Kodi ndi yaikulu. maziko

Masamu mabuku zina zovuta kumvetsa. chilankhulo youma ndi momveka Olemba si nthawi zonse zovuta kumvetsa. Ndipo pali nthawi zogwirizana mitu, vzaimovytekayuschie. Pakuti kukula kwa mutu m'pofunika kukweza zingapo m'mbuyomu ndi zina mungaimitse kudzera buku lonse. Ndizovuta? Inde. Tiyeni ayerekeza circumvent mavuto amenewa ndipo yesani kupeza mutu si ndithu muyezo njira. Timapanga ngati ulendowu mu manambala dziko. Tanthauzo Komabe, ife adakali chimodzimodzi, chifukwa malamulo a masamu Simungabweze. Choncho, ndi yaikulu manambala - chiwerengero cha masoka, ndi divisor wamba Angafanane ndi. Kodi izo zamveka? Ndi.

Pakuti zitsanzo likutipatsa, tiyeni titenge chiwerengero 6 ndi 13. Ndipo kenako, ndi zambiri - ndi divisible ndi mmodzi (ndi yaikulu). Koma chiwerengero 12 ndi 14 - ngati sizingatheke, chifukwa kugwa si 1 kokha, komanso pa 2 manambala - 21 ndi 47 komanso sizikugwirizana m'gulu la "ndi yaikulu" Iwo akhoza kugawidwa osati 1, koma 7.

Potanthauza manambala ndi yaikulu monga (a, Y) = 1.

Tikhoza kunena kwambiri chabe: wamba divisor (wapamwamba) ndi wofanana ndi munthu.
N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kudziwa zinthu zimenezi? Zifukwa zokwanira.

Matanthauzo manambala yaikulu m'gulu dongosolo ena kubisa. Amene amagwira ntchito ndi Hill cipher kapena Caesar machitidwe rewriting kudziwanso kuti popanda kudziwa ichi - kulikonse. Ngati inu munamumvapo jenereta mwachisawawa nambala, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti angayesere kukana: manambala ndi yaikulu ntchito ndi apo.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mmene kupeza izi manambala. chiwerengero cha yophweka, monga mukudziwa, mwina divisors awiri okha: amagawa okha ndi chimodzi. Kunena, 11, 7, 5, 3 - chiwerengero cha yosavuta, koma 9 - ayi, kale chiwerengero ndi divisible ndi 9, 3, ndi 1.

Ndipo ngati - ndi yaikulu chiwerengero, pamene - mu Anatipatsa {1, 2, ... ndipo - 1}, ndiye kungakupatseni (a, Y) = 1, kapena manambala matanthauzo yaikulu - ndi Y.

Ndi, kani, ngakhale kufotokoza komanso kubwerezabwereza kapena mwachidule zomwe zanenedwa.

Kupeza primes mwina sieve a Eratosthenes, koma kwa manambala chidwi (mabiliyoni Mwachitsanzo), njira imeneyi ndi yaitali, koma mosiyana ndi wapamwamba-chilinganizo, nthawi zina amalakwitsa, odalirika kwambiri.

Mukhoza ntchito ndi kusankha> a. Kuchita izi, izo amasankhidwa kuti chiwerengero cha ndipo ogawanika. Chifukwa chaichi, nambala yaikulu ndi kuchulukitsa ndi nambala zachilengedwe ndipo anawonjezera (kapena, Kapenanso, subtracted) mtengo (mwachitsanzo, p), zomwe si bwino:

Y = tsa + K ndipo

Mwachitsanzo, munthu = 71, p = 3, Q = 10, ndiye moyenera, kudzakhala wofanana 713. kusankha china, ndi madigiri.

manambala pawiri monga kuyenera ndi yaikulu, ndi gawo, ndi 1, ndi manambala ena (komanso popanda yotsala).

Mu mawu ena, manambala achilengedwe (koma) anawagawa chigawo ndi yosavuta.

manambala Yaikulu - chiwerengero cha masoka, si zazing'ono (chosiyana ndi manambala ndi mayunitsi) dividers. Makamaka zofunika ndi udindo wawo ano, anthu amakhala otanganidwa cryptography lero, chifukwa chimene chiphunzitso cha manambala, ankaganizira poyamba chilango umboni kwambiri, moti mu ankafuna: ma aligorivimu deta chitetezo zonse zilibwino.

Yaikulu chiwerengero yaikulu anapeza dokotala-maso Martin Novak amene ankachita nawo ntchitoyi GIMPS (distributive kompyuta) pamodzi ndi okonda ena, amene anawerengedwa 15 chikwi. Mu kuwerengetsera anatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi yaitali. kompyuta awiri ndi theka dazeni mu diso chipatala Novak ankagwira. The chifukwa cha Titanic ntchito ndi khama chiwerengero 225964951-1, analemba pa 7,816,230 mu decimals. Mwa njira, nkhani ya chiwerengero chachikulu anaperekedwa miyezi isanu musanatsegule lapansi. Ndipo panali zizindikiro pa theka m'munsi.

Ife namatetule amene akufuna kuti muyimbe, kumene nthawi ya decimal "kudumpha" chizindikiro khumi miliyoni, pali mwayi kuti osati lonse kutchuka komanso $ 100 000. Mwa njira, chiwerengero anagonjetsa miliyoni wosaiwalika m'pamene Nayan Hayratval analandira ndalama m'munsi (50 000 madola).