Mumadziwika kanjedza andale a Russia (mndandanda)

ndi amene ndondomeko ya? Izi ndi munthu kuchita ntchito ndale mlingo katswiri. Iwo amagwira ku manja awo ndi mphamvu m'patali. Ambiri a iwo anabwera ku munda mwangozi kapena chifukwa mavuto ena. Mafanizo oterewa nthawi anayamba zimakhala kagawo kakang'ono mu ulamuliro wa dziko. Komabe, pali anthu amene ali andale kwa Mulungu. Iwo anapatsidwa akonzedwa wapadera wa khalidwe, komanso wachikoka, kotero khwimbi la anthu eni kusankha atsogoleri awo, kupatsa zotsatira zawo ndi manja awo okonzeka kutsatira kufikira chimaliziro. Kenako m'nkhani ife kupereka mndandanda zingapo, zimene adzaphatikizapo kanjedza andale a Russia, m'gulu nkhaniyo.

zaka XVI-XVII

Mpaka m'ma 16, Russia anali kugawanika pakati pa akalonga, ndi aliyense wa iwo akhoza kuziona ngati atsogoleri andale ndi boma nthawi yake. Komanso, dziko ndithu nthawi yaitali anali m'goli la m'derali. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 17, anthu anasamuka munthu amene akufuna kulera anthu kulimbana ndi "Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo". Choncho, atsogoleri a magulu dziko kumasulidwa ndi woyamba kanjedza ndale wa Russia. Nawa mayina a ena a iwo.

• Kuzma Minin. Mwatsoka, tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake mu zolemba apo, koma iyo inali nthawi ya theka lachiwiri la zana la 16. Iye ndi ngwazi yadziko ndi kulinganiza wa dziko nkhondo yomenyele ufulu wadziko.
• Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642) - wothandiza Minin m'gulu la asilikali dziko. Chipilala manambalawo awiri emblazoned pa Red Square.
• Koma mtsogoleri wa wamba nkhondo ya zaka 1670-1671 ya Stepan Razin (1630-1671), ndi Cossack Ataman anatola misa ndi boma tsarist. Pano pali chitsanzo cha akale chitsutso Russian.

Chiwerengerochi ndale za m'ma 19 Russia

Mu ulamuliro wa mwana wamkazi Peter Wamkulu Elizabeth ndi mphwanga wake Anny Ioannovny ndi Catherine II ndi mwana wake Paulo Ine, panali kanjedza ambiri otchuka pa dziko. Chiwerengerochi ndale ya Russia chinathandiza chitukuko cha dziko lawo.

Woyamba pa mndandanda wa anthu ofunika kwambiri, mwina, ayenera kukhala ndi dzina la Aleksandra Vasilevicha Suvorova. Kukhala wa atsogoleli ampamvu lankhondo la dziko, sanasiye nkhondo.

Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Golitsyn (1734-1803), nthumwi ndi katswiri wotchuka, ankateteza zofuna za Russia mu France ndi Netherlands. Iye anali abwenzi ndi anzeru French monga Voltaire.

Otsatira a Catherine II

Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene Ekaterina Velikaya anayamba kulamulira mu zokhumba yachifumu. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu ake anali mnzake wapamtima wa Mfumukazi tsogolo - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). Popanda iyeyo pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa mfumukazi anali andale ena Russian, amene akhazikitsidwa, chifukwa cha chisomo cha mbuye wa boma. Mayina awo Grigory Potemkin, Sergei Saltykov, Michael Miloradovich, Grigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov Alexander Lansky, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, Piotr Zavodovsky, etc. N'zovuta kuti atchule okondedwa onse Catherine II, koma pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo anali ndi chikoka pa ndondomeko. dziko mu kadanga kena ka nthawi.

The boma loyamba

Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi zatchulidwazi wina wa maganizo kwambiri ŵakusanga nthawi inali dzina lake Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev (1749-1802). Patsogolo ndi chosintha maganizo anali patsogolo pa nthawi yake, kulimbikitsa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom mu dziko. Otsatira a maganizo ake anali chosintha Russian Nikolay Ogarev (1813-1877), wolemba ndakatulo WOLEMBA, komanso bwenzi lake lapamtima Herzen, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) - ndi theorist wa anarchism, kumene kunali mbali ya French, German ndipo Czech zisinthe wa 1848-1849 .
Awo "mdani" angatchedwe Alekseya Arakcheeva (1769-1834) - wamphamvuzonse Tsar Alexander I.

M'zaka za m'ma 19, otchuka kanjedza ndale sitinganene kuti Sergei Witte (1849-1915). anathandiza kuti chitukuko cha boma sizingafanane ndi chilichonse. Inu mukhoza kunena kuti chifukwa maganizo ake nzeru ya dziko wapanga tumphatumpha kwambiri patsogolo.

Chiyambi cha m'ma 20 (chisanadze chosintha nyengo)

Ndi isanayambike wa mzaka zana makumi awiri mu Russia m'bwalolo andale analandira kwambiri maphwando, ndi Mensheviks, ndi Bolsheviks, ndi Octobrists, ndi boma Social, ndi Democrats Social, populists, etc. Mwachibadwa, atsogoleri a aliyense wa iwo akhoza mosavuta mndandanda wa "The andale za m'ma 20 Russia (kuyambira). ".

Pakati pawo, wotchuka kwambiri otchuka anali George Plekhanov (1856-1918) - mmodzi wa atsogoleri Menshevik. Pa ulimi wa 1905-1907. Iye wakhala akuchita nkhondo yolimbana ndi machenjerero Bolshevik ndi njira. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), amene amadziwika ndi chakuti iye anasankhidwa mtsogoleri wa boma wogwirizira pambuyo ulimi bourgeois, chifukwa cha maganizo awo andale anali SR. Wina otchuka Russian wandale anali Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943). Iye anali wapampando wa KDPR, m'modzi wa kutsogolera maphwando aufulu-monarchist a dziko. Kwa monarchists odzipereka mulinso mwinimunda lalikulu ndi wandale Peter Stolypin. Asilikali Kolchak (1873-1920) - mkulu wa Black Sea zombo mu First World nkhondo mu nthawi pambuyo chosintha anaima maganizo potsimikizira-chosintha. N'chimodzimodzinso anati kwa Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) ndi Anton Denikin. Pa nkhondo, bossed White Alonda asilikali. Koma mu kum'mwera kwa Russia magulu potsimikizira-chosintha anakwanitsa Nestor Makhno (1889-1934), kapena monga amatchedwa anthu, Makhno. Ubwino wake zigawenga kuchita zoposa chimodzi. Iye anali wa chipani cha n'ngopandukira.

Atsogoleri a Soviet Union

odziwika Chiwerengerochi andale a Russia kwa zaka zambiri ngati 73 zaka ankatengedwa otchuka. Miyoyo yawo nthano, kulemba mabuku, mayina awo ankatchedwa m'mizinda, mafakitale ndi masukulu, Komsomol ndi Waupainiya squads. Iwo ali atsogoleri a Bolsheviks, ndi m'tsogolo - Gulu Communist la Soviet Union.
Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Ulyanov). Anabadwa mu 1870, iye anamwalira mu 1924 chifukwa chochita zinthu ndi zigawenga. Scientist, chosintha, munthu wotchuka ndale. Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, iye anazindikira mtsogoleri wa anthu amene anali mbali ya Soviet Union - Dziko analengedwa pa pamawu wake.

Gwirizanani za Lenin ndi mmodzi wa otchuka Bolshevik boma anali Mikhail Kalinin (1875-1946). Mu 1923 anasankhidwa tcheyamani wa Komiti chapakati Executive ya Soviet Union.

Zheleznyy Feliks - wotchuka Cheka Dzerzhinsky, amene nkhanza posachedwapa anamva ambiri. Iye anali mmodzi wa boma kwambiri maganizo, ngakhale wotsikayo kuchokera banja zabwino. Pafupifupi m'masiku oyambirira a Soviet Union mu chishalo, iye anakhala Commissariat of Affairs Internal.

Leon Trotsky (dzina lenileni Bronstein) ngati atsogoleri kwambiri chosintha la Soviet Union. Komabe, pambuyo imfa Lenin, ndipo anayamba kutsutsa utsogoleri Soviet, makamaka Stalin, zimene anachotsedwa dziko. Popeza akungoyendayenda kwa Ulaya, iye anakakhala ku Mexico, komwe anayamba kulemba buku Joseph Dzhugashvili - mtsogoleri wa anthu Soviet. Zinali Stalin amene analamula liquidation wa Trotsky. Iye anafa mu 1940 mu nkhondo.

Mlembi General wa CPSU

Amene akhoza imadziwika ku Soviet Union kuposa USSR ndi Russian atsogoleri andale (pambuyo USSR kugwa). Mwa iwo udindo waukulu wotanganidwa ndi alembi loyamba pariah lapansi. Mmunsimu muli mndandanda wonse.

• Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili). Anayamba kuyenda ndi mtsogoleri ofesi kp atamwalira Lenin a. Today, dzina lake amagwirizana ndi kupondereza chiwawa mamiliyoni oposa awiri a nzika wosalakwa Soviet, ndi chala cha zonsezi anali kusakhulupirirana pathological mtsogoleri Soviet.
• Nikita Hruschev (1894-1971). Kuchokera chaka cha 1953, anali osankhidwa mlembi woyamba wa CPSU Committee Central. nthawi ya "m'firiji pamtunda" zinayamba kuchiyambi kwa ulamuliro wake. Ambiri mwa nzika anazunzidwa m'misasa anamasulidwa ndipo asintha khalidwe lawo. Komabe, dziko adzakumbukira iye chifukwa cha eccentricities wake mu General Assembly UN holo, pomenya olankhulira nsapato yake.
• Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982). nyengo wake unali ndi kulemera, katangale ndi ziphuphu.
• Yuriy Andropov (1914-1984). Looneka chete ndi unremarkable munthu, asanakhale mlembi woyamba wa kp, lotsogoledwa ndi KGB, zomwe zikutsimikizira kuti nzeru zake chidwi ndi maphunziro apadera. Atamwalira Brezhnev, iye anaikidwa ku positi mlembi woyamba wa Party Communist a dziko. Koma mu positi anakhalabe osati kale kwambiri, zaka 2.
• Mlembi wotsatira wa Konstantin Chernenko komanso mwachidule anatsogolera Party Communist la Soviet Union, chaka chimodzi chokha. Zochita zake, anthu ochepa lero angathe kukumbukira.
• Ndipo potsiriza, otsiriza ambiri mlembi wa CPSU wa - Mikhail Gorbachev. Iye anakhala pulezidenti woyamba wa dziko la Soviet Union. Maganizo kuti wakhala osokonezeka pakati pa anthu. Ndi dzina lake amagwirizana ndi perestroika, glasnost, kugwa nkhondo yapakati-dera, azingokhala maiko Commonwealth - ophunzira Warsaw ke, kugwa kwa Wall Berlin, etc.

Andale a Russia zamakono

Pa chiyambi cha mndandanda, ndithudi, ndiwo mayina a anthu amene anali pa chiyambi cha boma latsopano Russian. Ndipo woyamba mwa iwo Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin. Iye anali wa chikominisi womenyera ufulu kale, koma anakhala mtsogoleri wa wodziimira boma Russian ndi woyamba yotchuka osankhidwa pulezidenti wa la Russia. Mu 2000, iye anali asapatsire anakakamizika kusiya.

Nditachoka Yeltsin a ku zandale a ntchito ake mongoyembekezera akuyang'anira osadziwika wamng'ono Petersburger Putin. Komabe, masiku ano palibe atsogoleri andale a m'zaka 21 Russia akhoza saposa naye kutchuka pakati pa anthu. Iye kawiri osankhidwa pulezidenti wa mphamvu kwambiri, ndi pa mapeto a nthawi yachiwiri anapereka impso kuti compatriot wake wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev, nthawi yomweyo kutenga malo a nduna yaikulu. Komabe, pambuyo nthawi yoyamba Medvedev anabweza "Baton Pulezident" Putin, ndipo anatenga malo a nduna yaikulu. Mwachidule, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Kwa nthawi yachitatu anatenga monga pulezidenti wa dziko waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse.

Atsogoleri a ndale ku Russia

Monga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, mu 90s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 Russian boma, gulu la zipani, Pakati yaikulu ndi "United Russia", "Apple", ndi Osaumira Democratic Party, Gulu Communist, ndi ena. Atsogoleri awo ankalemekeza mchitidwe Vladimir Putin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev, Yavlinsky, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov.

m'malo mapeto

Pa mndandanda pamwamba a Russian otchuka ndale, ndithudi, sitinganene kuti wathunthu. anali ambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, mayina a andale amene ali m'gulu la iwo, n'zotheka dzina lofunika kwambiri.