Mutu wa "munthu wamng'ono" mu mabuku a Chirasha a zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi 1900: otchulidwa kwambiri

"Munthu Wamng'ono" - chikhalidwe cholemba, choyimira cha nthawi yeniyeni. Mnyamata wotereyu mu ntchito zamasewera akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka kwambiri, bourgeois wamng'ono kapena ngakhale wolemekezeka wolemekezeka. Monga lamulo, mbali yake yaikulu ndi malo ake otsika. Chithunzichi chikupezeka m'ntchito za olemba anzawo komanso achilendo. Mutu wa munthu wamng'onoyo mu mabuku a Chirasha uli ndi udindo wapadera. Pambuyo pake, fanoli analandira mafotokozedwe apadera mu ntchito za olemba monga Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Gogol.

Woyang'anira sitima

Wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu waku Russia anawonetsa owerenga moyo wangwiro ndi wosasintha. Pulogalamu ya protagonist ya imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko yakuti "The Tale Belkin", amadziwa kusangalala, chifundo ndi kuzunzika. Komabe, moyo wa khalidwe la Pushkin poyamba sichiphweka kupanga.

Mawu omwe alangizi a sitima amatembereredwa ndi aliyense, nkhani yotchuka imayamba, popanda kusanthula komwe sikutheka kuganizira mutu wakuti "Munthu Wamng'ono M'zinenero za Chirasha". Pushkin akuwonekera mu ntchito yake wamtendere komanso wokondwa. Samson Vyrin anakhalabe munthu wabwino komanso wokoma mtima, ngakhale kuti anali ndi zaka zambiri. Ndipo kupatukana ndi mwana wake wamkazi kunamulepheretsa mtendere wamumtima. Samsoni akhoza kupulumuka moyo wovuta ndi ntchito yosayamika, koma sangathe kukhalapo popanda munthu mmodzi padziko lapansi. Woyang'anira sitima amafa ndi kukhumba ndi kusungulumwa. Mutu wa mnyamata wamng'ono mu mabuku a Chirasha uli ndi zambiri. Wopambana pa nkhaniyi "Wotsogolera Masewera", mwinamwake, ngati palibe wina amatha kuchititsa owerenga chifundo.

Akaky Akakievich

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Mutu wosangalatsa ndi wolimba pa nkhaniyi. Mkhalidwe wa Gogol ndi chifaniziro. Pali zambiri zotchedwa Bashmachkin. Iwo ali paliponse, koma anthu samawazindikira, chifukwa sakudziwa momwe munthu amachitira moyo wake wosafa. Mutu wa mnyamata wamng'ono mu mabuku a Chirasha umakambidwa chaka ndi chaka ku maphunziro a zokolola sukulu. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha kuwerenga mosamalitsa nkhani "Chovala", wowerengayo angayang'ane anthu omwe amamuzungulira mwanjira ina. Kukula kwa mutu wa mwamuna wamng'ono mu zolemba za Chirasha kunayambira ndendende ndi ntchitoyi. Nzosadabwitsa kuti Dostoevsky wapamwamba kwambiri adanena kale mawu otchuka akuti: "Tonsefe tinasiya" Chovala "."

Mpaka pakati pa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, chithunzi cha munthu wamng'ono chidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olemba Russian ndi akunja. Iye samagwira ntchito za Dostoevsky yekha, komanso m'mabuku a Franz Kafka, Gerhart Hauptmann, Thomas Mann.

Maxim Maksimovich

Munthu wamng'ono mu ntchito ya Lermontov ndi umunthu wapadera, wovutika chifukwa chosaganizira. Chithunzi cha Maxim Maximovich choyamba anakumana ndi buku la "Bela". Mutu wa kamnyamata kakang'ono ka mabuku a Chirasha, chifukwa cha Lermontov, unayamba kugwira ntchito monga chida chofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zoyipa zotere za anthu omwe amagwada, akugwira ntchito.

Maxim Maksimovich ndi wolemekezeka. Komabe, iye ndi wa banja losauka, kupatula iye alibe maluso othandiza. Kotero, ngakhale ali ndi msinkhu wake, iye akadali pa udindo wa captain. Komabe, Lermontov akuwonetsa munthu wamng'ono yemwe sananyozedwe ndi kunyozedwa. Wopambana wake amadziwa ulemu. Maxim Maksimovich ndi munthu wabwino komanso wokalamba. Nthawi zambiri amakumbutsa Pushkin woyang'anira Mironov kuchokera m'nkhani yakuti "Kapiteni wa Mwana wamkazi".

Marmeladov

M'ntchito za Dostoevsky, munthu wamng'ono amakhala wachifundo komanso wosafunika. Marmeladov amadziwa kuti alibe ntchito komanso alibe pake. Kuwuza Raskolnikov nkhani ya kugwa kwake kwa makhalidwe, iye sangathe kumumvera chisoni. Iye akuti: "Umphawi siwunyansa. Umphawi ndi wovuta. " Ndipo mawu awa amatsimikizira kuti Marmeladov ndi wofooka komanso alibe mphamvu.

M'nkhani yakuti "Uphungu ndi Chilango", mutu wa munthu wamng'ono mu mabuku a Chirasha umalandira chitukuko chapadera. Ntchito pa ntchito ya Dostoevsky ndi ntchito yofunikira mu phunziro la mabuku. Koma, ziribe kanthu dzina lomwe lolembali liri nalo, ndizosatheka kuzikwaniritsa popanda kumufotokozera Marmeladov ndi mwana wake wamkazi kale. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kumveka kuti Sonya, ngakhale kuti ali munthu wamng'ono, amasiyana kwambiri ndi ena "amanyazidwe ndi okhumudwa". Iye sangathe kusintha chirichonse mu moyo wake. Komabe, msungwana wofooka uyu ali ndi chuma chakuzimu komanso kukongola kwa mkati. Sonia ndiye munthu woyeretsa ndi wachifundo.

Anthu osauka

Bukuli likugwirizananso ndi "anthu aang'ono". Devushkin ndi Varvara Alekseevna ndi magulu omwe Dostoevsky adalenga ndi diso pa Gogol's Overcoat. Komabe, chithunzi ndi mutu wa mnyamata wamng'ono mu zolembedwa za Chirasha zinayambira ndendende ndi ntchito za Pushkin. Ndipo ali ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi zolemba za Dostoevsky. Nkhani ya woyang'anira sitima imauzidwa ndi iye. "Anthu Aang'ono" m'mabuku a Dostoevsky amakhalanso ndi mtima wovomereza. Iwo samangozindikira kuti iwo ndi ofunika, koma amayesetsanso kumvetsa chifukwa chake, kumachita monga filosofi. Zokwanira kungokumbukira mauthenga aatali a Devushkin ndi mautali aatali a Marmeladov.

Tushin

Ndondomeko ya zithunzi mu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" yamakono ndi yovuta kwambiri. Olemba a Tolstoy ndi amphamvu kuchokera ku malo apamwamba kwambiri. Zopanda phindu ndi zomvetsa chisoni mwa iwo pang'ono. Koma ndichifukwa chiyani akukumbukira buku lopambana kwambiri, ndiye kuti mutu wa mwana wamng'onoyo mu mabuku a Chirasha unakambidwa bwanji? Kukonzekera kwapadera ndi ntchito yomwe ikufunikira kubweretsa chiwonetsero cha msilikali wotere monga Captain Tushin wolemba "War and Peace". Poyamba, iye ndi wopusa komanso wosasamala. Komabe, maganizowa ndi achinyengo. Pa nkhondo Tushin amasonyeza ubwana wake ndi mantha.

Mu ntchito yaikulu ya Tolstoy, wopambana uyu amapatsidwa masamba angapo chabe. Komabe, mutu wa munthu waung'ono mu mabuku a Chirasha a m'zaka za zana la 19 ndizosatheka popanda kulingalira chithunzi cha Tushin. Khalidwe la khalidwe ili ndilofunika kwambiri kumvetsa maganizo a wolemba mwiniyo.

Anthu aang'ono pantchito ya Leskov

Mutu wa munthu wamng'ono m'mabukhu a Chirasha a zaka za zana la 18 ndi 19 ndiwonekera poyera. Leskov mu ntchito yake nayenso sanamupatse. Komabe, anthu ake amasiyana kwambiri ndi fano la munthu wamng'ono yemwe angawoneke m'mabuku a Pushkin ndi mabuku a Dostoevsky. Ivan Flyagin - wolimba ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi moyo. Koma msilikali uyu akhoza kutumizidwa ku gulu la "anthu aang'ono". Choyamba, chifukwa ali ndi mayesero ambiri, koma samadandaula za tsogolo ndipo samalira.

Chithunzi cha munthu wamng'ono mu nkhani za Chekhov

Mnyamata wotereyu amapezeka pamasamba a ntchito za wolemba. Chifaniziro chowoneka bwino cha munthu wamng'ono chimawonetsedwa m'nkhani zachifundo. Ofesi yaing'ono ndi gwero lofanana la ntchito za Chekhov. Mu nkhani "Imfa ya a boma" pali fano la munthu wamng'ono. Chervyakov amathetsa mantha osazizwitsa a bwana. Mosiyana ndi olimba a m'nkhaniyi "Chovala", munthu wochokera ku nkhani ya Chekhov savutika ndi kuponderezedwa ndi kuzunzidwa kuchokera kwa anzako ndi abwana. Chervyakov amaopa mantha apamwamba, akuluakulu a boma amawakonda kosatha.

"Kukondwerera kwa wopambana"

Mutu wa kuyamikira kwa akuluakulu a boma Chekhov anapitirizabe m'nkhaniyi. Komabe, anthu aang'ono omwe ali mu "Victory Celebration" akuwonetsedwa mowonjezereka kwambiri. Bamboyo, kuti apeze malo abwino kwa mwana wake, amadzichititsa manyazi yekha ndi kunyengerera ndi kunyalanyaza.

Koma m'malingaliro otsika ndi khalidwe losayenera, sikuti anthu amangowafotokozera kuti ndi olakwa. Zonsezi ndi zotsatira za malamulo omwe akulamulira mu chikhalidwe ndi ndale. Chervyakov sakanati afunse chikhululuko mwakhama, ngati sakudziwa zotsatira za zolakwa zomwe adachita.

Mu ntchito ya Maxim Gorky

Masewero "Pamunsi" akufotokoza za anthu okhala m'nyumba. Aliyense wa anthu a ntchitoyi ndi munthu wamng'ono, wopanda zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wamba. Sinthani chilichonse chimene sangathe. Chinthu chokha chomwe iye ali nacho choyenera ndi kukhulupirira mu nthano za woyendayenda Luke. Chisoni ndi kutentha ndi zomwe amphona a masewerowa "pansi" amafunikira. Wolemba amaitana owerenga kuti amve chifundo. Ndipo malingaliro ameneŵa zimagwirizana ndi mfundo ya Dostoevsky.

Yolk

"Kalonga wamakangaza" ndi nkhani yokhudza chikondi chachikulu cha munthu wamng'ono. Yoltkov kamodzi imayamba kukondana ndi mkazi wokwatira, ndipo kumverera uku kumakhala koona mpaka maminiti omalizira a moyo wake. Pali kusiyana pakati pawo. Ndipo wovomerezeka ndi kumverera kwatsopano kwa msilikali wa ntchito "Garnet Bangongo" sakuyembekeza.

Zheltkov ali ndi makhalidwe a munthu wamng'ono, osati chifukwa chakuti ali ndi udindo wochepa. Iye, monga Bashmachkin, ndi woyang'anira sitima, amakhalabe yekha ndi ululu wake. Zheltkov amamva ngati malo a nthabwala ndi zilembo zodabwitsa za Prince Shein. Yang'anirani kukula kwa kuzunzika kwa "munthu wamng'ono" ena achimuna angathe kokha pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Karandyshev

Chithunzi cha munthu wamng'ono mumagwiridwe a Ostrovsky ali ofanana ndi ofanana ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito za Dostoevsky ndi Chekhov. Komabe, Karandyshev wochititsa manyazi mu sewero la "The Dowry" sichimayambitsa chisoni kapena chifundo. Amafuna kulowa m'gulu limene sakuyembekezera. Ndipo chifukwa cha zonyansa zomwe akhala akupirira kwa zaka zambiri, ali wokonzeka kubwezera.

Kwa gulu laling'ono ndi Larissa Ogudalova, ndi Katerina Kabanova. Koma olimbawa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lonse, choncho sangathe kusintha ndi kusintha. Imfa mwa iwo imakhala njira yokhayo yomwe imachokera ku mkhalidwe umene iwo adzipezera okha chifukwa cha kutha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Chithunzi cha munthu wamng'ono wazinthu zolembedwa m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Komabe, mu zolemba zamakono iye adapereka kwa ena amphamvu. Monga mukudziwira, olemba ambiri achilendo ankakhudzidwa ndi mabuku a Chirasha. Umboni wa izi ndizolembedwa ndi olemba a XX, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana ndi a Chekhov ndi a Gogol. Chitsanzo ndi "Little Lord Friedemann" ndi Thomas Mann. Wopambana wa buku lino amakhala ndi moyo waufupi komanso wosafa ndipo amamwalira mofanana, chifukwa cha kusasamala ndi nkhanza za anthu ozungulira.