Nature wa dera Moscow, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuteteza

Mbali yaikulu ya chilengedwe Moscow ndi dera Moscow ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri.

malo

Moscow dera losiyana mpumulo makamaka mosabisa. Mu dera la kumadzulo kwa mapiri ataliatali, ufikira mamita oposa zana ndi makumi asanu. Kum'mawa chimakwirira makamaka chigwa lonse.

Kuchokera kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa kumpoto kum'mawa kuyambira malire a Moscow glaciation. Kumpoto kwa izo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mitundu glacial kukokoloka, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi tithe othimbirira. Kum'mwera kufalitsa yekha erosional mitundu mpumulo.

nyengo

Makamaka chikhalidwe cha Moscow dera ndiyo zone zolimbitsa nyengo. Polingalira za seasonality osiyana m'chilimwe nyengo yofunda, ndi yozizira ozizira mwapang'ono. Munthu angathe kusunga kuwonjezeka chokhala ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Nthawi kuchokera masiku 120 mpaka 135, kutentha avareji m'munsimu 0 digiri Celsius. Chimakhala nthawi ili, kuyambira mwezi wa November mpaka kumapeto March. Nature Moscow dera ndinazolowera kutentha zikutanthauza pachaka zomwe ranges kuchokera 2,7 kuti 3.8 madigiri Celsius.

mtsinje

Onse Madamu otaya-kudzera mwa dera Moscow ndi kugwirizana kwa Volga beseni. Volga yokha anaŵerama mozungulira malo aang'ono a gawolo malo lagona malire ndi dera Tver. Kumpoto kwa mtsinje wa Volga makhwawa otaya, ndi kumwera - makhwawa a Oka, umene ndi tributary wa woyamba ndi wachiwiri kukula pambuyo Volga m'dera Moscow. The dziwe losambira wa Oka mulinso makhwawa a Moskva Mtsinje, mbali yaikulu ya envelopu Meshchery.

Chiwerengero cha mitsinje m'dera - oposa mazana atatu. kutalika ndi makilomita oposa khumi. Aliyense ali ndi nthenda mokwanira bwino anayamba floodplains chigwa. The kwambiri ndi chipale kudyetsedwa. nthawi chigumula ndi nthawi kuchokera April kwa May. Mu nthawi ya chilimwe chonse madzi mlingo ndi wotsika, kukwera Koma ngati mvula yaitali. Kuyambira November ndi April, mtsinje yokutidwa ndi ayezi. Kutumiza yekha lalikulu: Oka, ndi Volga ndi Moskva Mtsinje.

zomera

Chifukwa chakuti dera Moscow ili mu nkhalango steppe mabacteria, nkhalango zowirira kuphimba za makumi peresenti ya malo okwana dziko. Mbali kumpoto ndi Upper Volga m'zigwa, kumadzulo - Mozhaisk, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy malo. Mderali waperekedwa nkhalango coniferous, zambiri za zomwe ndi spruce. Nature wa Region Moscow mu chigawo akuimira Meshchora paini nkhalango. Mu otsika lowe angapezeke nkhalango wakutali wa alder. M'chigawo chapakati ndi kum'mawa kwa gawo laling'ono kukula mitengo coniferous ndi deciduous. Maziko a spruce, paini, birch, Aspen.

Malowo chimapambana otuwira, amatchedwanso hazelnut. The zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe, Moscow dera chifukwa kuli chifukwa cha subzones. Ngati pakati chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mitengo coniferous, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa nkhalango deciduous. Zikuphatikizapo thundu, Aspen, ndi Elm ndi mapulo masamba ndi mpeni wakuthwa. zone Izi kusintha ngati Moskva-Oka phiri, olemera ndi timapepala lalikulu spruce. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi chapamwamba Lopasnya mtsinje. Oka chigwa chimakwirira m'nkhalango ya paini, mwachibadwa zake ndi khalidwe la steppes lapansi.

Kunja kwa mzinda kum'mwera, womwenso Silver-Prudsky m'dera lolamuliridwa ndi zone nkhalango-steppe. Chifukwa chakuti chidutswa chirichonse cha dziko analima, zachilengedwe zovuta ali sanapulumuke ngakhale zidutswa. Only zina mukhoza kukumana laimu kapena thundu munda.

Chifukwa chakuti m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, nkhalango anali pansi kudula mitengo kwambiri, chikhalidwe cha dera Moscow zasintha chiŵerengero cha mitundu mtengo. Softwood (makamaka - spruce) nkhuni submenu yaing'ono leafed amene ali birch ndi Aspen. Kuti tsiku lililonse matabwa ali ndi madzi mtengo motetezera, kotero kudula pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka. Anamvera ntchito yokonzanso mu mode mwadzidzidzi - m'dera la kufupi atangochimwa Moscow.

Mu Shatura ndi Lukhovitsky malo wamba chithaphwi. Ambiri a iwo ali mbali ya kum'mawa. meadows Natural pafupifupi sizidzachitikanso. chiwerengero cha mbewu mbadwa amachepetsa yokhudza ufiti Komabe, ambiri zikupitiriza mamembala wobiriwira mitundu ina, monga mapulo American, ng'ombe parsnip Sosnowski, Aquilegia vulgaris. The Nature Conservancy wa dera Moscow n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zomera zambiri kutchulidwa Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russia. Zikuphatikizapo madzi mgoza, slipper chidona, ndipo ena.

dziko nyama

Maphunziro a nyama m'dera akuimira yoongoka, otters, mapuloteni, otter, muskrat, ermine, raccoon agalu, hedgehogs, akalulu (Belyakov brown), shrews, weasels, nkhandwe, mphalapala, nguluwe, timadontho-timadontho, makoswe (wakuda, imvi) , marten, mbewa (nkhalango, yellow- munda, Brownies, mbewa mwana), mbewa birch, mink, mphalapala (mfulu, wamawangamawanga, gwape), muskrat, voles (wofiira, imvi, Pashennoye, madzi, wantchito), ferrets wakuda . The zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe cha dera Moscow si mitundu imene ili. Pa malire kukumana ndi chimbalangondo, amphaka, nkhandwe. Kum'mwera anthu hamsters nyenyezi yaing'ono, mabanga agologolo pansi, hamsters, mwala marten, ferrets.

m'madera munthu akhoza kudzitama a anthu amphamvu a nyama atypical am'derali. Zikuphatikizapo agologolo zouluka, agologolo zouluka, American, Siberia nswala roe. Mwina, mitundu awa nyama zinkachokera ku madera ena. Mu Moscow pali oposa khumi ndi mitundu ya mileme Myotis (wamba, baleen, dziwe, madzi), mleme (nkhalango, atumiki), noctule (wofiira, waung'ono, chimphona), khungu awiri yofiira, zofiirira plecotus.

zomera mapiko

Birdwatching zovuta limapangidwa mitundu yoposa zana ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri a mbalame. Muli ambiri tamarind, Mbalame, grouse, bullfinches, Nightingale, Korostelev peewits, woyera dokowe, imvi chimeza, gulls, toadstools, abakha, ofiira. Pali zambiri mpheta, magpies, akhwangwala ndi nthumwi za mbalame zamoyo chapakati Russia. Zoposa makumi mitundu anatchula kusaka.

anthu Water

Nature Moscow Region wolemera amatunga amene amakhala zosiyanasiyana waukulu wa nsomba (ruffs, carp, breams, groupers, roach, Rota, Pike-nsomba, Pike).

Maphunziro tizilombo ali ambiri mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, njuchi chimodzi chokha akupanga subspecies oposa mazana atatu. Iwo amakhala apa ndi "nzika" za mayiko Red Book.

amphibia

mitundu isanu zapoizoni chikhalidwe wachuma wa dera Moscow. Photos a ena a iwo tingapeze ngakhale mu mabuku sukulu. Abuluzi (kuphatikizapo Chimaona, anguis, viviparous, nimble), njoka (adder, wamba garter njoka, mphiri). Komanso, pali umboni wakuti pali anthu ka akamba bog m'deralo. Maphunziro achule ndi newts (wamba, pectinate), achule (imvi wobiriwira), chule (azitsamba, moor, nyanja, dziwe, edible), wamba spadefoot, European moto bellied umodzi wa achule.

chitetezo

The ntchito national "Osiyana Moscow dera chilengedwe" cholinga Atchule dziko zinthu cholowa kuti ndi chilengedwe, chikhalidwe ndi sayansi lofunika kwambiri.

Kumbukirani kuti m'pofunika kuteteza apadera mu lolimba amadza anthropogenic pa zamera-maofesi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, anakhazikitsa malo otetezeka. Zikuphatikizapo Oka yamakhonde Biosphere Reserve (amene ali pansi pa chitetezero wapadera wa njati za), National Park "Mphalapala Island", komanso kusaka Otetezedwa "Zavidovo" ndi masewera nkhokwe za kufunika feduro.

polojekiti "Osiyana chikhalidwe cha Moscow dera" disseminates mudziwe mwapadera kuteteza malo achilengedwe a cholowa dziko. maofesi amenewa ndi mbali osiyana onse padziko lapadziko ndi m'madzi, ndi danga pamwamba pawo. Iwo amachotsedwa ntchito mafakitale ndi chuma ulamuliro onse, ndi kusankha matupi wapadera imvera boma wapadera chitetezo.

zipilala chikhalidwe

m'madera mwapadera kutetezedwa ndi irreplaceable zamera-maofesi. Natural zipilala za Region Moscow zikuphatikizapo ntchito zoposa makumi asanu ndi atatu. The zinthu zapakhomo n'chodabwitsa, madera ka mbalame, madera ena a ankawalamulira steppe, ziwembu zigwa gullies osiyana, chambiri beavers, malo amene mbalame chisa, nyanja zazing'ono, midzi, madera aang'onoang'ono nkhalango, mtsinje oxbow zotsatira boma umalimbana asayambe boma awo achibadwa . iwo onse kuchotsedwa m'dziko, ndi motsatira malamulo dziko la Russia.

Chidutswa zachilengedwe ali pasipoti yake, muli nkhani dzina, malo, mlingo wa subordination, malire, modes chitetezo, ntchito chovomerezeka, ndipo mfundo kukhudzana wa eni malo pali zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi zambiri pa anthu amene anatengedwa pa udindo kukhalabe biocomplex.