Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Dostoevsky

M'nkhaniyi, ife pofotokoza moyo ndi ntchito ya Dostoevsky mwachidule kukuuzani nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Fyodor Mikhailovich anabadwa pa October 30 (zaka kalembedwe - 11) mu 1821. Dostoevsky nkhani aitane inu ntchito zazikulu kupambana kwa munthu m'munda mabuku. Koma tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi - kuchokera magwero a wolemba m'tsogolo, ndi mbiri yake.

Dostoevsky mavuto akhoza kwambiri kudziwa yekha ndizolowere moyo wa munthu uyu. Ndipotu, zopeka nthawizonse mwanjira amasonyeza mbali ya yonena za mlengi wa ntchito. Pankhani ya Dostoevsky makamaka noticeable.

Chiyambi cha Dostoyevsky

Atate Fyodor anabadwa nthambi Rtishchevo, ana Rtishchev Daniil Ivanovich, kumbuyo mu South-West la Russia Orthodox Faith. Yesu anapereka kwa zinthu zazikulu Dostoevo m'mudzi ili m'chigawo Podolsk. Dostoevsky labambo zinayambira kumeneko.

Komabe, ndi chiyambi cha m'ma 19, osauka mtundu Dostoevsky. Andrei Mikhailovich, agogo wolemba, anali kuchigawo Podolsk, m'tauni ya Bratslav, archpriest. Mikhail, timasamala ndi bambo la wolemba, maphunziro m'nthawi yake Medico-Zopangira Academy. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1812, iye ankamenyana ndi French ndi mnzake, ndipo kenako mu 1819, anakwatira Nechaeva Maria Feodorovna, mwana wamkazi wa wamalonda ku Moscow. Mikhail, kwayekha, analandira ofesi ya adokotala kuchipatala Mariinsky, lotseguka kwa osauka, imene inkatchedwa mu Bozhedomka anthu.

Kodi Dostoevsky anabadwa?

Nyumba banja m'tsogolo wolemba anali mu phiko lamanja la chipatala. Mu izo, pansi dokotala boma nyumba anasankha, iye anabadwa mu 1821, Fyodor Mikhailovich. mayi ake, monga takambirana kale, anachokera mtundu wa amalonda. Zithunzi za imfa msanga, umphawi, matenda, matenda - kuweruza wa mwanayo, amene inkayenda mchikakamizo cha view wa dziko la wolemba m'tsogolo, zachilendo kwambiri. ntchito Dostoevsky zikusonyeza zimenezi.

Zimene zikuchitika ku banja la wolemba tsogolo

Inamera nthawi kuti anthu 9 banja anakakamizika huddle mu zipinda ziwiri zokha. Mikhail anali hypochondriac ndipo sachedwa kupsa mtima munthu.

Ndithu mtundu wina anali Maria Fedorovna: kugula, mokondwera, mtundu. Kugwirizana pakati pa makolo a mnyamatayo anali zochokera subordination wa zokhumba ndi chifuniro cha atate wake. Namwino ndi amayi a wolemba tsogolo analemekeza miyambo yopatulika achipembedzo a dziko, Kukhazikitsa kulemekeza chikhulupiriro cha makolo a m'mibadwo yanu. Maria Feodorovna anafa ali aang'ono - pa msinkhu wa zaka 36. Iye anaikidwa mu manda Lazarev.

Kudziwana woyamba ndi mabuku

Maphunziro ndi Science anathera nthawi yambiri mu banja Dostoevsky. Ndili wamng'ono Dostoevsky anapeza chimwemwe zoyankhulirana ndi bukhu. Ntchito oyambirira ndi amene anakumana nawo, - nkhani wowerengeka Arina Arkhipovna, wantchito. Pambuyo Pushkin ndi Zhukovsky - olemba ankakonda Maria Feodorovna.

Fyodor Mikhailovich ali wamng'ono anadziwa ndi upamwamba zikuluzikulu za mabuku dziko: Hugo, Cervantes ndi Homer. atate wake anakonza zoti banja madzulo kuwerenga ntchito N. M. Karamzina "History ya boma Russian." Zonsezi anaika wolemba chidwi tsogolo oyambirira mu mabuku. Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Fyodor Dostoevsky makamaka popangidwa ndi chilengedwe, kumene kunali wolemba.

Mikhail kufuna cholowa otchuka

Mikhail mu 1827 utumiki mwakhama ndiponso kwambiri anali kupereka dongosolo la digiri 3 wa St Anne, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anali ankalemekeza udindo wa assessor collegiate, amene anapereka pamene Ufulu wa Anthu a otchuka cholowa. Bambo wa wolemba m'tsogolo bwino za phindu la maphunziro apamwamba choncho anafuna kwambiri pokonzekera chikuonetseratu kuti sukulu ana awo.

Vuto la mwana, Dostoevsky

Wolemba tsogolo unyamata wake anapulumuka tsoka amene wasiya chizindikiro kukoma pa moyo wake chifukwa moyo. Iye ankakonda tanthauzo ana a mwana wamkazi ophika ake, naini chaka mtsikana. Kamodzi pa tsiku chilimwe padali kufuwula m'munda. Fedor mudzipo anatuluka panja ndipo pakumuona iye atagona mu chinang'ambika zovala zoyera pansi. Wa mtsikana anatsamira akazi. Kuyambira nkhani zawo Fedor anazindikira kuti ponena za tsoka unakhala woledzera Kunkapezekanso. Kenako anapita kwa atate wake, koma thandizo lake osafunika, chifukwa mwanayo wamwalira.

wolemba Education

Fyodor Mikhailovich anaphunzira oyambirira mu sukulu pawekha Moscow. Iye mu 1838 analowa inali ku St. Petersburg Main Engineering School. Iye anamaliza 1843 ndipo anakhala injiniya asilikali.

Masiku amenewo, sukulu anali m'gulu la mabungwe abwino kwambiri mu dziko. Palibe ngozi anafika zambiri anthu otchuka. Dostoevsky mwa comrades ku koleji anali kwambiri luntha, kenako kusanduka mu umunthu odziwika. Ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Grigorovich (wolemba), Constantin Trutovsky (wojambula), Ilya Sechenov (physiologist), Eduard Totleben (kulinganiza wa chitetezo cha Sevastopol), Fyodor Radetzky (Shipka ngwazi). Anaphunzitsa pano monga amalanga umunthu ndi wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, dziko ndi mbiri ya dziko, mabuku Russian zithunzi ndi zomangamanga boma.

Vuto la "munthu wamng'ono"

Dostoevsky wotukuka gulu la ophunzira adalipo paokha. Kuwerenga anali chibwana amakonda. Erudition wa wolemba m'tsogolo akazi chodabwitsa. Koma wofuna kukhala patokha ndi seclusion mkhalidwe lake sanali titadziwa khalidwe. The sukulu Fyodor anali kupirira tsoka la moyo otchedwa "Munthu pang'ono." Indedi, mu sukulu iyi ophunzira ambiri anali ana bureaucracy ndi bureaucracy asilikali. Makolo mphatso kwa aphunzitsi awo, yosalekerera ayi. Mu chilengedwe, Dostoevsky anayang'ana zachilendo, nthawi zambiri pansi mnyozo ndi kunyozedwa. Mu malingaliro ake pa zaka mudakhumudwapo tanthauzo la kunyada anavulazidwa, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa ntchito tsogolo la Dostoevsky.

Koma ngakhale izi, Fyodor Mikhailovich anatha kukwaniritsa kuzindikira ndi akazi ndi aphunzitsi. Onse aona nthawi kuti munthu wa nzeru wosiyana ndi luso lapadera kwambiri.

imfa ya atate ake

Mu 1839, July 8, kuchokera enaake owononga mwadzidzidzi bambo Fyodor anafa. Panali mphekesera kuti sanali imfa yachibadwa - anaphedwa chifukwa lakuthwa amuna mtima. Uthenga anadabwa Dostoevsky, ndi pamodzi naye koyamba anakomoka, nyengo yachisanu ikupita tsogolo la khunyu, limene Dostoevsky anavutika moyo wake wonse.

Utumiki monga injiniya, ntchito zoyamba

Dostoevsky mu 1843, atamaliza maphunziro Inde, anali m'gulu la Corps wa Akatswiri mu timu utumiki wa zomangamanga pa St. Petersburg, koma mwachidule akutumikira kumeneko. Patapita chaka anaganiza kuchita ntchito zolembalemba, kumulakalaka amene anali kwa nthawi yaitali. Choyamba, iye anayamba kumasulira zapamwamba, monga Balzac. Patapita kanthawi panali lingaliro buku M'makalatamo wotchedwa "anthu osauka." Icho chinali choyamba ntchito ufulu limene limayamba ndi ntchito Dostoevsky a. Pambuyo nkhani komanso mabuku: "Bambo Prokharchin", "kawiri", "Netochka Nezvanova", "White Mausiku".

Rapprochement ndi bwalo Petrashevists anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu

1847 amalembedwa rapprochement ndi Butashevich-Petrashevsky, amene anachita wotchuka "Lachisanu". Icho chinali kulimbikitsa ndi kuonera Foriya. Madzulo izi wolemba anakumana ndi ndakatulo Apollonom Maykovym, Alekseem Plescheevym, Aleksandrom Palmom, Sergeem Durovym, komanso novelist Saltykov ndi wasayansi Vladimir Milyutin ndi Nikolaem Mordvinovym. Pamisonkhano zinakambidwa Petrashevists ziphunzitso zokomera, mapulani a kusokonekera chosintha. Dostoevsky anali wothandiza yomweyo chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom mu Russia.

Komabe, boma atamva bwalo, ndipo mu 1849, 37 ophunzira, kuphatikizapo Dostoevsky, anamangidwa mu Petro ndi Paulo Linga. Iwo anaweruzidwira ku imfa, koma Mfumu ndingokhala chiweruzo, ndi wolemba anagwidwa ukapolo ntchito molimbika Siberia.

Mu Tobolsk, m'ndende

Iye anapita ku Tobolsk pa chisanu yoopsa kwambiri ku aŵiri lotseguka. Apa akazi a Decembrists, Annenkov ndi Fonvizin anapita Petrashevists. Feat akazi awa anamusilira dziko lonse. Iwo anapereka Aliyense anamulamula mogwirizana ndi Uthenga Wabwino, chimene ndalamazo anali padera. chakuti akaidi sankaloledwa ndi ndalama, kotero anasintha kwa kanthawi zikhalidwe mavuto.

Kundendeko wolemba kuzindikira mmene rationalistic, zongoganizira lingaliro la "Christianity latsopano" kwa lingaliro la Khristu, amene thandizo - anthu. Fyodor pano anapereka latsopano "chizindikiro cha chikhulupiriro". Bukuli lili ndi mtundu of Christianity. Kenako, zimenezi zimaonekera ntchito zina za Dostoevsky, zomwe ife ndikuuzani inu nthawi ina.

usilikali mu Omsk

Pakuti wolemba, zaka zinayi yakalavula gaga linasintha pambuyo nthawi inayake usilikali. Iye anapita moyang'aniridwa ku Omsk kuti Semipalatinsk. Kuno moyo ndi ntchito ya Dostoevsky anapitiriza. Wolemba anatumikira mu malo a wamba, ndiye analandira udindo wa kapitawo. Iye anabwerera ku St. Petersburg mpaka mapeto a 1859.

Yofalitsa ya m'magazini

Panthawi imeneyi, ndinayamba wauzimu Pofunafuna Dostoevsky, amene zaka 60 inatha mu mapangidwe zikhulupiriro pochvennicheskih wolemba. Wambiri ndi ntchito za Dostoevsky pa nthawi ino zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha zochitika zotsatirazi. Wolemba kuyambira 1861, pamodzi ndi Michael, m'bale wake anayamba kufalitsa magazini yotchedwa "Time", ndipo liletse izo - "umodzi". Ntchito pa mabuku atsopano ndi magazini, Fyodor Mikhailovich maganizo ake pa vuto la chithunzi anthu ndi wolemba m'dziko lathu - ndi Russian, choyamba zosinthika lamadyerero Mkhristu.

Ntchito yoyamba wolemba pambuyo yakalavula gaga

Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Dostoevsky pambuyo Tobolsk zasintha kwambiri. Mu 1861 panali buku loyamba wolemba zimene analenga pambuyo yakalavula gaga. Mu ntchito iyi ( "The chipongwe ndi kuvulaza") anasonyeza chifundo Dostoevsky kwa "anthu aang'ono" amene ali pansi ndi mphamvu kuti akhale lopitirira manyazi. Anapeza tanthauzo lalikulu chikhalidwe monga "Nyumba ya Akufa" (zaka za chilengedwe - 1861-1863) limene anayamba ndende ina wolemba. Mu magazini "Time" anaonekera "Mfundo Zima pa Chilimwe Chidwi" mu 1863. Iwo Fyodor anadzudzula dongosolo Western zikhulupiriro ndale. Mu 1864 anapita buku la "Mfundo kuchokera Mobisa". Mtundu uwu wa chibvomerezo Dostoevsky. Ntchito yake, sazisintha wake kale zolinga zawo.

Komanso ntchito Dostoevsky a

Mwachidule, longosolani momwe ntchito zina wolemba. Mu 1866 anaonekera buku lotchedwa "Chilango" omwe ndi chimodzi chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yake. Mu 1868 anapita "The chitsiru" buku, kumene poyesa anapangidwa kulenga ngwazi zabwino, atsutsana zolusa, dziko wankhanza. Mu zaka 70 zilandiridwenso FM Dostoevsky akupitiriza. Anakhala wotchuka mabuku monga "The ziwanda" (chaka cha buku - 1871), ndi "Mwana", amene anaonekera mu 1879. "Abale Karamazov" - buku, yomwe inali ntchito lomaliza. Iye mwachidule Dostoevsky. buku Zaka - 1879-1880. Mu ntchito iyi, mbali yaikulu, Alyosha Karamazov, kuthandiza ena mu nthawi yamavuto ndi mavuto, onetsetsani kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu - tanthauzo la chikhululukiro ndi chikondi. Mu 1881, 9 February, Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich anafa St. Petersburg.

Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Dostoevsky mwachidule anafotokoza m'nkhani ino. Sitingathe kunena kuti wolemba nthawi zonse chidwi kwambiri mu mpumulo wa vuto la munthu. Lembani mbali zofunika kuti anali ntchito Dostoevsky a, mwachidule.

The munthu wolemba

Fyodor Mikhailovich pa lonse ntchito yake kuganizira vuto lalikulu la anthu - mmene kugonjetsa kunyada, umene uli waukulu gwero kulekanitsa kwa anthu. Kumene, pali mfundo zina za ntchito Dostoevsky, koma makamaka zochokera izi. Wolemba ankakhulupirira kuti aliyense wa ife ali ndi luso polenga. Ndipo izo ziyenera kutero, pamene anali kukhala, muyenera kulankhula. Related Munthu wolemba anapereka moyo wake wonse. Wambiri ndi zilandiridwenso wa Dostoevsky zikutsimikiziridwa.