Cheza beta

The mtima maatomu ena yodziwika ndi mavuto ena amene amasonyeza luso lawo masinthidwe (mowiriza kuvunda), limodzi ndi umuna cheza (ionizing cheza). Mtundu ambiri kuwola nyukiliya ndi beta cheza.

Cheza otchedwa microparticles ndipo zosiyanasiyana thupi, kumene angathe ionize zinthu. Lilili mpaka mayamwidwe zofunika za chinthu chilichonse. Magwero cheza cha (maofesi luso nyukiliya kapena monga nyukiliya zinthu) angathe mosiyana kwambiri cheza kulibe kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri. cheza Natural alipo mu miyoyo yathu nthawi zonse. Ionizing cheza analipo ngakhale asanabadwe dziko mitundu loyamba la moyo.

cheza beta - ndi mtsinje apitirize positrons ndi ma elekitironi, amene amapezekanso mu beta kuwola a nyukiliya atomiki. Chotero kuwola khalidwe osati maatomu onse, koma ndi zinthu zina. The ma elekitironi (kapena positrons) anapanga mu mitima mu kutembenuka kwa neutrons kuti mapulotoni kapena mosinthanitsa. Chifukwa particles khola, amene alibe mlandu ndi zina misa, wotchedwa neutrinos ndi antineutrinos.

Pamene pakompyuta kuwola anapanga pachimake, m'mene chiwerengero cha mapulotoni ndi chinawonjezeka ndi chimodzi, poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka isanafike kuwonongeka. Mu positron kuwola mlandu nyukiliya pa wagawo amachepetsa. Nthawi zonse, nambala misa sasintha.

ma elekitironi panamveka (kapena positrons) adzalandira mphamvu osiyana kuyambira ziro kwa malire pazipita mphamvu EM (wofanana MeV angapo).

cheza beta ali yothandizira mphamvu sipekitiramu. zimatiyika mphamvu ya phata ndi apawokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa chilichonse kuwola wotsatira adzamasulidwa mphamvu zatsopano. Chotero kupitiriza kwa makulidwe umuna chifukwa chakuti oipa a atomiki mphamvu owonjezera akhoza anagawira pakati pa particles panamveka mosiyana. Choncho, sipekitiramu neutrinos ali panamveka pa kuvunda, izo komanso yodziwika ndi kupitiriza.

Anayeza beta cheza spectrometers beta, beta owerengera wapadera ndi zipinda ionization

isotopes nyukiliya kuti kuwola pamene limodzi ndi umuna wa mtundu uwu, wotchedwa beta-emitters. Zikuphatikizapo isotopes sulfure (S35), phosphorous (32P), calcium (Ca45) ndi ena. Ngati kuwola si limodzi ndi Popanga madzi a gamma walitsa, umatchedwa beta cheza koyera.

emitters ambiri (32P, 14C, Ca45, S35, etc.) Ndipo ntchito matenda radioisotope ndi kuigwiritsa ntchito pa experimental.

Kudutsa thunthu, kuwala beta (beta cheza) interacts ndi mtima wa maatomu ake ndi ma elekitironi, kuthera pa izo mphamvu zawo zonse ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu wotseka kayendedwe ake. Njira imene umadutsa ndi beta-tinthu mankhwala, wotchedwa mtunda. Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa magalamu pa centimeter lalikulu (amaimira monga g / cm2).

cheza beta akhoza kulowa mu thupi minofu kuti akuya 2 masentimita. Kuti adziteteze ku cheza amenewa akhoza pounika Plexiglas makulidwe yoyenera.

Beta-ray akuimira imodzi mwa mitundu ya ionizing cheza. Podutsa cheza kutaya mphamvu mankhwala kuchititsa ionization. Mayamwidwe mphamvu ndi sing'anga zingachititse angapo njira yachiwiri mfundo zomwe kakusintha walitsa. Mwachitsanzo, zimenezi zimachitika luminescence, zochita cheza-mankhwala, kusintha kapangidwe ndi galasi zinthu ndi zina zotero. D. Monga mitundu ina ya poizoni cheza beta ndi zotsatira radiobiological.

The ntchito cheza beta mankhwala zachokera malowedwe ake mu katundu wa nsalu. Cheza ntchito chabe, interstitial ndi intracavitary cheza mankhwala.