Mari Republic: malongosoledwe, mzinda kuderali, ndipo mfundo zosangalatsa

Mari Republic (Mari El) - mmodzi wa Russian Federation, amene boma lawo. mapangidwe ichi, ankakhala mu gawo Loona za Russia, ndi ufulu kudziyimira pawokha kuyambira nthawi ya Soviet Union. Dera limeneli ndi wapadera kwambiri ndipo ndi chidwi kufufuza zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni kudziwa zimene zimapanga Republic Mari ndi anthu ake.

malo Hrs

The Republic of Mari El lili kum'mawa kwa gawo European la Chitaganya cha Russia. Kumpoto ndi kumadzulo nkhani za chitaganya pa malire a dera Nizhny Novgorod kumpoto ndi kum'mawa - ndi dera Kirov, kum'mwera-kum'mawa - ndi Republic of Tatarstan, ndi kumwera - Chuvashia.

Republic Mari lili ndi kotentha zone nyengo ndi kotentha mtundu nyengo chokhala.

M'dera la phunziro la Federation ndi 23,4 zikwi sq M.. Km, umene ndi 72-mamita index mwa zigawo zonse zitatu za dziko.

Likulu la Republic Mari - Yoshkar-Ola

Mwachidule Chiyambi Chawo

Tsopano pang'ono yang'anani mu mbiriyakale ya Republic of Mari El.

Kuyambira kale, m'dera limeneli anali anthu Finno-Ugric mafuko, amene zoona, ndinu mtundu titular la Republic. Mu mbiri yakale iyo inkatchedwa Cheremisses, ngakhale eni anaitanidwa Mari.

Pambuyo mapangidwe a mafuko Golden gulu Mari analowa kapangidwe kake, ndipo pambuyo kugwa boma ya makhwawa zitsulo wa Kazan Khanate. Chifukwa pophatikizana wa Kazan Ivanom Groznym mu 1552 dziko linakhala mbali ya Russian Mari ufumu. Ngakhale kuti mayiko a azungu Cheremisses anatenga Russian nzika ngakhale kale, ndipo anabatizidwa. Kenako, nkhani ya Mari ali inextricably zogwirizana ndi tsoka la Russia.

Koma ena mafuko Mari sanafune basi kutenga Russian nzika. Choncho, nthawi kuyambira 1552 pa 1585 zinali zodzaza ndi chiwerengero cha nkhondo Cheremis amene cholinga anakakamizika Mari mafuko kutenga Russian nzika. M'kupita Mari anagonjetsedwa ndi ufulu zawo n'zochepa kwambiri. Koma mu zaka wotsatira, iwo akhala kutengapo mbali mu kusamvera zosiyanasiyana Mwachitsanzo, Pugachev kupanduka mu 1775.

Nthawiyi, Mari anatengela chikhalidwe Russian. Iwo apanga script zake zochokera zilembo za Chisililiki, ndipo pambuyo kutsegula kwa Kazan seminare, ena oimira anthu anali kupeza maphunziro abwino.

Pambuyo Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira Mari Autonomous Oblast analengedwa mu 1920. Mu 1936, a Mari Autonomous Republic unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko ake (MASSR). Atakalamba Soviet Union mu 1990, izo reorganized mu Republic Mari.

Utatha Soviet Union ndi mapangidwe la Russia, limodzi la maphunziro a boma anakhala Republic Mari, kapena monga amatchedwa njira inanso, Republic of Mari El. Malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino maphunziro onse mofanana kwa ntchito zinthu zimenezi.

Chiwerengero cha dziko

Anthu ambiri a Republic Mari panopa waima pa 685,9 zikwi. Anthu. Ndi basi chifukwa 66-TH mwa nzika zonse Russian Federations.

The kachulukidwe anthu mu dziko ndi 29,3 anthu / sq. M. Km. Yerekezerani: mu ofanana Nizhegorodskaya dera index ndi 42,6 anthu / sq M.. Km, Chuvashia -. anthu 67,4 / sq km. Km, ndi m'dera Kirov -. 10,8 okhala / sq km. Km.

Ngakhale kuti anthu m'dzikoli komanso constituent wa Mari El ali Mari, panthawi iwo - osati ochuluka kuposa mitundu gulu la dziko. The ambiri mwa anthu ichi Russian m'maderawa. Oterewa 45,1% ya chonse cha anthu a Federation ndi. Mari ndi% 41,8 yekha ali mu dziko. Kalembera otsiriza, imene Mari numerically anapambana Russian, anapangidwa mu 1939.

Mwa mitundu ina achuluka kwambiri Chitata. chiwerengero chawo chimachititsa 5.5% ya chiwerengero cha anthu mu Mari-El. Komanso, mu dziko moyo Chuvash, Chiyukireniya, Udmurt, Chibelarusi, Mordvins, ku Armenia, Azerbaijanis, ndi Germany, koma chiwerengero chawo n'chochepa kwambiri kuposa mafuko atatu zatchulidwazi.

Kufalitsa zipembedzo

Mu Mari El imafalira chiwerengero mwachilungamo zipembedzo zambiri zosiyana. Pankhaniyi, 48% anadzitcha Akhristu Orthodox, 6% ndi Muslim ndipo 6% - kumbali ya akale chipembedzo cha Mari. Komabe, pafupifupi 6% ya anthu - ndi okana Mulungu.

Kuwonjezera zipembedzo pamwamba, dera ali dera Catholic komanso mmadera a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana Chiprotestanti.

utsogoleri magawano

The Republic of Mari El, tichipeza zigawo khumi ndi mizinda itatu ya subordination dera (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk ndi Kozmodemyansk).

Madera ambiri a Republic of Mari: Medvedevsky (67.1 zikwi INH ..), Venigovsky (42.5 zikwi INH ..), Soviet (29.6 zikwi INH ..), Morkinsky (29.0 zikwi INH ..). Mwachirengedwe, yaikulu ndi Kilemarsky District (3.3 zikwi sq. Km.).

Yoshkar-Ola - likulu la Mari-El

Likulu la Republic Mari mzinda wa Yoshkar-Ola. Inkakhala pafupifupi pakati pa deralo. Panopa pali za 265,0 zikwi. Anthu pa osalimba a anthu 2640,1 anthu / sq. M. Km.

Mwa mitundu chogwidwa ndi Russian, ndi ngakhale kutchulidwa kuposa mu ambiri mu dziko. Chiwerengero chawo 68% ya chonse cha anthu. Maris zotsatilazi iwo ndi yokoka enieni 24%, ndipo Chitata - 4.3%.

mzinda linakhazikitsidwa kumbuyo mu 1584 pamene mpanda Russian asilikali. Popeza penipeni ndipo mpaka 1919 anawatcha Tsarevokokshaisk. Mu 1919, pambuyo Chisinthiko cha Bolshevik, dzina lake Krasnokokshaysk. Mu 1927 anaganiza Sinthani dzina kuti Yoshkar-Ola, lomwe latembenuzidwa kuchokera Mari "mzinda wofiira".

Panopa Yoshkar-Ola - ndi ndi lalikulu malo dera ndi anayamba zomangamanga, mafakitale ndi chikhalidwe.

mayiko ena mzinda

Onse a mzinda wa Mari Republic ndi kwambiri zosakwana Yoshkar-Ola. Yaikulu ya iwo Volzhsk lili ndi anthu 54,6 zikwi. Anthu, lomwe ndi pafupifupi kasanu zosakwana ku likulu.

mizinda ina m'chigawo akhoza kudzitama anthu ngakhale ochepa. Choncho, Kozmodemyansk moyo 20,5 anthu masauzande Medvedevo - .. anthu 18,1 zikwi, Zvenigovo - .. anthu 11,5 zikwi, m'mudzi Soviet - .. anthu 10,4 zikwi ..

Midzi otsala Republic ndi anthu a anthu osachepera 10,000.

Republic of zomangamanga

Poyerekeza ndi madera ena a Russian zomangamanga Mari Republic, kupatulapo mzinda wa Yoshkar-Ola, sitinganene kuti ndi bwino anayamba.

M'dziko pali ndege imodzi yokha yomwe ili ku likulu lake. Komanso, dera ali 2 okwerera basi ndi 51 basi. zoyendera Railway ukufanizidwa ndi okwerera khumi ndi zinayi.

Nyumba ya Mari Republic kawirikawiri anamanga nkhuni. Nkhanizi lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ngati abwino kwa malo amenewa. Pindulani mu dera nkhuni akusowa. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, koposa nyumba mkulu-nyamuka ikumangidwa ndi nyumba ya zipangizo zamakono nyumbayi.

Chiyambireni cha Zakachikwi ku likulu Yoshkar-Ola anapanga zikuluzikulu ntchito yokonzanso kubwezeretsa zipilala chikhalidwe ndi kamangidwe ka mzinda.

chuma ndi mabwalo a

Pakati m'madera a makampani zotsogola zokhomakhoma ndi luso lopanga. Palinso makampani ikugwira ntchito nkhuni, nsalu ndi chakudya makampani. Pafupifupi kupanga zonse anaikira mu mzinda wa Yoshkar-Ola ndi Volzhsk.

Mu ulimi, m'pamenenso chitukuko cha ziweto, makamaka ng'ombe ndi nkhumba. Mbewu imakhazikika kukula ndi mbeu izi: dzinthu, fulakesi, mbewu forage, mbatata ndi zina zamasamba.

zokopa alendo

Ikulu angathe zinthu zosangalatsa wotchuka Mari Republic. Zosangalatsa mu dera, ndithudi, wosiyana pogwiritsa mwachizolowezi mwanyanja, koma angathe kubweretsa mochepa, ndipo mwinanso zambiri zosangalatsa. Woyera mpweya ladzala ndi ngodya otetezeka dera lino singagwire chilichonse.

Yapadera cholembedwa ndi nyanja ku Republic Mari. Dera lili ambiri a iwo, ndipo iwo ali wa chidwi kwa alendo. Chapadera Kulikovo nyanja pafupi ndi mzinda wa Volzhsk.

Kwa apaulendo amene amakonda kukhala m'bungwe, zitseko zawo ku malo zosangalatsa m'ndende ndi zolemba zatsiku Mari Republic ana.

mfundo zosangalatsa

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale fuko titular wa Mari El ali Mari, ambiri a anthu a m'maderawa - mitundu Russian.

Isanafike chilengedwe mu 1920 wa Mari Autonomous Region mu Mari sanali yekha, ndi gawo la pano Republic of Mari El wagawanika mwa zigawo zingapo.

Kunja Republic Mari ali kunyumba kwa ambiri Mari, kuposa mkati.

General makhalidwe a Republic Mari

Ngakhale Republic Mari ndipo sangathe kutchedwa patsogolo mafakitale dera la Russia, ndi Region mungathe waukulu. chuma chake chachikulu - wolimbikira ntchito anthu. Ambiri mwa anthu a m'dera - mitundu Russian ndi Mari. Region kawirikawiri asezare ndipo ali mzinda umodzi wokha, imene tingati salembedwa chachikulu - likulu la Yoshkar-Ola.

Kuwonjezera chimachititsa anthu, Mari Republic amadziwika Russia ndi zambiri wapadera zinthu zosangalatsa. maholide thanzi dera amatha kuchiza ambiri matenda.