West Berlin. Kumadzulo kwa West Berlin

Dziko lolemera kwambiri ndi lotukuka ku Ulaya ndi Germany. G. Berlin, yomwe ili likulu, imatengedwa ngati mzinda wokhala ndi mbiri yovuta komanso yovuta. Ndipo chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa nthawi yake ndi nthawi, nthawi yomwe likululi ligawanika kukhala magawo awiri. Izo ziri ku East ndi West Berlin.

Chiyambi cha mbiriyakale

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse itatha, akuluakulu ogwira ntchito ku mbali ya kumadzulo kwa likululi anayamba kuchitapo kanthu molimba mtima kuti apatukane ku Berlin mu magawo awiri. Zambiri zachitidwa pa izi. Mwachitsanzo, magulu a Chifalansa, Chingerezi ndi Amerika adalowetsedwa mu ndale komanso ndondomeko ya zachuma kumadzulo kwa dzikoli. Kwa nthawi yaitali, West Berlin inagwira ntchito yapadera pa nkhondo yomwe inatsutsana ndi GDR, komanso maiko ena ambiri a boma la Socialist . Koposa kamodzi, mamembala a NATO anakwiyitsa West Berlin kukhala mikangano, ndipo iyo inabweza. Kuti ziwone bwino, izi zonse zinapangitsa kuti maiko ena ndi maiko onse padziko lonse asokonezeke. Chotsatira chake, mu 1961, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, boma la GDR linaganiza zolimbikitsa mphamvu ndi chitetezo pa chigawo chino. Chotsatira chake, malire a West Berlin anakhudzidwa, ndipo ulamuliro wa malire unayambika.

East Berlin

Nkhani iyi sitingathe kunyalanyazidwa. Pambuyo pake, panthawiyo kunali West ndi East Berlin. Kodi ndiyenera kunena chiyani za womaliza? Kuphatikiza kwa East Berlin ku masiku a GDR kuyambira 1948 mpaka 1952. Iye anali mu mgwirizano wachuma ndi mayiko ena a malo ogwira ntchito. Koma adagwirizanitsa ndi German Democratic Republic, ndipo East Berlin anakhala mgwirizano umodzi, ndipo potero anapeza ufulu wosankha azidindo ku Chamber of Lands, komanso ku Chamber of People. Malamulo omwe adayendetsedwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo adayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha atavomerezedwa ndi City Assembly. Kwenikweni, ku Berlin Berlin, boma, parliament, Office of Prosecutor Office, komanso Supreme Court analipo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti lamulo la East Berlin linangotengedwa mu 1990, pa April 23. Mpaka pano, udindo wake unakwaniritsidwa ndi Constitution Constitutional of Greater Berlin.

Zochitika

Mu 1953, chiwonetsero chotsutsana ndi boma chinachitika ku East Berlin. Koma mwamsanga anaphwanya asilikali a Soviet, monga utsogoleri wa GDR anawufuna. Kenaka West Berlin anakhaladi "chizindikiro", pakati pa chigawo chonse. Unali mzinda weniweni wokhala ndi moyo wabwino panthawiyo, ndi ufulu wandale komanso chitetezo cha anthu. Pa nthawi imeneyo, "dziko laling'ono" la Germany linasankha mzinda wa Bonn. Ponena za GDR, idakhazikitsa likulu lawo ku Eastern District, motero. Nkhondoyo inakula, ndipo mu 1961 kumanga kwa Wall Berlin kunayamba. Cholinga cha polojekitiyi chinayikidwa ndi Socialist GDR. Nzika zochokera ku mbali imodzi zimatha kudutsa mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mfundo izi. Kumeneku, anthu adadutsa, kenako amaloledwa kudutsa malire, kapena ayi.

Ubale ndi Germany

Mu 1972, mgwirizano wa chipani chinayi pakati pa USSR, France, Britain ndi United States unayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo mgwirizano wokhudza nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi FRG, GDR ndi Seneti palokha, zomwe ulamuliro wa West Berlin unkalamulira. Pambuyo pake, vutoli, lomwe linali lozoloŵera m'mudzi mwathu, anali atagona. Chigwirizano chimenechi chinapangitsa kuti mgwirizano ukhale wabwino pakati pa West Berlin ndi Federal Republic of Germany, komanso, pazomwekuyenera kutero. Komabe, pansi pa chikhalidwe chimodzi - ngati makampaniwa adakali osiyana ndi Federal Republic. Izi zikhoza kutchedwa mtundu wotsutsana.

Ndale

Tiyeneranso kunena mau ochepa ponena za njira yandale ya West Berlin. Mtsogoleri wapamwamba anali Chamber of Deputies, ndipo mkuluyo anaphedwa ndi senayo, yemwe mutu wake unali woweruza. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti iwo ankalamulidwa ndi akuluakulu ogwira ntchito. Kunena za maphwando, chinthu choyamba chimene ndikufuna kunena ndicho chikhalidwe cha demokrasi, chaulere ndi chachikhristu. Iwo ankaonedwa kuti ndi mabungwe apadziko a maphwando ena a Federal Republic. Ndizosatheka kunena za chipani cha Socialist, mwa kulankhula kwina - Marxist-Leninist. Kugawo la West Berlin, palinso mgwirizano wa mayiko ogwirizana a Germany ndi mabungwe ena ambiri.

Kukula ndi Kupambana

East ndi West Berlin (mapu a mzinda wakalewo amasonyeza momwe likululikululi likugawanika) zinali zigawo zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amakhala moyo wake. Ndondomeko yayikulu yambiri inayamba kuonekera ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la West Berlin, malingaliro othandizira zowonongeka. Anapanga ndondomeko yowonjezera gawo lakummawa. Anayamba kuwonekera malingaliro onse, okonzedwa kuti apite patsogolo patsogolo. Misewuyi inamangidwanso. Panali njira yofunika kwambiri pa izi. Mwachitsanzo, msewu wa mphete unalumikizidwa ndi misewu ndi mbali yapakati. Panali njira ya misewu yovomerezeka. Ndipo dera lomwe limatchedwa Kurfurstendamm linkatengedwa ngati malo amodzi amalonda. Kotero kummawa ndi kumadzulo kwa gawo lalikulu la dziko la Germany kunayamba mpaka kugwa kwa Wall Berlin. Ndipo izi zakhala zikuchitika posachedwa - kokha mu 1989, kachiwiri pamsonkhano wa GDR, chifukwa chakuti USSR inakana kulowerera muzandale za Republic.

Nthawi yathu

Khoma la Berlin lasintha posachedwapa, monga tafotokozera kale, ndipo mwina, chifukwa cha ichi mbali zakum'mawa ndi zakumadzulo za likulu ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake. Chirichonse chosiyana: kuyambira ndi mtundu wa nyali, kutha kwa zomangidwe. Gawo lakumadzulo liri lolemera kwambiri muzowoneka bwino kwambiri mumzinda wa Berlin. Zithunzi, zomwe zikusonyeza zina mwa izo, ndithudi zimalimbikitsa kuphunzira mbiriyakale ya mzinda uno. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, tiyenera kudziwa Park Tiergarten ndi gawo la Victory. Kapena nyumba ya Bellevue, yomwe ili pamalo okongola a paki. Pakali pano akuonedwa kukhala pulezidenti.

Zojambula ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe

Zomangamanga za West Berlin sizingakhoze kukopa diso. Pearl of Charlottenburg imaonedwa kuti ndi ngale komanso katundu wa likulu. Kukonzekera kwake kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17 kwa mkazi wa Frederick III, Sophia-Charlotte. Ndipo, ndithudi, akuwala ndi Reichstag yodabwitsa. Anamuuza kuti amange Mfumu William, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 (zenizeni, mu 1884). Paul Valotta adalenga kupanga mapulani, ndipo chifukwa chake, nyumbayi inamangidwa. Komabe, mu 1933 adayatsa moto. Koma nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, Reichstag inamangidwanso. East Berlin ndi zamakono muzinthu zamakono, koma izi ndizozikuluzikulu za likulu. Kugwirizana kwa nyumba zamakedzana ndi zokopa zamakono ndizo zimakopa anthu padziko lonse lapansi kupita ku mzinda uno. Ndipo monga alendo ozoloŵera, ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, archaeologists, komanso anthu ena omwe amawona kuti ndilo cholowa chenicheni cha mzinda wa Berlin. Zithunzi zomwe zilipo masiku ano, sizingathe kuwonetsa mphamvu za likulu, koma zimapereka lingaliro - ndithudi.