Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a kusowa ntchito

Ulova ndi mnzake wosapeŵeka wa chuma cha msika ndipo ulipo m'dziko lililonse. Kuphatikiza ndi kulemera, ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimachepetsa miyoyo ya anthu. Kodi chodabwitsa ichi ndi chiyani?

Ulova ndi ntchito yanthawi yochepa ya anthu ambiri. Zimayambira muzochitika momwe ntchito yopezera ntchito pa chifukwa chilichonse kupitirira kufunika kwake. Zifukwa zikhoza kukhala kugwedezeka kwachuma, pamene kuchuluka kwa ntchito kukuchepa ndipo antchito zikwi zikwi amasulidwa, ntchito zamakono zatsopano, zomwe zipangizo zamakono zatsopano zimayendera zimafuna anthu ochepa, ndi zina zambiri. Mitundu yosiyana ya kusowa kwa ntchito imayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Ulova ndi vuto lalikulu pa chuma cha dziko. Ngati chiwerengero chake chaching'ono chikhonza kukhala malo osungirako ndalama zambiri, kukula kwakukulu sikukutanthauza kuti phindu la phindu la GDP, komanso mliri wa ndale mpaka pakhale kusintha kwa mphamvu.

Kwa anthu wamba, kusowa ntchito ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Munthu amene wataya ntchito amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu azachuma ndi makhalidwe. Kuwonjezera pa zovuta zakuthupi ndi kuchepa kwa moyo, amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri, amamva kutayidwa kunja kwa moyo, osatetezedwa. Kudzidalira kwa osagwira ntchito kumachepa kwambiri, makamaka ngati simungapeze ntchito yatsopano. Nthawi zina, kusowa kwa ntchito kumangokhalira kuwonongeka kwa munthu payekha, kumayambitsa anthu kumwa ndi kusokoneza bongo. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri.

Economists amasiyanitsa mitundu ikuluikulu ya ntchito:

Kusagwira ntchito. Zimakhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje atsopano, kupanga zamakono, pamene chiwerengero ndi ziyeneretso za malo osungirako ntchito nthawi zonse zikusinthidwa. Monga lamulo, ena mwa ogwira ntchitowa akuchotsedwa, ena - kubwezeretsa.

Kusagwira ntchito kwafungo. Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yosunthira antchito pakati pa mabungwe, makampani ndi mizinda. Chifukwa cha kufufuza ntchito yatsopano, mbali ina ya anthu ambiri nthawi zonse imakhala yosatetezedwa, yomwe ndi yachilengedwe. Dongosolo la mawonekedwe a kusowa ntchito (structural and frictional) ndizosapeŵeka ndi zachilengedwe mu chuma chamsika.

Kupitiliza. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa katundu ndi ntchito ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha antchito m'maderawa. Kupewera kotereku kumachitika panthawi ya mavuto azachuma.

Nyengo. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokolola pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makampani ndi malonda.

Usowa wobisika. Zofunikira kwa chuma cha Russia. Zimaphatikizapo kuti, panthawi ya kugwa kwa ntchito, mmalo mochotsa ogwira ntchito "owonjezera," antchito amawatumiza ku masamba osalipidwa, osamutsidwa kwa nthawi yochepa. Mwachizoloŵezi, anthu oterowo sali a ntchito, koma kwenikweni pali zizindikiro zonse za kusowa ntchito.

Mitundu ina ya kusowa kwa ntchito ndi, kwachikulu kapena chochepa, yogwirizana ndi munthuyo, chikhumbo chake chogwira ntchito. Monga mukudziwira, munthu wosakhala ndi ntchito ali ndi munthu wogwira ntchito yemwe sakugwira ntchito, akuyang'ana ntchito ndikukonzekera mwamsanga. Anthu opanda ntchito ayenera kulembedwa ku malo apadera ogwira ntchito ndipo sayenera kusiya ntchito yomwe imaperekedwa ngati iyenso ikuyenerera.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali anthu ena omwe alibe ntchito, omwe oimira awo sakufuna ntchito.

Kusagwira ntchito kosalekeza. Zimakhala zochitika pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa chuma, zomwe zimayambitsa ndondomeko yowonjezera yopezera ntchito yabwino. Anthu omwe akufufuza nthawi zonse ntchito yotaya ntchito kuti apeze ntchito ndi kubwezeretsa gulu la "nthawi zonse kufunafuna". Izi zimaphatikizapo nthumwi za chikhalidwe chochepa cha anthu omwe, chifukwa cha maphunziro osakwanira ndi maphunziro apadera, amapeza ntchito molimbika.

Ntchito yodzipereka. Anthu ambiri amatsutsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo, mozama, sangaganizidwe ngati alibe ntchito. Awa ndi anthu amene ali ndi magwero a ndalama monga mwachitsanzo, kubwereka kapena chiwongoladzanja chomwe chimaperekedwa ndipo simukufunikira kugwira ntchito kuchokera ku malingaliro azachuma. Izi zimaphatikizapo amayi azimayi omwe akulera ana osati kukonzekera kulandira ndalama zokha.

Pali mitundu ina ya umphawi - dera, achinyamata, ndi zina zotero.