Mpweya Wokayikira: Zofunika ndi Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito

Wosakayikira ndi chipangizo chokonzekera kutembenuza magetsi. Izi zimachitika pa mabala. Momwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wophatikizapo umakhala ndi gulu la ma capacitors ndi diode.

Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pali kusintha kotsika komwe kumapangidwira ndizitsitsimutso. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapezeka muzithunzi. Njira zazikuluzikulu zosinthidwa zikuphatikizapo conductivity pole, malo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kuwonjezereka. Pofuna kumvetsetsa bwino anthu omwe akugwirizana nawo, ndi bwino kuganizira mfundo yachitsanzo.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya wosakayikira

Mfundo ya opaleshoniyi ikuchokera pa kusintha kwa magetsi. Kuti muchite izi, chipangizochi chili ndi makina ambirimbiri. Zimasiyanitsa polar conductivity ndi capacitance. Ma diode mu nkhaniyi amamangirizidwa kwa olankhulana nawo. Pamene magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa wotsutsa, thyristor yatsegulidwa. Izi zimatha kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi.

Pankhaniyi, zimadalira kwambiri wopanga kusintha kwake. Zitsanzo zina zimagwiritsira ntchito chipinda chomwe chimakhala ngati insulator. Nthawi yeniyeni ya zitsanzo zimadutsa mumtunda wa makina. Kuwongolera kumachitika pamutuwu, womwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chithunzi. Pamene pulogalamu yotulutsa mpweya imakhala yotsika, phokoso lakuthamangira limapezeka. Komanso kuipa kwa anthu okayikira kukhoza kuwonjezeka kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya magetsi. Omasintha alibe mavuto otero.

Zitsanzo za kutsika kochepa

Madzi otsika omwe amavomereza ndi oyenerera omwe amawongolera. Zitsanzo zambiri zimagwira ntchito yotsika mtengo. Zitsimikiziridwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zofutukula pa diode maziko.

N'zotheka kupanga phokoso lamagetsi ndi ziwiri zotupa. Moziziradi diode imakhazikika pa transceiver. Ngati mungayankhule za zizindikiro, kulemera kwakukulu kumapanga zitsanzo pafupifupi 15 mkati. Motero cholakwikacho chingathe kufika 10%.

Zipangizo zamakono apamwamba

Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kowonjezera kugwiritsira ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wina wamakono. Nthaŵi zambiri, zipangizo zimapezeka m'nyumba zogwiritsira ntchito. Zosinthazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi opaleshoni yabwino, popeza amagwiritsa ntchito mapaundi angapo a ma capacitors. Zithunzi zojambulidwa kudzera mu thyristor. Zosintha zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chophimbidwa ndi chitetezo chabwino. Chosavuta chachikulu ndicho chidziwitso chachikulu. Komanso, samverani ma diode. Mu mafano ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kutumiza. Dc kupitilira 12 volts kumagwira pafupipafupi 30 Hz.

Zotsatira za zitsanzo zochepa zotsika

Okayikira pafupipafupi amaikidwa poyerekeza ndi mphamvu zochepa. Ngati tiganizira zosavuta kuziyika, zimagwiritsa ntchito makina atatu. Chizindikiro chachidziwitsochi chikuyikidwa pazitsulo zochepa. Kugwira ntchito m'mafakitale kungawonjezere zambiri. Pankhaniyi, mafupipafupi amakhala osasunthika. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi osungulumwa angapo. Pachifukwa ichi, kugwirizana kotereku kungatheke kudzera mwa transceiver. Zowoneka kwambiri ndi mitundu iwiri yokhala itatu.

Zida zamakono

Kukayikira kwapamwamba kwa magetsi kumasonkhanitsidwa potsatira maziko osinthika. Zitsanzozo zimagwiritsa ntchito ma diode awiri. Makhalidwe awo amakhala pafupifupi 55 microns. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mwa anthu owerengeka a mtundu umenewu muli bwino kwambiri. Zosintha zina zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi capacitive stabilizers. Zithunzi ndizoyenera kwa oyerekezera. Komabe, sagwiritsa ntchito nyali. Vuto lachidziwitsochi ndikutentha kwa operewera. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kusintha kumeneku sikungathe kugwira ntchito ndi phokoso lokhalitsa.

Zida zopopera laser

Kuwombera kwapopopayi kwa kupopera laser kumagwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Ma modules a zipangizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa capacitor basis. Mitundu yambiri imasonyezeratu machitidwe abwino, koma mphamvu zopatsa dzina sizinapitilira 10 V. Mu zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kuzindikiranso kuti msika ukuyimiridwa ndi zosinthidwa ndi otsegula stabilizers. Alibe vuto ndi Kutentha, koma zitsanzo sizingathe kupereka nthawi zambiri. Zidazi zogwirizana ndi ma triod. Komanso palinso kusintha kwa opanga ma CD. Iwo ali ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba othandizira. Komabe, zofooka zimaphatikizapo kuvala mofulumira kwa magetsi omwe amachititsidwa ndi kutayika kwamtundu.

Zida zamakono a X-ray

Mu mawonekedwe a miyendo ya X-ray, okwatirana omwe ali ndi makina opangidwira amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Ali ndi machitidwe abwino, koma pali mavuto ndifupipafupi. Zosinthidwa zambiri zimatha kugwira ntchito pamtunda wapamwamba. Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti zipangizo zamtundu uwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi mapulogalamu angapo. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, kulemedwa kwakukulu pa nkhaniyi ndi 2 A ndi kutaya kwa 10%. Zosintha zina zimasiyanitsidwa ndi capacitive capacitors. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo izi pokhapokha kupyolera mwa transceivers.

Zithunzi zamakono

Maulendo awiri omwe amawunikira amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi, ndipo mphamvu yotchulidwa, monga lamulo, ndi pafupifupi 10 V. Zitsanzo zimatha kukhala ndi makina osiyanasiyana. Kuwombera koyikira kumawerengedwa mogwiritsira ntchito phindu la kutulutsa mankhwala ndi kukana.

Chinthu chokwanira kwambiri ndi 2 A. Zosakaniza zimayikidwa pa insulators ndipo zimatetezedwa bwino. Mitundu yambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mbale zingapo. Zofooka sizipezeka nthawi zambiri. Zotsutsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena popanda adapita. Pezani zosintha zowunikira pamsika n'zosavuta. Mndandanda wa kukakamiza gawo ukuyamba pa 30 ohms.

Zonetsera Zida

Maulendo awiri omwe amawonekera amawonetsedwa ndi anthu ogwirana. Pankhaniyi, mafayilowa amaikidwa pokhapokha. Zosintha zina zimagwira ntchito pafupipafupi 20 Hz. Iwo ali otsika poyendetsa pamtima kwambiri. Komanso kumsika ndi zosinthika pa 30 Hz. Amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa, ndipo diode ili pamwamba pa mbale. Zofooka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusintha kosinthika. Okayikira ambiri sali oyenerera oyerekezera. Pogwiritsa ntchito, machitidwewa sali oposa 5 microns.

Zitsanzo za nyali

Maulendo awiri a nyali amadziwika ndi kukonda kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwafupipafupi ndi 20 Hz. Mafano sali oopa kuwonjezereka, ali ndi fyuluta yotsutsana ndi zosokoneza, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu. Zosinthidwa zambiri zimapangidwa ndi makina ambiri, omwe ma capacitance sali oposa 50 pF. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti zitsanzo ndi ma diode ambiri amapangidwa. Ngati tiona kuti dc wamba ndi wodalirika, ndiye kuti njira yothandizira imakhala ma microns 5. Osonkhana mu zipangizo amapangidwa ndi mkuwa. Kugwirizanitsa kovomerezeka ndiyomweyi kupyolera mu transceiver.

Makulu awiri mu mapampu a ion

Kwa mapampu a ion, okondana omwe ali ndi makina oyenerera amakhala abwino. Zosintha zambiri zingabweretse maulendo opitirira 3 Hz. Zipangizozi zimasiyanasiyana motetezeka ndipo zimakhala ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mphamvu zawo, monga lamulo, siziposa 5 microns. Mphamvu yotchulidwira ya oyikirayi imayamba kuchokera pa 10 V. Ndiyeneranso kudziwa kuti ma modules of loop capacitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito popompompu. Iwo ali ndi chidwi chachikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito, opaleshoni imaperekedwa pamtunda wa microns 4. Thyristors amasankhidwa ndi makina okonzera othandizira. Otsatirawo akugwirizanitsidwa kudzera mu katatu. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Zitsanzo za ma ionizers a mpweya

Kawirikawiri mafelemu amakhala ndi makina osungira, omwe ali ndi makina apamwamba. Zipangizozi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi njira yotembenuka mwamsanga, ndipo maulendo awo ogwira ntchito pafupifupi 33 Hz. Zowonjezera zitsanzo ndizo mtundu wa otsogolera. Iwo amatha kugwira ntchito mwachuma ndikudya mphamvu pang'ono.

Othandizira amaikidwa nthawi zonse zothandizira. Zitsanzo zina zimagwira ntchito kuchokera ku chiwonetsero choyang'ana. Kuchepetsa sikumachepera 10 microns. Ngati tiganizira kuti nthawi zonse timakhala ndi mpweya wambiri, ndiye kuti imakhala ndi makina osatha, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa. Kulingalira kwachangu kumayambira 6 mV. Zidazi ndizo zabwino kwa oyerekezera.