Msewu wotsika Moscow - St. Petersburg. Njira M11

Kuyambira kale, msewu wa Moscow-St Petersburg ndi waukulu kwambiri, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kalembedwe kanyumba kakang'ono kwambiri koyendetsa galimoto. Kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, amuna amphamvu akhala akumenyana mitu yawo kuti athetse yankho la funsoli la kuwonjezereka kwa magalimoto pakati pa mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia. Msewu watsopano wa Moscow-St Petersburg ukuyenera kuthetseratu vutoli. Tidzakambirana za kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomekoyi pansipa.

Mavuto a M10

Pakati pa mizinda ikuluikulu ikuluikulu ya Russia, msewu waukulu wa Moscow-St. Petersburg (M10) wakhala utayikidwa kale. Msewuwu uli ndi mbiri yakalekale, koma, mwatsoka, sikumayenderana ndi kuyenda kwa magalimoto komwe kumadutsamo. Kuthamanga kwakukulu motere. Kuwonjezera apo, kwa nthawi yayitali ya kukhalapo kwa mizinda, midzi yambiri, midzi ndi midzi yakula, yomwe imachepetsetsa njira, popeza mumidzi, malinga ndi malamulo a magalimoto, nkofunika kuchepetsa kwambiri msinkhu wa magalimoto.

Kuwonjezera apo, boma la msewu wa St. Petersburg - Moscow chifukwa cha zaka zambiri akufunikira kukonzanso nthawi zonse. Izi zimavuta kwambiri kuyenda kwa magalimoto ambiri pamtunda.

Zonse zomwe tafotokozazi zimapangitsa kuti msewu wa Moscow-St Petersburg usokonezeke, uli ndi ngozi yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kusokonezeka ndi kusokonezeka kumachitika m'malo ambiri.

Njira zothetsera vutoli

Utsogoleri wa dzikoli wakhala ukuganiza kale kuthetsa vutoli. Ndipotu, panali njira ziwiri zochokeramo.

Woyamba wa iwo anali wautali wa mtima. Linapanganso kumangidwe kwakukulu kwa msewu waukulu wa M10 ndi kuwonjezeka kwake powonjezera njira zina.

Njira yachiwiri inali yovuta kwambiri. Anaganiza kuti kumanga njira yatsopano yatsopano, yomwe ingathandize kwambiri njira yapamwamba ya M10, motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumalo ovomerezeka.

Inde, njira yachiwiri yothetsera vutolo ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, koma imathandiza kuthetsa izo mozama, osati kungozisunga kwa kanthawi.

Kotero panali lingaliro la kumanga kwa M11 msewu waukulu: Moscow - St. Petersburg.

Kupititsa patsogolo njira ya polojekiti

Kwa nthawi yoyamba lingaliro la kulenga msewu watsopano pakati pa megacities zazikulu za dzikolo linaikidwa ndi Purezidenti wa Russian Federation V. Putin mu 2005. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, bungwe loona za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka M11 ku Moscow linayambira kuti: "Moscow - St. Petersburg.

Zolemba zowonongeka zofunikira pazinthu zofunikira zogwirira ntchito yomanga gawo lapadera la msewuwu zinakonzedwa kumayambiriro kwa January chaka chotsatira. Koma chaka cha 2008 chisonyezerocho chinasankhidwa kuti asankhe konsitiki yomanga gawo lino. Iye anali OOO Company of North-West Concession Company.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndondomeko yomanga njira yonse inali yokonzeka. Ndalama zogulira ntchito zonse panthawiyo zinali mabiliyoni 350 biliyoni, ndipo zinayenera kukwaniritsidwa mu 2012.

Njira yoperekedwa

Inde, atangomanga msewu watsopano, ambiri amamoto omwe ankayendetsa galimoto pamsewu wakale akanatha kusuntha M11 watsopano komanso wamakono. Kotero, tsopano msewu waukuluwu ukanati ulemetsedwe, ndipo vuto silikanatha kuthetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, kunali kofunikira kupanga zinthu kotero kuti kuyendetsa galimoto sikunasunthire kwathunthu ku msewu watsopano, koma pang'onopang'ono, motero kumasula msewu wakalewu.

Chifukwa chake, adalingalira kuti njira yatsopano iyenera kuperekedwa. Msewu wa Moscow-St Petersburg ndi ntchito yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, choncho, ndalama zomwe ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa oyendetsa galimoto zimakonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ogwirizanitsa m'tsogolo kuti apeze ndalama zawo zomangamanga.

Zomwe akukonzekerazi ndizochokera pa 2 mpaka 2.5 ma ruble. Kwa kilomita imodzi. Pazigawo zosiyana za msewu mtengo udzakhala wosiyana. Kuwonjezera apo, ndalamazo zimadalira mtundu wa galimoto, nthawi ya tsikulo, periodicity yogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Moscow-Saint Petersburg. Mtengo wonse wopita kumbali imodzi, malinga ndi mmodzi wa akuluakulu a boma, amasiyana ndi rubles 1100 mpaka 1200. Koma zofanana, mtengo wotsiriza woyendayenda pamsewu waukulu sunayambe kulengezedwa.

Zojambula zimakhala ndi njira

Mtunda wa pakati pa Moscow ndi St. Petersburg uli makilomita 634. Chifukwa chachibadwa, sizingakhale zolunjika. Choncho, msewu wopita ku Moscow - St. Petersburg udzakhala ndi 684 km. Sizochuluka. Kuyerekeza: mtunda wa Moscow - St. Petersburg pamsewu waukulu wa M10 ukufika pa 706 km.

Kuphatikiza kwa msewu umodzi wa msewu kudzakhala mamita 3.5, ndipo chiwerengero cha mayendedwewo amasiyana pakati pa anayi ndi khumi. Pa njira yotereyi, n'zotheka kukhazikitsa mwamsanga kufika pa 150 km / h.

Mtundu wa msewu - asphalt.

Pa njira yonseyi, akukonzekera kumanga nyumba zowononga madzi amvula, komanso malo ozungulira malo omwe ali pafupi ndi msewu waukulu.

Njira ya msewu

Mofanana ndi msewu waukulu wa M10, msewu wopita ku Moscow - St. Petersburg udzaikidwa m'madera a Novgorod, Tver, Moscow ndi Leningrad. M'dera la Moscow kutalika kwake kudzakhala makilomita 90, Tverskaya - makilomita 253, Novgorod - makilomita 233 ndi Leningrad - makilomita 75. Kuwonjezera apo, msewu womwe uli ngati msewu waukulu udzadutsa kudera la St. Petersburg ndi Moscow (motero, 32 ndi 19 km).

Mfundo yaikulu ya msewuwa idzayendetsedwa ku Businovskaya zoyendetsa sitima ku Moscow, ndipo chomaliza - mzinda wa St. Petersburg.

Njira yomanga msewu

Mu 2010, makampani opanga makampani anayamba kumanga njirayo. Ntchito inayamba kuchitika kuchokera ku chigwa cha Moscow-Saint Petersburg, km 15. Gawoli linakwera kufika pa 58.

Koma chifukwa cha zionetsero zachilengedwe, ntchitoyo inayenera kuchepetsedwa. Iwo adayambiranso kumapeto kwa 2011, zomwe zinasintha nthawi yomwe polojekitiyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ntchito yogwira ntchito ikuchitika pazigawo zonse za njira yotsatira. M'chaka cha 2015 ntchito yomanga inayamba ku Nizhny Novgorod ndi ku Leningrad. Mu chipatala chomaliza LLC "Mtsogoleri wa zigawo ziwiri" akuyimira. Padzikoli palinso mgwirizano.

Mu November 2014, chigawo choyamba cha msewu waukulu wa Moscow-Saint Petersburg chinatsegulidwa kukagwira ntchito, kudutsa pafupi ndi tauni ya Vyshny Volochek. Kuyambira m'chilimwe cha 2015, wayamba kale kutenga ndalama kuchokera kwa madalaivala.

Malingana ndi lero, tsiku lomaliza ntchito zonse lidzakonzedweratu mu 2018. Tikukonzekera kuti njirayi ikhale yokonzekera kuyamba kwa mpikisano wa mpira wa mpira, womwe udzachitike ku Russia.

Mtengo wokonzedweratu wa ntchito ndi mabasiketi 152.8 biliyoni.

Zotsutsa zachilengedwe

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, okonza mapulani a pamsewu adayenera kuyang'anizana ndi zowonongeka. Iwo anali okhudzana ndi kuti njirayo inkadutsa kudutsa mu nkhalango ya Khimki, kuidula iyo kukhala mbali ziwiri zofanana. Pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wapamwamba, mitengo iyenera kudulidwa kumadera ena a m'nkhalango yomwe idzadutsa.

Izi zinayambitsa mkwiyo wa magulu angapo a zachilengedwe. Pafupifupi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zomangamanga mu 2010, zionetsero zinayamba. Pogwirizana ndi izi, zomangamanga zinayenera kuletsedwa kwa kanthawi.

M'chaka cha 2011 ntchitoyo inatha kuyamba mwatsopano. Ndalama zonse za m'nkhalango zidakonzedweratu kubzala mitengo m'madera ena.

Panaliponso nkhondo pafupi ndi malo osungirako nyama "Zavidovo". Koma adakwanitsa kuthetsa vutoli.

Chowonadi n'chakuti atatha kukhazikitsa dongosolo la zomangamanga, Pulezidenti Wachi Russia, Vladimir Putin, anapereka chigamulo malinga ndi zomwe Zavidovo National Park inalandira malo ena, kuphatikizapo pamene msewu watsopano uyenera kudutsa. Mwachidziwikire, mabungwe a zachilengedwe anayamba kunena kuti njirayo isamukire ku malo ena. Zinafika mpaka potsutsa zochita. Koma kuchoka kwa dongosolo loyambirira linali losafunika kwambiri pa zachuma. Chifukwa chake, adasankha njira yopita kumalo omwe adakonzedweratu, ndi pakiyo kuti apatse malo kumalo ena.

Zomwe Zimayendera

Cholinga chachikulu cha msewu waukulu wa M11 Moscow-St Petersburg akumangidwa ndikutulutsa katundu wamtunda wamtunda wa M10 ndikubweretsa pamsewu wamtunduwu kupita kumayiko ena. Chinthu china cholimbikitsira kukwaniritsa mwamsanga ntchito ndi Komiti Yadziko Lonse, yomwe ikukonzekera 2018 ku Russia. Patsiku lomwelo, kukonzedwa kwathunthu kwa msewu wamtunda watsopano ukukonzekera.

Motero, a Russia ndi alendo a dziko lathu la Malawi adzalandira nyimbo yatsopano yamakono. Zidzakhala zotheka kukula msanga kufika 150 km / h. Poyerekeza, pamsewu waukulu wa M10, wothamanga kwambiri ndi 90 km / h basi, ndipo mliriwu umakhala wothamanga kwambiri m'madera a Moscow chifukwa cha kusokonezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto kumakhala pafupifupi 10 km / h. Inde, izi sizilandiridwa.

Msewu watsopano utatha kuika malonjezano ake kuthetsa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka msewu ku Moscow - St. Petersburg ndi kumbuyo.