Mitosis ali ndi chimene ndondomeko chimachitika prophase wa mitosis?

mitosis ndi meiosis ndi zomwe gawo ali ndi chiyani? Izi magawano khungu, amene ali kusiyana. Pamene meiosis anayi wocheperapo anapanga ku phata kholo imene chepetse chiwerengero DNA (kawiri). Pa mitosis likugwiritsidwanso magawano selo, koma mtundu anapanga awiri okha maselo mwana wamkazi ndi DNA chimodzimodzi monga makolo.

Choncho ndi zimene mitosis ndi meiosis? Izi kugawira njira zamoyo imene maselo anapanga ndi DNA ena. Kubereka ndi mitosis amapezeka zamoyo multicellular, tizilombo zovuta moyo.

siteji

Mitosis chikuchitika mu magawo awiri:

1. Anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri zambiri pa mlingo chibadwa. Apa maselo mayi analigawa pakati pa mfundo ndi chibadwa. Pa nthawi imeneyi, a DNA yasinthika.
2. Mitotic siteji. Amakhala ndi nthaŵi.

Cell mapangidwe kumachitika panthawi angapo.

gawo

Mitosis lagawidwa magawo angapo:

• telophase;
• anaphase;
• metaphase;
• prophase.

mbali zimenezi zikuchitika mu ndondomeko zina ndi ndi makhalidwe awo.

Mu mitosis aliwonse Mipikisano ma kumafuna selo gulu la mtundu undifferentiated. Pa mitosis selo kholo limagaŵikana mwana, kawirikawiri awiri a iwo. Mmodzi wa iwo akukhala tsinde ndipo akupitiriza magawano, ndipo chachiwiri amasiya kugawaniza.

interphase

Interphase - yokonzekera selo kupatukana. Childs, stepi ino atuluka kwa maola makumi awiri. Panthawi imeneyi, wasefukira kwambiri njira zosiyanasiyana, imene maselo kukonzekera kuti mitosis.

Nthawi imeneyi pali gulu la mapuloteni, organelles ukuwonjezeka kuchuluka mu dongosolo DNA. Pakutha gulu la tinthu majini ndi kawiri, ndipo topangira DNA ndi sanasinthe. Zofanana DNA ndi spliced ndi chromatids awiri kam'bulu kamodzi. Anapanga chromatids zofanana ndipo mlongo.

Nditamaliza wa interphase wa mitosis akuyamba kwenikweni. Amakhala prophase, metaphase, anaphase ndi telophase.

prophase

Gawo loyamba la mitosis - prophase izo. Chimakhala pafupi ora. Iwo conventionally kugawidwa mu magawo angapo. Pa siteji koyamba mu prophase wa mitosis nucleolus ndi kuchuluka, chifukwa cha zomwe mamolekyulu ndi kupangidwa. Pakutha gawo lililonse khromozomu wapangidwa ndi chromatids awiri kale. Nucleoli ndi Kakhungu nyukiliya zimene kusungunuka, magulu onse ali mu khola mu nyansi. Komanso, mu prophase wa mitosis aumbike achromatin magawano gawo yarns umadutsa selo lonse, ndi ena olumikizidwa kwa zinthu chapakati. Mu ndondomekoyi, zili pa malamulo majini amakhalabe sichinasinthe.

topangira DNA mu prophase wa mitosis sasintha. Kodi chimachitika zina? Mu prophase wa mitosis amapezeka azingokhala envelopu nyukiliya, zomwe zinachititsa mwauzimu DNA kuwonekera cytoplasm lapansi. Particles envelopu nyukiliya ndisungunuka kupanga yaing'ono Kakhungu vesicles.

Mu prophase wa mitosis, zotsatirazi kumachitika: selo nyama amakhala chonse, koma sizisintha mawonekedwe a zomera.

metaphase

Pambuyo prophase metaphase akuyamba. Mu gawo ili, DNA helix ukufika pachimake. Adzafupikitsidwa DNA ayamba kusamukira ku malo a khungu. Pa ankayendayenda, iwo anayikidwa mofanana mbali zonse. Pali anapanga metaphase mbale. Mukamakambirana maselo kuoneka bwino bwino asakhale ndi vutoli. Ndi mu metaphase ali n'kosavuta.

Pambuyo mapangidwe DNA metaphase anapereka za kufufuza, yeniyeni mtundu cha ndende. Izi zimachitika ndi kutsekereza DNA ntchito alkaloids.

Chamoyo chilichonse waika yake DNA. Mwachitsanzo, 20 chimanga ndi strawberries m'munda - 56. Mu thupi DNA zosakwana zipatso, onse 46.

anaphase

njira zonse mu prophase wa mitosis ikutha ndipo akuyamba anaphase. Pa ndondomekoyi, kugwirizana onse osweka khromozomu ndipo anayamba kusamukira ku zomenyanazo a wina ndi mzake. Mu ofanana anaphase DNA adziimire paokha. Iwo analowa mu zosiyanasiyana maselo.

Gawo diverging malekezero ku maselo mizati chromatids. Komanso apa ndi kufalitsa uthengawu ku maselo pakati pa bulanchi ndi selo kholo.

telophase

DNA ili mizati. Mu maso, akukhala zimavuta kuona chifukwa pachimake chipolopolo aumbike owazungulira. Spindle ali inawonongedwa.

Zomera, Kakhungu aumbike mwa pakati pa foni, ndipo akutambasula pang'onopang'ono mitengoyo. Iye ndi foni mayi ukugawa pawiri. Kamodzi Kakhungu ndi wamkulu, pali mapadi khoma.

Features mitosis

Cell magawano mungathe The mabuleki chifukwa kutentha, kukhudzana ndi poizoni, cheza. Pa kafukufuku wa maselo mitotic mu zamoyo zosiyanasiyana multicellular angagwiritsidwe ntchito ziphe kuti ziletsa mitosis pa siteji metaphase. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuphunzira zambiri DNA, kunyamula kariotopirovanie.

Mitosis mu Table

Tikambirana mbali ya kugawikana khungu mu tebulo pansipa.

The ndondomeko ya masitepe mitosis komanso Tingaone tebulo.

Mitosis nyama ndi zomera

Features ya Ntchito imeneyi anafotokoza tebulo poyerekeza.

Choncho tinakambirana za ndondomeko ya kugawikana khungu mu zamoyo nyama ndi zomera, komanso chikhalidwe chawo ndi zosiyana.