Moto choipitsa wa peyala: chithandizo. Matenda a peyala

Peyala - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wotchuka kwambiri mitengo m'munda, chimene chikuzika mwa wamaluwa chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma ndi wathanzi. Komabe, izi chomera wobzalidwa, monga ena onse, ali woyenera zosiyanasiyana matenda. Mmodzi wa yoopsa kwambiri ndi choipitsa wa peyala. Chithandizo mwina motalika kokwanira ndi musataye Zotsatira, makamaka ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala chilengedwe ndi matenda bakiteriya. wamaluwa zambiri kutaya nthawi yambiri pa izi mpheto achabechabe, ndipo pamene iwo kuzindikira zimene akuchita, kupulumutsa mtengo yatha kwambiri.

ndi moto choipitsa Kodi

wamaluwa ambiri sakudziwa mmene kuzindikira matenda oopsa, nchifukwa chake kutaya nthawi yambiri, koma pali mwayi ochepa kupulumutsa mtengo. Ena mwa matenda amenewa ndi oopsa kwambiri ndi moto choipitsa wa peyala. Chithandizo zimadalira m'mene mwamsanga matenda zolondola, komanso ngati pali pafupi atangochimwa mitengo ena kuti akhoza kukhala zakhudzana. Pakali pano, akatswiri ayesetsa ambiri kupeza njira kuthana nazo, koma ngakhale izi, matenda akupitiriza kuononga minda.

Choyamba moto choipitsa anali atazindikira mwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Pambuyo pa zaka 150 matenda yafalikira mu Africa lapansi. Tsopano izo zimapezeka padziko lonse, nthawi zonse kunali minda. Ziwalo zonse pansi zomera amakhudza moto choipitsa wa peyala. Chithandizo ayenera kuyamba pa magawo oyambirira, apo ayi mwina ntchito.

zizindikiro

Kodi moto choipitsa? ndondomeko umayamba inflorescences ndi mofulumira chimakwirira mtengo lonse mu uthunthu wake. Kulephera amapezeka nthambi ndi mphukira. M'chaka inu adzaona mmene matenda kubweza kutsegula kwa masamba, amene kuwononga, youma, koma musati kuguluka, koma kupitiriza kumtunda nthambi. Pamene matenda anapha mtengo pa nthawi ya maluwa, nayonso mdima ndi zokha mitundu. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuwononga nthambi achinyamata ndi masamba, iwo kudziponya pamodzi, koma m'malo. N'chifukwa chake nthendayo imatchedwa "Antonov moto." Peyala ali ngati wakuda yopsereza, zopanda moyo, koma ndi maluwa, zipatso zonse ndi masamba.

Kenako, matenda ukusunthira pansi mbiya. Ndikaganizira kuchitira moto choipitsa wa peyala, mwina kale mochedwa kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyi, koma ndi ofunika pofuna kupulumutsa onse a m'munda kuti mitengo ina kuti si kuwawa tsoka chomwecho. Pa nthawi imeneyi, inu mukhoza kuwona momwe kutumphuka kufewetsa. Iye amagwetsa kuoneka yamkaka mtundu woyera, iwo amatchedwa exudate. Makungwa kuzungulira Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa danga chitsanzo chosiyana ndi chikusonyeza red-bulauni Madontho. Anthu zimakhala amene anapha matenda, anayamba flake, chithuza. Pa zilonda mtengo anapanga.

zimayambitsa

Choncho, chimene chimayambitsa moto choipitsa wa peyala? Chithandizo angathe kokha pamene ife tikudziwa chimodzimodzi zomwe ife tikuchita. Nthumwi causative wa matenda ndi tizilombo Erwinia amylovora. Iwo kuyambira wodwalayo mtengo wathanzi, ndi chinyezi lochepa kutentha ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matenda. Choncho palibe zaka zimasokoneza kufalikira kwa matenda.

Matenda mapeyala achinyamata kukumana nthawi zonse monga matenda a mitengo yakale zipatso. The exudate pamwamba ndipamene ulusi woonda amene mosavuta adatengedwa ndi mphepo. Zinali iye amene transmits tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutanthauza kuti matenda mwamsanga zonse zimene. The yabwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matenda ndi maluwa, iwo akufotokozera ndipo akupitiriza njira yake kudzera mtengo. Ndiko kuti, masika - nthawi pamene kusatetezeka wamkulu.

Pasanathe ambiri, matenda afika mu mbewu mothandizidwa ndi mvula. mabakiteriya apulumuke yozizira mkati peyala, ndipo ndi kubera masika adapitiriza chitukuko. Mwa mwezi wa chilimwe, mudzaona linanena bungwe yamkaka ukutsika kuchokera. Ndiko, vuto akubwereza kachiwiri. kawirikawiri, nthenda zidzachitika kumezetsanitsa kapena mwa zida kudulira. The matenda akhoza opatsirana tizilombo, nsabwe, njuchi, ntchentche ndi mavu.

kupewa

Kuteteza babu ku moto choipitsa, m'pofunika kusunga malamulo. Chinthu choyamba kukhalabe ukhondo m'dera, tinyamuke zomera zakutchire. Izi ndi zoona makamaka hawthorn, chomwe nthawi zambiri kukuchitika matenda. nthawi zofunika kwambiri kuti processing mbewu zipatso, tizirombo ndi kutikonda kwambiri ngati mtengo, ngati peyala a. Matenda a masamba - si vuto okha amene atenga. Pa bristles ake mosavuta adalowa m'munda ndi moto choipitsa wanu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

chithandizo

Akatswiri amati njira zingapo zimene mungagwiritse ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi matenda. Aliyense wa iwo wayesedwa m'mabanja ambiri ndipo imathandiza. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo onse ndi ubwino wawo ndi kuipa kwake, kotero muyenera mosamala chiopsezo anazindikira ndi phindu. Tikupereka njira zitatu kuthandiza kuchiza choipitsa.

Kwakukulu njira yochitira ndi matenda

Ngati muli pa malo amalima zambiri mitengo ya zipatso, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo muli akukondwerera zizindikiro mofulumira osauka, ndi bwino mwamsanga muchisiye izo. Kotero inu kuteteza ena m'munda. Pankhaniyi, ngati malo zowonongeka ndi zosakwana 30%, mungayesere kuchotsa zonse m'madera okhudzidwa, ngakhale wathanzi minofu kudula pa masentimita 20-40 pansipa malo akhudzidwa. Kenako, processing chofunika kubala zipangizo ayenera kukhala 70% mowa kapena 10% sulphate mkuwa.

Ine ndikutsimikiza ngati inu mwaona zizindikiro munda wanu wa choipitsa, ntchito kuchotsa zomera zakutchire ndi zitsamba, komanso tizirombo azichitira munda, kupewa matenda zina.

Chithandizo ndi mankhwala

Izi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri kulengeza ntchito akatswiri. Kuti tichotse adaniwo, ntchito ambiri "Streptomycin". Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mu nyengo kukula ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Izi mankhwala akhoza kugulidwa ku mankhwala yachibadwa Chowona Zanyama, ndi mabotolo lalikulu 500 zikwi. mayunitsi. Kufikika kwambiri.

"Streptomycin" angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chotupa pang'ono. Mlingo - wina ampoule cha malita 5, zidzakhala zokwanira kusamalira dazeni mitengo achinyamata. Nthawi yabwino njirayi - May, June. Panthawi imeneyi, mphukira kukula mofulumira, ndi processing amenewa adzakhala kupewa kwambiri. Bwerezani ndondomeko ndalama masabata 2-3, ndipo nthawi iliyonse mvula, makamaka matalala.

Iwo ali osavomerezeka ntchito "Streptomycin" maulendo oposa 3 mu mzere. Ndipo patapita mankhwala ochepa kusintha kwa ogalamutsa a chitetezo chokwanira - ndi "fitosporin", "Immunotsitofit", "silika", "zircon" ndi mankhwala ena ambiri. Komanso, mankhwala ena mapiritsi 2 aliyense mankhwala ya tetracycline Chowona Zanyama. Angagwiritsidwenso kusungunuka malita 5 madzi.

Zikavuta, mungayesere jakisoni "Streptomycin" pansi makungwa. Kwa ambiri a m'dera akhudzidwa amasankhidwa, kudula, ndiyeno padziko ntchito jekeseni wamba.

mankhwala mankhwala

Lero, masitolo angakuuzeni lalikulu kusankha mosalekeza, antimicrobials, omwe amapezeka kuthandiza ngati matenda peyala. Matenda a masamba, zipatso, zosiyanasiyana tizirombo - zonsezi mavuto amene angathe kuthetsedwa mosavuta. Komabe, moto choipitsa - ndi pang'ono akutali zinachitika.

fungicides ano, kupatula mkuwa akatundu, ndi pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa nthumwi zake causative, kutanthauza kuti mankhwala kumakhudza pang'ono. wamaluwa ambiri ntchito Bordeaux kusakaniza. Processing imagwiridwa pambuyo tsamba, masika oyambirira ndi nthawi ndiye angapo mpaka nthawi anatsanulira kutali. Komabe, malo ichi chikhonza kupewa yekha. Ngati nthendayo yafalikira, imangokhala yokha kudula malo kukhudzidwa, ndipo pofuna kupulumutsa ena a mtengo. zomera akufa kapena nthambi munthu kutenthedwa.

matenda ena ofala

Komabe, moto choipitsa - si vuto okha wamaluwa. Tsopano tiyeni tione zinthu zina pali matenda peyala masamba ndi kumenyana nawo. matenda wamba chabe nkhanambo. Ndi matenda bakiteriya limene limatsutsa masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso. Masamba kuguluka osokoneza zipatso. matenda akhoza kuyambitsa kugonjetsedwa ndi pothawira, koma ndiye ndi bwino kuchotsa. Nkhanambo, zipatso zowola - matenda a peyala zipatso zabwino mokwanira kuchitira. Zowola limapezeka pa zipatso mu mawonekedwe a mawanga brownish padziko.

Pofuna nkhanambo ntchito angapo kupopera ya Bordeaux osakaniza ndi oxychloride zamkuwa. Mukufunika mankhwala pamaso maluwa. A kachiwiri kuchita njirayi analimbikitsa pa masamba ndi n'kuwasanganiza, pambuyo maluwa, ndipo kenako masabata awiri pambuyo pake. Against zipatso zowola pamafunika chida champhamvu kwambiri - chilengedwe fungicide "Inta-Vir."

Cha zimene ayenera kusamalira mtengo wa zipatso (peyala)? Matenda kuti ndi owopsa, muyenera kudziwa kuti atenge miyeso zofunika mu nthawi. matenda ena aakulu kwambiri amati powdery cinoni. Mphukira, masamba, maluwa - onse spores anakhudzidwa izi tiziromboti bowa. The kachilombo mbali zomera ndi olumala, n'kuwasanganiza kugwa. Pankhaniyi, bowa likupita mwangwiro, ngakhale nyengo aakulu.

Pakuti kupewa ndi mankhwala a powdery cinoni ntchito "fundazol" kapena "Sulfite". Kumbukirani kuti bowa ndi kufalikira mwangwiro mu nyengo yamvula choncho ndi bwino amathera mankhwala ochepa. Good thandizo kuchokera cinoni chisakanizo cha mankhwala: "Penicillin", "Streptomycin" ndi "Terramycin" mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Kawiri kawiri mutha kuona pa peyala dzimbiri, chooneka bulauni mawanga pa masamba ndi zipatso. Against matenda ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi Bordeaux njira.

tizirombo waukulu

Kusankha kuposa ndondomeko blower, zabwino monga osakaniza ndi tizirombo odana ndi tizilombo onse. Iwo kuwononga ndithu, kuwonjezera, ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana bakiteriya. Izi Gulugufe Aporia Crataegi ndi zofiirira mite, kum'mawa njenjete ndi gallic mite, bango peyala, peyala sawfly ndi peyala weevils, komanso ena ambiri. Pofuna kudziteteza ku ndifotokoze mavuto onsewa, zokwanira kusamalira munda zokhudza zonse tizilombo monga "Decis", "Calypso Nyimbo" kapena "bisque".

kuti adzimvera

Matenda monga moto choipitsa, powdery cinoni, zowola zipatso, dzimbiri mwamsanga negate ntchito zonse vshu m'munda. chithandizo prophylactic ayenera nthawi zonse ikuchitika ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kukhwimitsa kwa mofulumira ndi ogwira mankhwala. Onse zipangizo ndi njira mobwerezabwereza anayesedwa, mogwira awo zatsimikiziridwa, kotero inu mukhoza mosakayikira ntchito iwo pa dzinja kanyumba awo. Universal chiwembu - mankhwala otetezera autumn, pambuyo tsamba kugwa, ndiye kasupe, atangotha kudzuka, ndiye pambuyo maluwa. Kawirikawiri izi ndi mokwanira kusangalatsa ndi munda chaka chonse.