Ndege: onse tanthauzo ndi mbali

Mogwirizana ndi khwimbi mpweya umene ndegeyo anakhalabe mu mlengalenga, ali kusiyana kwambiri pa ubwenzi ndi mlengalenga, zimaonekera kuchokera padziko lapansi. Mawu akuti "ndege" amatanthauziridwa ndi malamulo a dziko, komanso a Convention Chicago. Mu Russia, ziwiya zonse anafuna kuti ntchito zalembedwa mu dongosolo yeniyeni. Nkofunikira malinga ndi malamulo okhazikika.

Khama la ndege

Osati ndege onse n'chinthu chofunikira ndege. Tizipangizo kukweza ndi kusuntha mu mlengalenga kokha mwa kwakusiyana-amphamvu kapena inertia, musati akugwira ntchito kwa iwo. Sitima ndi mfundo kokhalabe, roketi ndi luso danga, untethered balloons.

Makina ochapira ndege anawagawa m'magulu. Pansipa ndi akuluakulu:

• A - ufulu balloons;
• Mu - aerostats lotengeka (airships);
• C - ndege ndi zina;
• S - danga luso.

Civil Court (mitundu)

Ndege Civil Aviation anawagawa mitundu 2: ofunsira Public ndi malonda, malingana ndi cholinga cha ntchito zawo.

Ngati ngalawa kumatanthauza ntchito ndege pa maziko malonda, ndi anthu onyamula katundu osiyana, izo zimagawidwa monga chotengera malonda. Ngati ndegeyo ntchito kuyenda kapena malonda, akunena za ndege ambiri.

Panopa kuchuluka kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa ndege. Iye amakonda kugwira ntchito sangathe kuthetsa ndege ukugwira ntchito pa maziko malonda. ndege Civil wankhondo ndege angathe kunyamula katundu yaing'ono. Izo ntchito ndege masewera, kwa mayendedwe a alendo, komanso ntchito zina. ndege uyu ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri kupulumutsa okwera nthawi.

Court of Justice la ndegeyo chiyani kuuluka inakonzedwa kudzachitika wolemera ndipo tidakocheza iwo safuna airfield lalikulu. Anthu amene amachita mtundu wa utumiki wa ndege boma, akhoza kusankha njira zotsatirazi kuti m'malo ake, nthawi yomweyo iwo safuna kulembetsa ndi flights umboni.

Ndege mwamwayi m'magulu malinga ndi kulemera yake yeniyeni. Iwo akhoza kukhala choyatsira kapena wolemera kwambiri kuposa malo mpweya. Kuwala Court (zibaluni, dirigible) akhoza kupita m'mlengalenga, popanda thandizo la wapadera magetsi, ndi katundu (ndege, glider) sali mphamvu. ziwiya lolemera mpweya kusiyana mu dongosolo la kudzera zomwe amapereka mu mlengalenga.

The ndege la ndegeyo (gulu)

Flights zotengera anawagawira malingana kopita kwawo, piloting ndi mbali navigation (chida ndi zithunzi), chigawo ntchito, kutalika, malo ndi nthawi ya tsiku.

Ndi flights yokumana ndi wachinsinsi monga:

• zoyendera onyamula anthu ndi katundu osiyana;
• agwire ntchito mlengalenga zokhudza ulimi, zomangamanga, kusamala ndi zinthu zina;
• Maphunziro cholinga maphunziro woyendetsa;
• Maphunziro ntchito kulimbitsa chidziwitso cha oyendetsa;
• kafukufuku koyenera kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndi ena.

Chigawo iwo kuchita ndi: aerodrome, areal, njira osinthasintha-piste.

flights Msinkhu anawagawa kudutsa aang'ono kwambiri, waung'ono, sing'anga lalikulu, okwera stratospheric.

Malinga zinthu mtunda pa imene amapangidwa (m'chigwa, mapiri chipululu, pamwamba madzi, malo kumalo ozizira), ndege komanso ali ndi ziyeneretso zina.

Zofunika adalira

Oyendetsa ndege ali ndi udindo lidzigwira ntchito zake. Kapangidwe ake akhoza lopangidwa ndi anthu a ukatswiri zonse katundu ndi kukhala ndi zikalata za Choyenereza kutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. The ndege adalira akhoza kuloledwa kuuluka okha onyamula zachipatala ntchito zochita, tiyenera pangafunike ntchito maola mofulumira.

Ena mfundo yoti anthu oyendetsa mayina a Air Code a dziko.

Flight adalira

Commander woyendetsa chachiwiri, ndege injiniya mamembala zambiri aircrew zikuchokera. Mkulu ndi udindo chifukwa chitetezo cha ndege ndi anthu pano pa bolodi. Iye imatithandiza kuona kuti ntchito yonse ikuchitika pa bolodi chotengeracho, ndi kuchita mphamvu zonse zofunikira.

The Co-woyendetsa ndi mtsogoleri wachiwiri, ndi woyenera kugwira ntchito yake.

Flight akatswiri okonza mwachindunji oyang'anira boma la makina ndi zipangizo popanda pamodzi kuti ndegeyo sangathe liziyenda bwino.

ndodo luso

Udindo waukulu anyamata ndege ankaona zonyamula ulamuliro chitetezo kuchita zimene zinatchulidwa ndi malangizo apadera. Mu chochitika cha zinthu yachilendo anthu awa ali ndi udindo kutsatira gulu la anthu. Komanso, ndege atumiki akuyenera kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa anthu pa bolodi chotengera.

Anyamata ndi wamng'ono kwa mkulu m'ndegeyo, amene amayang'anira zake ndi mtsogoleri wa.

ndegeyo nthawi zonse olamulidwa ndi anthu - ndi ogwira kapena chosonyeza. Pa nthawi iliyonse, ndege munthu akhoza kulamulira ndondomeko ya ntchito yake.