Mphamvu ya Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: ngozi, kuchira

Mphamvu ya amagetsi - waukulu mu Russia. izo ndi wachisanu ndi chimodzi opangira magetsi mphamvu mu dziko. Sayano-Shushenskaya siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu ili mu Khakassia, pa Yenisei Mtsinje, pafupi Sayanogorsk.

siteshoni zikuchokera nyumba

The chinthu chachikulu cha siteshoni ndi Chipilala-yokoka damu anapanga konkire lomwe lili ndi msinkhu wa mamita 245 ndipo kutalika mamita 1066. M'lifupi m'tsinde mwa damu - mamita 110, ndipo pamodzi lokwera la mamita 25. Damu akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi. banki Kumanzere ndi bwino-banki opanda gawo kutalika, motero, 246 mamita ndi 298 m, madzi kumaliseche gawo la kutalika mamita 190, ndipo siteshoni - 332 meters.

Ndi damu la adjoins pa damu powerhouse.

Osati yomalizidwa chinthu - gombe spillway, amene ali gawo zomangamanga (analamula mu 2011).

mwachidule

Pamaso ngoziyi inkachitika mu 2009, Sayano-Shushenskaya opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu umabala 15% ya mphamvu zamagetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi ku Russia ndi 2% ya magetsi dziko.

Mphamvu ya amagetsi - 6.400 MW. Mphamvu Chomera - ndi flagship wa hydropower zoweta. Popeza Mainskaya matamanda a madzi, mphamvu Sayano-Shushenskaya opangira magetsi magetsi a 6721 MW. Wapachaka pafupifupi siteshoni amapereka dziko biliyoni 24,5 kWh. Zolemba malire kupanga ndipo kunatha mu 2006, pamene yaikulu yotentha chigumula walola siteshoni kubala biliyoni 26,8 kWh magetsi.

Sayano-Shushenskaya opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi chimodzi mwa apamwamba mu dziko. Zodalirika, kulola kuti kupirira kuthamanga madzi, akwaniritsa 60 peresenti ya kulemera yake ndi 40 peresenti pogwiritsa ntchito arches lamba chapamwamba, amene anasamutsidwa katundu pa gombe miyala. Chifukwa chaichi, pomanga damu pa thanthwe inaonongeka ku lamanzere gombe la mamita 15 ndipo pa gombe lamanja la mamita 10. Ndi m'munsi njira damu conjugate monga pogogoda pa akuya mamita 5. Izi kapangidwe nzeru kunapangitsa kuti ntchito zosakwana 20% kuchuluka kwa konkire poyerekeza ndi nyumba yokoka.

Mu chipinda anayikidwa khumi opangira magetsi mayunitsi opangira magetsi ndi mphamvu 640 MW lililonse. The damu ndi wapadera, monga mtundu Chipilala-yokoka ya zomangamanga ku Russia kuli mmodzi yekha Gergebil'skaya opangira magetsi mphamvu, koma mphamvu n'chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi amene ali ndi Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Yenisei Mtsinje limalola mphamvu kwambiri kuposa mtsinje Karakoysu.

Panopa spillway a damu ali ndi mphamvu 13.600 m³ / s. Popeza inflow wa madzi ndi mayikidwe a pazipita ojambulidwa mlingo wa 24.400 m³ / s, abverana kuti amange ndi spillway zina. malo izi n'cholinga kuonjezera mphamvu wonse wa spillways pa 8000 m³ / s.

The zikuchokera Sayano- Shushenskogo hydro zovuta gulu zikuphatikizapo Mainskaya HPP ndi 321 MW mphamvu ndi kukachita ntchito ya potsimikizira-yang'anira.

Popangidwa ndi opangira magetsi damu mosungiramo ali uthunthu wonse wa kiyubiki mamita 31. Km (kuchokera kumene zothandiza -. 15 Km kiyubiki). Kudera la 621 sq. Km. Khalidwe madzi posungira ndi mkulu, amene kunapangitsa kuti bungwe ilo makampani Usodzi amene kukula mumapezeka nsomba. Chirengedwe cha posungira zinachititsa kuti osefukira 35 chikwi. Mahekitala nthaka ya zaulimi. Kunali koyenera kusamutsa zoposa 2700 nyumba. M'dera mosungiramo ili Biosphere Reserve.

Station Institute Design anachita "Lengidroproekt".

kufunika zachuma

Pamene chaka cha 2001 mtengo wa magetsi pa Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP anali 1,62 kopecks. pa kWh. Profitability m'badwo magetsi pa amagetsi kuposa kawiri profitability zomera mphamvu. Komanso, ndi chida champhamvu malipilo pachimake kukakhala kwa mphamvu m'badwo magetsi mu dongosolo mphamvu ya Russia.

Yopangidwa ndi amagetsi (75%) a ogula yaikulu ya magetsi, chomera zotayidwa Sayanogorsk ( "Russian zotayidwa" Corporation). Mau oyamba ntchito chomera chinachitika mu 2006 mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mphamvu, amene sanali mu ankafuna chifukwa chosowa mphamvu mizere HIV.

zokopa alendo

Siteshoni ndipo chipinda chochezera ake osangalatsa malo alendo. Komanso m'nyumbayi ndi wapadera magetsi. Popeza chinthu chimene boma, akhoza anafika kokha kupyolera ntchito dera ulendo.

M'dera limene lili ndi Sayano-Shushenskaya opangira magetsi opangira magetsi (mapu anaika pansipa) - malo amene wakhala otchuka pakati alendo. Poyamba, panali wapadera kuonerera sitimayo kumene mukhoza bwino kuona siteshoni. Tsopano malo pafupi damu ndi kumanga chikumbutso wodzipereka kwa omanga HPP. Pa gombe la Yenisei Mtsinje waima nsonga zisanu ozungulira a Borus, ankaona Khakass kachisi dziko monga Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Khakassia khadi amalola kudziwa kumene malo awa.

The kuonerera sitimayo kumanzere limakupatsani kuona mwala woyera mamita mazana awiri mkulu. Ndi mbali ya Kibik-Kordonsky madipoziti nsangalabwi, amene amatenga makilomita angapo a ku gombe la Yenisei. gawo limodzi la msewu kuchokera Sayanogorsk mu Cheremushky lagona mwachindunji pa munda nsangalabwi. Ikani izo kupewedwa aakulu zinthu Geological ndi chimathandiza thanthwe, kupangitsa munthu wa zilonda za mtengo kwambiri mu dziko.

yomanga

Chigamulo chomaliza ngati kuyamba pomanga amagetsi, anaganiza mu 1962. Iwo anayamba kumanga mu 1968. Mu 1975, pomanga wa HPP analigawa njira Yenisei Mtsinje, ndipo mu 1978, ndi kutumidwa wa woyamba siteshoni opangira magetsi anakamba nkhani yoyamba. Kuchokera mu 1979 mpaka 1985 akugwiritsa akuyendera zonse kukhazikitsa mayunitsi naini zina hayidiroliki. Mu 1988, siteshoni nyumba kwenikweni anamaliza. Mu 2005, ntchito yomanga yomanga gombe spillway, amene ayenera kusintha kudalirika kwa siteshoni. Mu 2011, spillway anaikidwa ntchito.

yokumba

Mu 2006, zolakwa kwambiri mu chipinda injini ndi madzi kumaliseche mpope sump anapezeka. Mu 2007, akandiyeze chizolowezi anavumbula kuwonongeka kwambiri a akugunda, amene zaka anali zaka 20. Osati bwino kwambiri, sachedwa kochulukira mapangidwe ming'alu anali hydrounits mamangidwe amene anali okonzeka ndi Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Photos lofalitsidwa pambuyo ngozi anathandiza kuweruza mmene chiwonongeko.

pulogalamu lalikulu wamakono ndi kukulitsa luso siteshoni, kukhazikitsa amene wayamba, koma ngozi pa amagetsi wapanga kusintha zolinga za omanga wakhala otukuka.

ngozi

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP ngozi zomwe zinachitika pa 17 August 2009, zinafuna chiwonongeko chachikulu.

M'mawa mu August 2009 pa ngozi HPP zinachitika. Panali chiwonongeko cha unit chachiwiri hayidiroliki, ndi chipinda anali anasefukira chopangira mphamvu holo ndi madzi ambiri. 7 ndi 9 mayunitsi hayidiroliki anali lowonongeka, zidutswa wodzazidwa ndi wachitatu, wachinayi ndi wachisanu mayunitsi hayidiroliki. Izi zapangitsa kuti kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba chopangira mphamvu amene ankalamulidwa ndi Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. ngoziyi kunachititsa anapha anthu 75.

Tsoka wakhala bwinobwino ankafufuza. Act kufufuza lofalitsidwa mu October 2009.

kuchira

Latsopano opangira magetsi m'malo kuonongeka anawalamula kwa ogwira ntchito "Makina Mphamvu". Kale mu 2010 chaka takhala mayunitsi utumiki № 6, № 5, № № 3 ndi 4, analola kuti mphamvu mpaka 2560 MW - 40% ya mwadzina. ntchito yomweyi kunachitidwa ndi dismantling unit 2 ndi erection № spillway zinatha bwino mayesero hayidiroliki. Pa siteshoni biliyoni 10 kilowatt-maola magetsi anali kwaiye.

Choncho gawo loyamba la kukhazikitsanso, chifukwa cha amene anatumidwa opangira magetsi anayi anakhudzidwa zosakwana siteshoni onse inatha.

Mu 2011, gawo lachiwiri la kumanganso nyumba. Inatha pomanga gawo lachiwiri la spillway, ndi mapeto a chaka lonse zovuta za spillway anali achita m'Mphamvu.

Komanso, latsopano hydropower Unit (№ 1) anaikidwa ntchito.

Magetsi kupanga mu 2011 analipo oposa biliyoni 18 kW ∙ h.
Mu 2012, atatu opangira magetsi zizigwira: nambala 7, nambala 8, nambala 9, kenako mphamvu ya amagetsi anali 3.840 MW.

Mu 2013, izo anapezerapo opangira magetsi mayunitsi atatu: nambala 10, nambala 6, nambala 5 limene kunapangitsa kuti abweretse mphamvu chomera mpaka 4480 MW.

zoposa biliyoni 24 kWh zinalengedwa 2013 pamalopa.

2014 unayambitsidwa mu lachitatu siteshoni sitepe mkuntho. Monga mbali ya kukhazikitsa mu 2014 anapereka panopa hayidiroliki wagawo nambala 4.

The Sayano-Shushenskaya opangira magetsi magetsi zinachitikadi zonse kukonzanso latsopano mayunitsi hayidiroliki wa OJSC "Makina Mphamvu", amene magawo bwino ndi kutsatira chitetezo kwambiri ndiponso kudalirika. Mphamvu ya amagetsi wakhala wofanana mwadzina - 6400 MW. Zolemba malire dzuwa la turbines latsopano madzi wafika 96,6%, ndi pazipita utumiki moyo wa makina anali ziwonjezeke kwa zaka 40. Tsopano Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, chithunzi yomweyo pambuyo ngozi ndi lero ni osiyana kwambili, ntchito pa mphamvu zonse.