Moto madzi: amafuna cheke

Monga mbali ya zogona, anthu ndi mafakitale nyumba amapereka moto machitidwe yimitsira. Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri chotero Madzi njira yomwe ntchito pa zolinga zina mwa mfundo zenizeni wa chinthu. Pamodzi mizere ya madzi madzi walangizidwa siteshoni ikukoka ndi zina - kutsogolera mandala. Moto madzi bwino kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, pokhalabe katundu akadakwanitsira, ayenera pansi mayesero zonse ndi kukonza.

Kamangidwe ka madzi

moto dongosolo madzi - izo si chakudya ndi kutenga katundu wa njira madzi. Izi ndi lonse zipangizo zomangamanga, Chalk ndi zipangizo, omwe si nthawi zonse mwachindunji zogwirizana ndi utumiki amadzimadzi chonyamulira. Komabe, pafupifupi onse machitidwe moto mzere anapanga pa mipope m'munsi zitsulo, kapena mbali yake, ogwirizana ndi kuwotcherera. Mokakamizidwa chigawo ndi payipi ndi vavu - monga chuma mulingo woyenera gawo ili ntchito Mundinyamule chitsulo, kapena kutsatira mkuwa. Kireni lakonzedwa kuti kugwirizana kwa hoses moto, ngati mafoni machitidwe moto-nkhondo.

Monga tanenera kale, mfundo imodzi processing madzi njira utumiki ndi mpope. Iyi ndi kuthamanga mpope siteshoni angathe kutumikira angapo m'manja n'kupuma sprinkler madzi otaya njira. Komanso kuikira anapereka kwa malamulo ndi shutoff mavavu, masiwichi, akasinja, ndipo kotero zoyesera D.. The kasinthidwe wa mayikidwe a zipangizozi zingasiyane malingana ndi zimene chiwembu akuyendera mwachindunji moto madzi mu kapangidwe ka chinthu makamaka. Choncho, pali njira kunja ndi mkati kulankhulana malawi.

Moto madzi kunja

Panja unsembe njira ndi machitidwe a madzi moto yabwino, pamene izo zifika kuika ntchito yaikulu yomanga ndi ntchito njira yapadera luso. Makamaka, ambiri a madongosolo a mtundu lolunjika pa ntchito yokonza nyumba za mpaka 1000 M3. Pankhani mitundu yeniyeni ya zinthu, panja moto madzi ntchito pafupifupi zipangizo zonse kupanga magulu B, D ndipo E. Iwo mpata othetsa hangars, malo, malo.

The madzi mu nkhani iyi ndi za 10 L / s. Izi mtengo pafupifupi monga mtengo theoretically pazipita angafikire ndi 35 L / s. Komabe, mu nkhani ya zinthu zogona ndi anthu achepetsa zofunika za katundu pa maukonde ndi kugawa madzi mizere. Pre-Calculated ndi mlingo wa kuthamanga ndi zomwe madzi ikuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, analimbikitsa mtengo pogwiritsa ntchito mochedwerako ndi 10 mamita Ndi kukula chiwerengero cha storeys mphamvu mwina mlingo wa -. 4 mamita Per pansi. Ngakhale zizindikiro cardinality wokongola monga madzi panja moto si nthawi zonse zothandiza polimbana ndi magwero a mkati mwa poyatsira. Choncho, zinthu zimenezi nthawi ntchito eni madzi mzere.

Moto m'nyumba kuikira

gulu mfundo kotunga mkati moto madzi anafotokozedwa mu gawo zogwirizana wa SNIP 2.04.01-85 awerengedwa. Izi zimathandiza madzi moto kumenyana mu nyumba mafakitale ndi anthu, kaya akhale a gulu lawo. Kutalika kwa kotunga madzi kungakhale 50 m, ndi buku 50 chikwi. ^M3. Nyumba nyumba mkati moto madzi amapereka mlingo chakudya pafupifupi madzi 1.5 L / s - ndi proviso kuti diameters wa hoses ndi nozzles ndi kusintha kwa 38 mm.

Ndi kuyamika mtsinje yopapatiza kachitidwe amenewa amapereka sing'anga kuti okwera mkulu. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito zawo ndi kosathandiza kuti adziteteze ku moto nyumba otsika-nyamuka. Ambiri a nyumba izi tikuuzidwa mu zomangamanga wa zipatala, sukulu, mayunivesite, maholo msonkhano, mafakitale malo.

Ntchito yaikulu anachita ndi madzi mkati moto, ndi kuteteza kufala kwa moto mfundo zenizeni. Choncho, ngati mlandu wa kunja madzi Cholinga ndi kupereka mizere m'manja manja, kachitidwe mkati Tikutsatira sprinklers n'kupuma, Integrated mu malo denga. Izi zikhoza kukhala sprinkler ndi chigumula nozzles ndi yosiyanasiyana ya nozzles zochokera kupezeka m'malovu kapena nkhungu. makina onga amasiyana constructional, komabe ntchito zawo ndi kuthekera ntchito mwa mode yaotomatiki.

Chongani imfa madzimadzi

Mu ndondomeko ya macheke dongosolo pa imfa madzi Akuti monga zizindikiro kuthamanga pa tsinde la kuthamanga zogwirizana zolimbana. cheke Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tchinga ndi overloads pa mzere ndi kupewa ngozi. Mayesero pa imfa madzi chikuchitika kawiri pa chaka. nthawi mayeso amusankha zochokera nthawi imene pali kwambiri yogwira madzi ntchito pamalowo. Mwachitsanzo, mu nyengo ya chilimwe. Akulumikizana ayenera anayendera pa kuthamanga wotsikitsitsa mu likulu mzere. Izi adzalola chaka njira mipata ntchito zinthu wamng'ono yabwino.

Kuwonjezera kuthamanga cheke moto mzere limavumbulanso kutalika mlingo yaying'ono ndege gawo, voliyumu ya mowa madzi ndi kuthamanga pa vavu. Koma makamaka kuti muyeso anthuwo nthawi zambiri si chofunika, kuyambira zolozerazi zogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga pa tsinde zizigwirizana ndi anthu wapampopi. Ndipo osachepera otaya deta ndi kutalika kwa ndege sakudutsa ponseponse.

Afufuze imfa madzimadzi yokha ikuchitika sequentially kwa hydrants moto, amene ali kutali kwambiri ochokera mpope. Ngati mzere amapita ku katundu kuchokera cranes ochepa - aliyense wa iwo uyenera adamulowetsa. Kuphatikizapo mavavu pafupi zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mauthenga olumikizidwa kwa riser, chimene chikugwirizana ndi moto madzi. Zofunika Iwo amatchuka kuti zoterezi ayenera anayeza yekha waukulu kotunga mpopi. Kapena, Kapenanso, kuti mayiko, mukhoza kudziletsa kwambiri vysokoraspolozhenny dongosolo moto valavu.

Kuyeza chipangizo kukayezetsa

Anzanu muyeso ndi kiyi chizindikiro, kotero n'zotsimikizira kudzakhala chida chachikulu pa mayesowo. Kawirikawiri kuyeza oyika ndi gauges kuthamanga ntchito zolinga zimenezi. kumanga mapeto a pasadakhale operekedwa ndi wapadera lumikiza mutu.

Pankhani ya kaikidwe ka zipangizo, malo akadakwanitsira ndi pakati pa moto payipi ndi valavu. Mwachindunji chida n'zotsimikizira yakwera Ikani lapansi. Ngati simungathe kulumikiza mwachindunji, n'zotheka ntchito kusintha mita payipi kuti imaperekanso kusamutsa kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza manometer lonse.

Malinga ndi mzere zolinga mayeso Mayeso moto zingaphatikizepo magawo ena ndi miyezo. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha. Koma ichi m'pofunika ntchito kuthamanga n'zotsimikizira kapena pamodzi ndi ntchito ya thermometer, kapena mafakitale chipangizo bimetal ndi kunja kachipangizo chingwe.

Afufuze zinthu dongosolo

Kuwonjezera afufuze za magawo metrological ndi ntchito moto madzi zomangamanga komanso anayesedwa ndi chikhalidwe luso zigawo zake. The chinthu chachikulu cha yachinsinsi mu mtima moto mbiya. Iwo nthawizonse anayesedwa chimango cha macheke pa imfa madzi, choncho limapindula kafukufuku osiyana.

Pakalibe misozi, deformities ndi zilema padziko thunthu - i zikuluzikulu zimene kuonanso mbali iyi ndi mkati madzi moto. Zofunika kachitidwe kunja ndi mkati poyamba mankhwala kuti Buku linanena bungwe migodi diameters ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana 13-19 mm. Avereji kololeka mtengo - 16 mm.

The manja amagwiritsidwa kufufuzidwa ndi kukhulupirika ndi kukula. Makamaka, malaya kutalika kungakhale 10, 15 kapena 20 m. Pankhani awiri, iwo osiyanasiyana monga 51 mpaka 66 mm. Kukula makamaka kwa mbiya ndi malaya amusankha malinga ndi mtundu wa chinthu natumikira kuti firefighting machenjerero zofunika.

Mwa njira, akuyesa wa mkati moto madzi imakhudzanso ndi kusanthula khalidwe la sprinklers ndi kapangidwe awo. Ojambula zithunzi kuwunika kukhulupirika kwawo, khalidwe la kotunga madzi, umphumphu wa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kugwirizana osauka. Pafupifupi dongosolo envisages pamaso pa malo madzi, amene angatchedwe mphamvu standby. Akasinja wa mtundu uwu ndi kufufuzidwa chifukwa cha kukhulupirika ndi khalidwe la kugwirizana ndi madzi mzere aya.

Kafukufuku ndi kulembetsa la zotsatira

Pa mayesero onsewa, magawo abwino kukhala osiyana, chifukwa izo zikhoza kukhala munthu ntchito payipi. Chizindikiro kuthamanga amaonedwa monga muyezo zofunika. mtengo wake mogwirizana ndi malamulo oletsa kufanana adzakhala mfundo akadakwanitsira wosawoneka mu njira kamangidwe. Mulimonsemo yabwino yotsimikizira moto mzere kokha ngati zida mtima ameneŵa ndi kukumana yeniyeni magawo luso - kutalika, m'mimba, etc ...

Pambuyo kukonza zotsatira ndi chikalata wapadera. Makamaka, mayeso analemba protocol amene analemba deta chifukwa cha imfa madzi mayeso mphamvu. Mfundo errata chikalata za kuthamanga pa tsinde ndi valavu. Pa nthawi yomweyo inakhazikitsa kuchita kwa mzere moto, kusonyeza kuti nthawi ndi malo mayesero, komanso mfundo za nyumbayi ndi kukhala zida. Mwatsatanetsatane penti ndi kuyesedwa makhalidwe a mauthenga - .. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa thunthu, chuma payipi, chophimba kukula, etc. zikalata Onse kenako yolembedwa ndi mamembala onse komiti amene anakhala nawo pa ndondomeko yotsimikiza.

Zofunika Security

Pa mayeso, ophunzira mu kuyenderako ayenera kutsatira malamulo chitetezo. Choyamba, mayesero leni analola anthu omwe aphunzitsidwa zogwirizana ndi anathetsera mzere zida moto. Ophunzira aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi zovala wapadera ndi madzi sangalowe ❖ kuyanika. Makhalidwe a minofu yake ayenera kutsatira katundu, izo ntchito ndi madzi examinee.

Kawirikawiri, zochitika imachitikira landfills wapadera, koma nthawi zina pamene kuli kofunikira kuonanso ntchito ya dongosolo lonse, zivute zitani onani ikuchitika pamalo zida ntchito. Zikatero, mwachitsanzo, mayesero pa imfa madzimadzi angathe kuchitidwa yekha munthawi imene kotunga ndege ya wosachita kuopseza akudutsa anthu ndi zoyendera.

Mkati nyumba ayenera kupereka moto chitetezo madzi ngati kutsimikizidwa gwero interoperability chimango, mpope ndi sprinklers. Popeza kafukufuku wotsimikizira kungabweretse kukhazikitsa angapo mwai zoduliratu ndi kuwapempha kukonzekera akonzedwa bwino zipangizo ndi Chalk kuti ali oyenera mtundu winawake wa zovekera mpopi.

zofunika kukonza

chikhalidwe luso ngati zomangamanga ntchito zonse zifunike osachepera kawiri pa chaka. Iwo limafufuza mapaipi, risers, tendons, zovekera connective manja ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, moto makabati ndi zipangizo zina komanso zipangizo zamagetsi. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndodo kutumikira amachita ntchito yokonza, kusintha mbali olema, kumandilimbikitsa madzimadzi lubricating mu mpope ndi galimoto stuffing asintha kamangidwe.

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti boma la dongosolo madzi akhoza kungasokoneze osati pa mphamvu ya moto kumenyana ntchito, komanso pa chitetezo cha nyumba kapena malo kumene iwo amagwira. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa katundu kuthamanga ngakhale popanda kuopseza dera moto chitoliro akhoza amangosankha kuthawa pawiri kosalimba kuchititsa zakuthupi katundu.

Pamodzi ndi moto utumiki madzi amakhudza nkhani zokhudza thanzi ndi mzere yokha. Antchito tasankha ndi zabwino siteshoni ikukoka ndi mtendere wa madzi ndiwo. Ngati ndi kotheka, nawonso kusintha kwa magawo a kuthamanga ndi zokolola zida kuti optimally zikugwirizana zofunikira za chitetezo moto nyengo ilili.

Pomaliza

Chinsinsi yachinsinsi bwino ndi ntchito nchito ya kusowa moto madzi amaperekedwa pa siteji ya ntchito yokonza ndi unsembe. Akatswiri kudziwa zomveka atagona contours kwa njira zosiyanasiyana kuganizira hydrants kuthekera, maofesi ikukoka ndi mizere madzi. Ngati magawo awa ntchito mwakhama chidachitika, n'zosavuta moto madzi kusonyeza kugwilizana ndi malamulo zokolola madzi, ndipo amafuna luso.

Mu khalidwe tsogolo la zomangamanga mpopi ndi ntchito kudzadalira zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, mmene ife kuteteza mpope womwewo m'nyengo yozizira. No zochepa pachimake ndi mafunso ndi danga zoyendera. Near nyumba onse ndi maofesi kofunika kupereka kwa magalimoto a injini moto kupanga. Pa wamng'ono kwambiri, tiyenera kukhala okonzekera driveways ndi misewu gwero yapafupi ya madzi kaya nyengo.

Zingakhale superfluous kupereka mphamvu ndi zina zabwino. Childs, siteshoni ikukoka ndi ulamuliro basi ntchito magetsi, choncho ndi jenereta kubwerera adzalola inshuwaransi mu yangozi kusiya otaya panopa ku mzere pakati.