap, amene chabe analanda nkhani imeneyi, mwangwiro amapereka chikhalidwe cha nthawi.

Jap Regiment mbali ya 2 Brigade Kotovskogo, amene poyamba anali ndi mnzake wakale wa mtsogoleri wa zigawenga. The Regiment nawo nkhondo ndi asilikali a Simona Petlyury ndi yapindula wabwino. Koma atsogoleri a Red Army, amene anali Kotovskij nkhawa chikoka kukula kwa Vinnitsa pa nkhondo. Iwo adapangana kuti amuphe ndi Regiment ake kungafooketse. Koma monga mkulu wa Red Army sakanakhoza kupha monga choncho, popanda mlandu, iwo anaganiza msampha iye.

mfumu imfa

Chimbalangondo Vinnitsa anatumizidwa ku likulu la ankaimbidwa "kubwezeretsa". Komanso, iye anauzidwa kuti akuyembekezera utumiki watsopano, koma Jap anakwiyanso anzeru, choncho nthawi yomweyo anakhala zolakwika. Kuti apulumutse anthu ake, analamula kuti ambiri a iwo okha kupita ku Odessa mu njira yozungulira. Iye mwini amatenga pang'ono kuposa amuna zana nayitana "kubwezeretsa". Pamsonkhano wina wa malo, pamodzi ndi anthu ake, iye wabwera sitimayo ndipo akutenga sitima, kuwauza woyendetsa kutsatira Odessa. zochitika wotsatira, polongosola mphindi yotsiriza ya moyo wa Odessa wakuba, ndithu momveka bwino chinaonekeranso mwa zakuti "Moyo ndi Zopatsa Chidwi cha Mishka Jap."

Iye sanali tidalamula kuti kwathu ndi. Mmodzi wa anthu a Vinnitsa, mtumiki wa pa 54th Regiment, Alexander Feldman, anali woukira dziwitsani kasamalidwe za zolinga za Vinnitsa. Phunzitsani Jap, ndi terminus amene anali kukhala Odessa, anadutsa Voznesensk, kumene akhadikhira magawano apakavalo. Ankhondo ake linatseka magalimoto, ndi Jap anatsimikizidwa anamangidwa. Pambuyo anakana ndikupereka zida zawo, mkulu wa detachment anafika kumbuyo kwake Nikifor Ursula anamuwombera kumbuyo. Zimbalangondo Jap imfa inali yomweyo, Red Army anali kuwombera kachiwiri. Kotero iye anaphedwa mtsogoleri wa wotchuka Odessa ozembetsa ndi raiders.

zinanso

Tinkakambirana kwambiri za Yaponchik, koma pafupifupi chilichonse kulankhula za banja lake. mkazi wake Tsilya Averman pang'ono amadziwika, kupatula kuti iye anali woyamba ndi mkazi wake yekhayo. Mwamuna wake anaphedwa, mkazi wake Kunakhala Jap namuka ndipo anakakhala ku France, kumene ankakhala ndi moyo wake wonse. Tikudziwanso kuti iwo anali ndi mwana wamkazi, dzina lake Adele. Celia, kupita kudziko lina, sakanakhoza kutenga nawo Gahena. Mwana Kunakhala Jap zaka zomalizira za moyo wake anakhala mu Baku, pamene iye anafa mu 1990

Chimbalangondo Vinnitsa anali wotchuka pa moyo wake ndi imfa yake anakhala nthano konse. About anauzidwa nkhani zambiri zomwe mwina si oona, koma ndi chitsimikizo cha kutchuka kwa Odessa bandit. Soviet wolemba Isaac Babele analenga khalidwe Benya Krik, ndi zinachitika umene unali Jap. Ndipo mu 2011 siriyo filimu "The Life ndi Zopatsa Chidwi cha Mishka Jap" inajambulidwa mu Odessa. Ngakhale kuti zochitika zasonyezedwa mmenemo sali owona, ambiri, filimuyi zokongola amapereka mlengalenga azionerera wa Odessa m'ma XX ndi raiders ake, ozembetsa, ndiponso anthu ena zokongola.