M'mapapo ntchito. mapapo anthu: kapangidwe, ntchito

Malinga ngati munthu ali moyo, izo amapuma. Kodi kupuma? Zimenezi, amene mosalekeza anapereka ndi ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala ndi mpweya ndipo amachotsa mpweya woipa m'thupi chifukwa cha ntchito dongosolo kuwombola. Iwo amachita njira zofunika kwambiri zimenezi za dongosolo kupuma, omwe amalankhula mwachindunji ndi mtima wa. Kumvetsa mmene kuwombola mpweya amapezeka mu thupi la munthu, ayenera kuphunzira kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya m'mapapo.

Nchifukwa chiani munthu kupuma?

Njira yokhayo kupeza mpweya ndi kupuma. Long kuchedwa n'zosatheka, popeza thupi amafuna mtanda wina. N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika mpweya? Popanda izo sizidzachitika kagayidwe, ubongo ndi ziwalo zina zonse. Ndi nawo zakudya mpweya yogawikana, mphamvu anamasulidwa mukachipinda limayenda mwa iwo. Mpweya amatchedwa mpweya kuwombola. Ndipo zimenezi n'zoona. Pambuyo makamaka kupuma dongosolo bodza chakuti kwa mpweya wagwidwa thupi kukatenga mpweya ndi mpweya linanena bungwe.

ndi mapapo anthu Kodi

Matenda a iwo zovuta kwambiri ndi variable. thupi ili amawonjezera. malo - chifuwa patsekeke. Kuwala Ufumuyo mtima pa mbali zonse - lamanja ndi lamanzere. Nature mbamphedza kuti ziwalo izi zofunika akutetezedwa kwa kuthamanga, mantha, etc. The chotchinga kutsogolo kwa avulala .. The pachifuwa, kumbuyo - msana ndiponso m'mbali - m'mbali.

Kuwala kwenikweni lodzala ndi mazana a nthambi za bronchi, ndi anthu ili pa malekezero a kukula alveoli la singano. Iwo ali mu thupi la munthu wolimba, pali mpaka mamiliyoni 300. The alveoli ndi yofunika kwambiri: iwo kupereka zipangizo ndi magazi ndi mpweya, ndi dongosolo yaikulu, kupezera banja kuwombola mpweya lokulirapo. Tangoganizani iwo akhoza kuphimba nkhope yonse ya bwalo tennis!

Mu maonekedwe mapapo amafanana theka phirilo m'munsi mwa amene ali pafupi chifundamtima, ndi pamwamba ndi malekezero anamaliza protrude masentimita 2-3 pamwamba clavicle lapansi. Koma thupi achilendo ndi mapapo anthu. Matenda a lamanja ndi Lobe chatsalira ndi osiyana. Choncho, pang'ono poyamba yaikulu mu buku kuposa wachiwiri, akadali pang'ono wamfupi ndi onse. Bungwe theka aphimbidwa pleura, wopangidwa mwa mapepala awiri, wina spliced ku nthiti, ndi zina - ndi padziko phapo. The pleura akunja ndi maselo glandular, imene amapangidwa mu pleural M'mimbamo madzimadzi.

Pamwamba lamkati la lililonse m'mapapo ali kuzamitsa wotchedwa chipata. Zikuphatikizapo bronchi, m'munsi mwa amene ali ndi maonekedwe a mtengo nthambi, ndi mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga, ndi masamba awiri mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga.

mapapo anthu. ntchito yawo

Kumene, mu thupi palibe ziwalo sekondale. Zofunika kuonetsetsa moyo wa munthu ndipo opepuka. Kodi mtundu wa ntchito amachitiramu?

• Kuweta m'mapapo ntchito - kugwira ndondomeko kupuma. Munthu akukhala monga kupuma. Mukasiya otaya mpweya mu thupi, munthu amafa.
• anthu m'mapapo ntchito ndi kumasula carbon dioxide, kotero kuti thupi imayendetsedwa ndi muyezo asidi-zamchere. Kudzera matupi awa lidzakhala lopanda kosakhazikika: mowa, amoniya, acetone, chloroform ndi efa.

• anthu m'mapapo ntchito sikuthetsa kumeneko. Wophatikizidwa limba akadali nawo kuyeretsedwa ndi mwazi, umene umabwera mu kukhudzana ndi mpweya. The chifukwa ndi chidwi mankhwala anachita. Mpweya mamolekyulu mu mpweya ndi mpweya mamolekyulu mu magazi zauve ndi kubwezedwa, mwachitsanzo. E. Mpweya m'malo mpweya.
• Various m'mapapo ntchito ndi kuchita nawo mbali mu madzi kuwombola zikuchitika mu thupi. Kudzera linanena bungwe izi 20% ya madzi.
• Mapapo gulu yogwira mu ndondomeko thermoregulation. Iwo kupereka 10% ya m'mlengalenga pamene kutentha mpweya mlengalenga.
• Lamulo clotting magazi sakhala wopanda nawo ndondomeko n'zosavuta.

Kodi mapapo anu ntchito?

anthu m'mapapo ntchito ndi kukhala ndi mpweya mu magazi kunyamula mpweya, ntchito, ndi mpweya excrete. Kuwala - m'malo lalikulu matupi zofewa ndi minofu chofewa ngati siponji. mpweya Mpweya akulowa sacs mpweya. Amawapatula ndi stenochke woonda ndi capillaries.

Pakati magazi ndi maselo chabe mpweya. Choncho chifukwa woonda makoma mpweya Mpweya musati kupanga zopinga zimene zimalimbikitsa passability zabwino mwa iwo. Pankhaniyi, anthu m'mapapo ntchito ndi ntchito achire zofunika ndi zosafunika mpweya. M'mapapo minofu ndi zotanuka kwambiri. Inhalation ndi kukula kwa chifuwa ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya m'mapapo.

Windpipe ankaimira mphuno, pharynx, kholingo trachea, ali mawonekedwe a chubu cha 10-15 cm m'litali, anagawa pawiri, ndipo amatchedwa bronchi. Mpweya kudutsa iwo, akupita ku sacs mpweya. A expiratory m'mapapo buku kuchepetsa zikachitika, kuchepetsa kukula kwa chifuwa, ndi tsankho kutsekedwa kwa vavu m'mapapo mwanga kuti amalola mpweya kutuluka kachiwiri. Umo ndi momwe mapapo anthu.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ngati kuti mphamvu ya thupi chimaonekera mwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya Mpweya ndi wotuluka tikamapuma. Choncho, amuna ndi wofanana pints asanu, akazi - zisanu. Kuwala samabwera wopanda konse. mpweya otsalira pambuyo mpweya wotchedwa yotsalira. Pamene wina akapuma ndi wothira mpweya wabwino. Choncho, mpweya - ndi ozindikira kukomoka nthawi yomweyo ndondomeko imene kumachitika nthawi zonse. Man kupuma pamene akugona, koma sachita kuganiza za izo. Pankhaniyi, ngati n'koyenera angakhale mwachidule linasokonekera kupuma. Mwachitsanzo, pamene m'madzi.

Zosangalatsa za kugwira ntchito kwa mapapo

Iwo amatha kutulutsa malita 10,000 mpweya Mpweya patsiku. Koma si nthawi zonse loonekeratu. Pamodzi ndi mpweya amaperekedwa mu thupi fumbi majeremusi athu ambiri ndi tinthu yachilendo. Choncho, ntchito ya m'mapapo chitetezo zosafunika onse oipa mu mlengalenga.

bronchial makoma ndi zambiri villi ting'onoting'ono. Iwo anafunika kuti kuzengereza majeremusi ndi fumbi. amatope A imene chakudya airway maselo khoma lubricates ndi villi, kenako akatulutsidwa kunja pamene expectoration.

Kapangidwe ka dongosolo kupuma

Amakhala ndi ziwalo ndipo zimakhala, zomwe kwathunthu kupereka mpweya wabwino ndi wathanzi. Mu iyeyo kuwombola mpweya - mbali yaikulu mu kagayidwe - udindo wa dongosolo kupuma. Chomalizachi chili ndi ntchito m'mapapo mwanga (kunja) kupuma. Pamafunikanso:

1. Airways, wopangidwa mwa mphuno ndi cavities ake, kholingo trachea, bronchi.

Mphuno ndi M'mimbamo yake usavutike, humidified ndi osasankhidwa Mpweya mpweya. kuyeretsedwa kwake zimatheka ndi tsitsi zambiri ouma ndi maselo muyeso ndi cilia.

m'phuno ili pakati pa muzu wa lilime ndi trachea. M'mimbamo ake mucous nembanemba lagawidwa mu makutu awiri. iwo ali pakati si kwathunthu zinaphatikizidwa. Kusiyana pakati pa iwo akutchedwa mawu.

The trachea limachokera ku m'mphako ya. The thorax lagawidwa bronchi ndi: lamanja ndi lamanzere.

2. kuwala kuli nthambi ziwiya, bronchioles ndi alveolar sacs. Iwo anayamba kugawikana mwapang'onopang'ono bronchi waukulu mu tubules kukula yaing'ono, ndipo amatchedwa bronchioles. Iwo zigwirizana kakang'ono nyumba zidutswa za kuwala - wedges.

Womwe ndi mtsinje m'mapapo mwanga amanyamula magazi a ventricle lamanja la mtima. Iwo agawidwa lamanzere ndi lamanja. Nthambi mitsempha ayenera kutsata ndi matenda, criss-ankawoloka alveoli ndi kupanga capillaries yaing'ono.

3. minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo, chifukwa umene munthu si kayendedwe kupuma.

Izi minofu nthiti, ndi zakulera. Iwo kuyang kukhulupirika kwa Airways ndi kuwasunga iwo mu zosiyanasiyana kugwedeza ndi kayendedwe ka thupi. Minofu pangano ndi ulesi, zimathandiza kuti zisinthe mu buku la pachifuwa. Kabowo lakonzedwa kulekanitsa pachifuwa M'mimbamo kuchokera m'mimba lapansi. Ndi minofu waukulu nawo kupuma bwinobwino.

Man amapuma mphuno yake. Kenako, mpweya umadutsa njira pneumatic ndi mu mapapo munthu, dongosolo ndi ntchito za zimene zimapereka ntchito zina za dongosolo kupuma. Ichi mwangwiro chinthu thupi. Chotero mpweya amatchedwa mphuno. Mu M'mimbamo ya thupi koopsa, humidification ndi kuyeretsa mpweya. Ngati mucosa m'mphuno ndi sakumvetsa, munthu sneezes, ndi kuyamba nadzawasankhula ntchofu zozitetezera. M'mphuno kupuma kungakhale kovuta. Ndiye, mpweya wolowera pakamwa mu mmero. Pa ngati mpweya kunena kuti ndi m'kamwa ndi zoona, ndi pathological. Pankhaniyi linaphwanya ntchito m'mphuno kuchititsa matenda osiyana kupuma thirakiti.

mpweya anatumizidwa kuchokera pharynx ndi m'phuno, amene amagwira ntchito zina, kuwonjezera onyamula mpweya pa mundawo kupuma, makamaka reflexogenic. Ngati pali mkwiyo wa thupi, pali chifuwa kapena kuphipha. Komanso, m'phuno ndi amene amalima phokoso. Izi ndi zofunika kwa munthu aliyense, monga kulankhulana ake ndi anthu ena kudutsa kulankhula. Trachea ndi bronchi kupitiriza kutenthetsa ndi humidify mpweya, koma - osati ntchito yaikulu. Pogwira ntchito yina, iwo zonse buku la mpweya Mpweya.

Kupuma dongosolo. ntchito

The mumpweya, mu kapangidwe kake lili mpweya umene ukhoza mu thupi lathu kudzera pakhungu. Koma kuchuluka kwake sikokwanira kuti zikhale ndi moyo. Chifukwa cha ichi dongosolo kupuma. Yonyamula zinthu zofunika ndiponso gasi amachita mitsempha ya magazi. Kapangidwe ka dongosolo kupuma ndi moti amatha kupereka thupi ndi mpweya ndipo amachotsa mpweya. Iwo amachita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Nthawi kuchititsa, izo moisturizes ndi degreasing mpweya, amachotsa fumbi.
• Kumatetezera Airways kupeza zidutswa za chakudya.
• Amachititsa mpweya mu trachea ku m'mphako ya.
• Bwino kuwombola mpweya pakati mapapo ndi magazi.
• Amakweza magazi venous m'mapapo.
• Oxygenates magazi ndipo amachotsa mpweya.
• Izo ndi ntchito yake yoteteza.
• Kuchedwa ndi dissolves kuundana, particles chiyambi emboli yachilendo.
• Achiritsa kuwombola zinthu zofunika.

Choona chidwi kuti ndi zaka pali magwiridwe zochepa dongosolo kupuma. Amachepetsa mlingo wa mpweya wabwino ndi ntchito ya kupuma. Chifukwa matenda amenewa angakhale kusintha zosiyanasiyana mafupa ndi minofu ya umunthu. Chifukwa, amasintha mawonekedwe a chifuwa, sayenda ake amachepetsa. Izi amachepetsa mphamvu dongosolo kupuma.

gawo kupuma

Pamene wina akapuma mpweya kuchokera alveoli m'mapapo mwanga mu magazi, ndicho erythrocytes. Choncho, m'malo mwake, mpweya woipa umadutsa mu mlengalenga, zimene zili oxygen. Popeza Zofika ndi mpweya kutuluka m'mapapo kukakamiza mu ukuwonjezeka limba, omwe amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe mpweya.

Monga inu kutulutsa anzawo olengedwa alveoli a m'mapapo pamwamba mumlengalenga. Ayamba pochitika yogwira mayamwidwe mpweya: mpweya woipa ndi oxygen.

Nthawi zonse chete analenga pambuyo mpweya. Ichi ndi chifukwa palibe mayamwidwe mpweya, kuyambira mavuto mpweya otsala mu mapapo pang'ono, makamakanso kuposa mumlengalenga.

Pamene ine kupuma - ndimakhala. The ndondomeko ya kupuma

• Mwana mkati mwa chiberekero, mpweya wolowera magazi ake, kotero mapapo mwana sali nawo mbali, ali odzazidwa ndi madzi. Pamene mwana wabadwa ndipo amapanga mpweya wake woyamba, mapapo anayamba ntchito. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ziwalo kupuma ngati kuti akhoza kupereka thupi ndi mpweya ndipo amachotsa mpweya.
• The chizindikiro cha kuchuluka Napempha kwa mpweya mu nthawi imeneyi yeniyeni akutenga malo kupuma, limene lili mu ubongo. Choncho, pa kugona mpweya chofunikila ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi nthawi ntchito.
• Voliyumu ya mpweya umene ukubwerawo mu mapapo kumalamuliridwa ndi mauthenga, wotumidwa kwa ubongo.

• Pa chizindikiro ichi kuti udzaphwanya zakulera, chifukwa mu anatambasula a chifuwa. Izi maximizes kuchuluka kwa amene anagonjetsedwa ndi kukula kwa mapapo pa inhalation.
• Pa mpweya, ndi zakulera pansi ndi minofu intercostal, voliyumu ya chifuwa yafupika. Apa tikutengegeredwa ku athamangitsidwe wa mpweya m'mapapo.

mitundu ya kupuma

• Clavicular. Pamene munthu hunched, manja ake anawuka, ndi pamimba ali wothinikizidwa. Izi zikusonyeza osakwanira otaya mpweya mu thupi.
• Thoracic kupuma. Iwo amakhala ndi kukula kwa pachifuwa chifukwa minofu intercostal. ziwalo zimathandiza kuti kupuma mpweya machulukitsidwe wa thupi. Njira imeneyi ndi mwangwiro Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi yabwino kwa amayi apakati.
• Nato kupuma chimadzaza mpweya, zigawo m'munsi ziwalo. Nthawi zambiri kupuma kotero othamanga ndi amuna. Njira imeneyi ndi zothandiza kalasi zolimbitsa thupi.

Palibe zodabwitsa iwo amanena kuti mpweya - kalilole wa maganizo. Choncho, zamaganizo Lowen wakhala anaona yopambana malumikizanidwe chikhalidwe ndi mtundu wa maganizo chisokonezo munthu. Anthu amene sachedwa akuchita misala, ndi kulowerera kupuma chapamwamba pachifuwa. Munthu ndi mtundu neurotic khalidwe ndi kupuma mimba chachikulu. Kawirikawiri anthu ali osokonezeka kupuma, amene nawonso chifuwa ndi zakulera.

kuwala osuta

Kusuta ndi nkhonya amphamvu kupolisi. Fodya lili phula, chikonga ndi wa hydrogen cyanide. zinthu izi zoipa ndi luso mtsukowo pa minofu m'mapapo, chifukwa mu imfa ya chiwalo zaminyewa. Mapapo munthu wathanzi kosamugonjera njira zimenezi.

Mu osuta kuyatsa zauve imvi kapena lakuda mtundu chifukwa kudzikundikira nambala yaikulu maselo akufa. Koma si mbali zonse negative. m'mapapo ntchito ndi kwambiri yafupika. Yambani njira zoipa zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa. Motero, munthu akudwala aakulu obstructive m'mapapo mwanga matenda, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha kulephera kupuma. Iye, nayenso amachititsa kuyan'anila zambiri zimene zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa oxygen zimakhala thupi.

malonda Social ali zonse anasonyeza tatifupi, zithunzi ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuwala ndi wathanzi wosuta. Ndipo anthu ambiri amene sanamvepo anatola ndudu, mitima inkakhala pansi. Koma musakhale choncho n'zolimbikitsa yekha, kukhulupirira kuti pamaso eerie, lomwe ndi kuwala wosuta, amakhala nanu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi kusiyana wapadera kunja pa Koyamba, palibe. Ngakhale X-ray chifanizo kapena munthu wabwinobwino pachifuwa X-ray sankafuna, utsi wa anthu kapena ayi. Ndiponso, palibe dokotala wodziwa za vutoli sangathe kutsimikizira mtheradi, ngati munthu anali ndi chizolowezi chosuta fodya pa moyo wake mpaka detects zizindikiro lililonse: mkhalidwe wa bronchi ndi, chikasu zala ndi zina zotero. N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Iwo likukhalira kuti zinthu zoipa akuyandama onyansa mzinda mpweya, kulowa matupi athu mu njira yomweyo monga fodya mu mapapo ...

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito za thupi ndi anafuna kuteteza thupi. Amadziwika kuti poizoni kuwononga m'mapapo minofu, amene kenako, chifukwa kudzikundikira maselo akufa, amakhala mdima mtundu.

ndicho malonda chiyani? Basi pa zithunzi ndi zolemba poyerekeza akamachita matupi a munthu wamkulundi mwana ....

Chidwi za kupuma ndi dongosolo kupuma

• Mapapo ndi kukula kwa dzanja.
• Volume wophatikizidwa limba - 5 malita. Koma si bwino ntchito. Kuti kupuma yachibadwa zokwanira 0,5 malita. Voliyumu ya mpweya yotsalira ndi imodzi ndi theka malita. Ngati ife kuwerengera, ndiye malita atatu okha buku mpweya nthawi zonse mu malo.
• Akulu munthu, ndi zokayikitsa mpweya wake. miniti imodzi wakhanda inhales, exhales nthawi makumi asanu, ndi wachinyamata - makumi, wamkulu - nthawi khumi.
• Mu ola limodzi, munthu amapanga mpweya zikwi tsiku - twente-sikisi sauzande, m'chaka - naini miliyoni. Ndiponso, amuna ndi akazi kupuma njira yomweyo. M'chaka chimodzi yoyamba miliyoni 670 mpweya, ndipo chachiwiri - 746.
• mphindi Munthu mufunika ndi malita asanu ndi atatu ndi theka voliyumu mpweya.

Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, tinganene: kuwala kwa amamuyang'anira. Ngati inu muli Ndi chipeneko pa udindo wa boma lake kupuma, dokotala.