Munthu - chilombo kapena herbivore? Kuyerekezera zilombo zolusa komanso herbivores

Munthu akulowa gulu la zamoyo heterotrophic, amene yodziwika ndi mtundu losakanizika chakudya, malingana ndi makonda munthu chakudya, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo.

Ogwirira ntchito nyama ya wovulalayo. Pogawanikana pamawere ndi mayamwidwe zopangidwa kuwola ikuchitika a dongosolo m'mimba ndi kusiyana ena. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi msipu nyama thirakiti awo m'mimba yodziwika ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zenizeni. Wokwanira chidwi ndi kapangidwe ka dongosolo m'mimba anthu: izo amafanana pang'ono kuti thirakiti m'mimba ya carnivores ndi herbivores. M'nkhani ino Tikayerekeza zilombo zolusa komanso herbivores, komanso kufotokoza peculiarities wa chimbudzi anthu.

Kodi nyama kudya

Zamoyo ndiwe wa nyama zimene zimadya, mwinamwake kudziwika monga adani. Zikuphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 270 mu suborders caniformia ndi feliformia. Akuluakulu a dziko nyama ntchito zakudya monga nyama ndi zomera. Iwo akutchedwa omnivores. Ogwirira kumuwombera, mwinamwake amatchedwa nyama. Pali gulu la zamoyo, monga hedgehogs, shrews, imvi makoswe, chimpanzi, amene nthawi zina nyama nyama zina, koma ambiri a moyo wake ntchito zomera chakudya kapena akufa organic. Kudulidwa kwa nyama carnivores, herbivores ndi omnivores m'malo umasinthasintha. Mtundu womwewo wa analowa zinthu zachilendo zachilengedwe, akhoza kusintha zakudya zanu, kusinthasintha ndi kuyesa adzapulumuke.

Njira Human Zakudya

Ali osiyanasiyana ndipo chifukwa koposa zonse, dziko-mitundu miyambo ndi makhalidwe payekha. Kapangidwe anatomical wa anthu mu mawu a dongosolo ake m'mimba zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chakuti m'madipatimenti zosiyanasiyana amatha umakaniko pogaya, kuphwanya ndi kupukusa zakudya onse masamba ndi nyama chiyambi. Izi zikusonyeza mfundo yotsatirayi: yankho ku funso la amene uyu munthu chilombo kapena herbivore nyama, sadzakhala categorical. Kuti tipeze mayankho, ife titembenukira kwa mbali anatomical ndi morphological a dongosolo m'mimba ya zamiyendo Inayi, nyama zimene zimadya ndi anthu, ndi kufanizira iwo.

Dongosolo m'mimba ya carnivores ndi herbivores

Kapangidwe enieni a dongosolo liyamba m'kamwa mwa chilombo ndi mbali ya dentition ake, omwe nthawi zambiri, ali geterodontny mtundu. Pamafunikanso incisors pa, canines, premolars ndi molars. Pa arches mano ali diastema amene amayambitsa zamkoobraznoe kutseka canines. Mosiyana ndi nyama zamiyendo Inayi ndi anthu, ogwirira malovu lili amylase, ndipo zikutanthauza masamba wowuma si lamamatira pakamwa. Animal Pakamwa ali zamitundu ambiri mutu. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka pamene kuukira wolakwiridwa ndiponso Kudya kwake zina.

Herbivores ndi mbali zotsatirazi mouthparts: a pakamwa wamng'ono, milomo akulu ndi lilime nawo kutafuna chakudya pang'onopang'ono, zovuta mtanda kayendedwe ka mandible lapansi. Mano ndi bwino kusiyanitsidwa ndi malovu lili amylase ndi maltase kuphwanyaphwanya chomera chakudya. Nyama zamiyendo Inayi ndi Mipikisano chipinda m'mimba. magulu ake zimatchedwa rumen, reticulum, omasum ndi abomasum.

Mouthparts ndi m'mimba mwa nyama

Kutafuna chakudya chiyambi nyama kapena masamba kumachitika kudzera geterodontnogo mtundu mano. Salivation amanyamula magulu atatu a zopangitsa. Malovu, ngati herbivores, lili amylase. Kapangidwe anatomical munthu, za dongosolo lawo m'mimba, amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: chakudya unagwa pa kamwa pansi zochita za michere proteolytic, bolus, kamodzi m'mimba liyamba lamamatira ndi pepsin, lipase, gastrin. Mosiyana ogwirira ndi asidi wambiri madzi chapamimba, chapamimba pH wofanana munthu wabwinobwino 4-5. Single-chipinda m'mimba, kupatula voluminous kuposa carnivores ndi herbivores. Potengera dongosolo la mbali tatchulazi a dongosolo m'mimba, funso la munthu carnivore kapena herbivore, akhoza ankanena kuti, mu anatomical ake ndi luso thupi lili mbali ya herbivores ndi adani.

Njira mu m'mimba zimadya yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: maselo kumalumikiza M'mimbamo chapamimba, secrete yambiri mankhwala enaake asidi, amene kumathandiza lawola njira. michere Proteolytic mwakhama kwambiri, kuwonongedwa kwa chakudya m'mimba pa pH zosakwana 3 madzi.

Anatomical ndi thupi makhalidwe za m'mimba ang'onoang'ono

Concern koposa zonse, phindu lake. nyama zamiyendo Inayi ndi intestine yaing'ono nthawi 25 yaitali kuposa thupi lawo ndi matumbo ruminant ukufika mamita 50. Derali, kudyetsa mkulu calorie nyama chakudya, ndi lalifupi zokwanira yaing'ono intestine (monga nthawi 5-6 yaitali kuposa thupi). Total villus dera jejunum ndi ileum akalowa gawo ndi kuonetsetsa mayamwidwe shuga, amino zidulo, zidulo mafuta ndi glycerol mu herbivores ndi 14 mamita ^2, mu ruminants 17 mamita ^2, munthu 12 mamita ^2. Voliyumu ya chakudya homogeneous mu intestine, lotchedwa chyme. Iye herbivores makamaka lalikulu. Komanso, chyme anachedwa kwa nthawi yaitali cecum awo.

Woonda ndi intestine anthu

Yodziwika mu chimbudzi chikuchitika mu izo zikugwira ntchito kwambiri (kwa masiku malita 2-3 kuti zigwire madzi m'mimba), mapuloteni nyama ali m'mimba kwa maola 4-6, masamba - maola 4-5. Ambiri ntchito chakudya pogawanikana pamawere zimawonedwa mu duodenum, amene ikuyenda mu ducts a kapamba ndi chiwindi. Mu intestine ang'ono ndi zofunika kwambiri zokhudza thupi ndondomeko - suction makoma villi shuga ndi amino zidulo mu magazi, ndipo glycerol ndi mafuta zidulo mu lymph lapansi.

m'mimba England

Kumamatira onse zomera ndi nyama chakudya, amafuna dongosolo enzyme angathe ulemu mapuloteni, chakudya lipids. Factory popanga zinthu biologically yogwira, makamaka kapamba. Choncho, munthu, chilombo kapena herbivore ntchito madzi pancreatic kubwera kwa ritsa pancreatic mu duodenum kuphwanyaphwanya mapulotini, chakudya mafuta. Chiwindi - waukulu m'mimba England. maselo ake - hepatocytes kubala ya ndulu. Iwo ali katundu detergent ndi emulsifies mafuta. Ogwirira mkulu ntchito za michere kuti kuphwanya mapuloteni, anati mu sing'anga ofooka zamchere. zamoyo zamiyendo Inayi ali michere pancreatic madzi kuti adzaphatikizana mapadi, lignin, ndi malonda a dissimilation awo.

Large intestine: mbali structural cha nyama zosiyanasiyana

Mu nyama zonse, umagwira ntchito ngati suction madzi ndi njira electrolyte, kaphatikizidwe wa mavitamini B ndi gulu la ndowe. Atatu za m'mimba: ndi kukwera, yopingasa ndi kutsika m'matumbo ogwirira wamfupi kuposa herbivores, makamaka ruminants. Kutalika kwa m'mimba mamita munthu 1-2, lomwe ndi wautali kuposa carnivores. Mu gawo ili la m'matumbo anthu, monga zamoyo zamiyendo Inayi, lili yambiri mabakiteriya omwe kuwola ndinso mapadi. Kutengera pa mfundo zatchulidwazi, zikuoneka kuti zonena za maganizo ndithu kuti munthu - thupi kudya thupi lake ndi dongosolo lawo m'mimba bwino ndinazolowera chimbudzi cha nyama mapuloteni.

golide zikutanthauza

Mwa zamoyo heterotrophic ndi gulu la ziweto amene m'mimba ziwalo kupirira chimbudzi zomera ndi nyama zakudya zonse. Iwo amatchedwa omnivores, monga chimbalangondo, nkhumba, hedgehog. Munthu komanso mukhoza kupitiriza mndandanda. Komanso ndi osiyanasiyana, zonse zakudya amatipatsa thanzi la thupi kumva mumtima. Otsatira zamasamba anachenjeza za slagging intestine metabolites chiyambi nyama.

Ndithudi, mapuloteni kusokonezeka mankhwala amapatsa poizoni. Koma amene amakakamiza ife kudya nyama tsiku lililonse? Amene amaletsa ndodo akuchitira masiku ndi kudya pa nthawi iyi ya chakudya nyama? Kodi si kukumbukira mawu a masomphenya Delphic: ". Mulingo wa zinthu zonse" No zochepa chopweteka anthu ambiri, kudya yekha chomera zakudya, makamaka ngati munthu ali ndi vuto chosinkhasinkha CHIKWANGWANI. Malingaliro ambiri ndi choonadi kawirikawiri, mabodza penapake pakati. Ndi yankho ku funso la ngati munthu - chilombo kapena herbivore, aliyense wa ife ali yake.