"Angara" (chilimbikitso): specifications ndi athamangadi

Zouluka m'mlengalenga pa zaka khumi zapitazi pambuyo Launch ya nthambi woyamba moti pafupipafupi kuti munthu wamba mu msewu pambuyo pawo kuonera si mosamala kwambiri. Mu Dziko kanjira zonse atembenuza mazana zipangizo zolinga zosiyana. The makina kupereka mauthenga, anaziika, navigation, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kufufuza, ndi zozolowereka misampha ya moyo ano, monga mafoni am'manja, owerenga laser, kapena ma PC, yomwe mbadwo wakale akanangokhoza ndimalota molimba mtima.

Koma yokumba danga zinthu chofunika kusonyeza kanjira kuilakalaka, ndipo izo zinali mu ntchito mofanana ntchito ambiri mayendedwe anawamasulira autoenterprises, ndege, makampani kutumiza kupita njanji. Russia - mtsogoleri dziko mu yobereka nthambi mu pafupi-Earth danga. Space roketi "Angara" zikuoneka zimadzakhala chida chachikulu ntchitoyo.

Za mphamvu centrifugal

Utatha wa USSR, Russia mwalamulo mosatsata cosmodrome waukulu, Baikonur ndi m'derali ndipo wakhala Chikazaki. Ntchito, ndithudi, zotheka, koma kuti muyenera tsopano kulipira, ndipo angapo. zifukwa ziyangoyango kukulozani wa woyamba Soviet spacecraft zinamangidwa mu kum'mwera kwa dziko, yosavuta. The pafupi ndi equator ya cosmodrome, m'pamenenso ndi mphamvu centrifugal chifukwa cha kasinthasintha wa dzikoli nguli. Choncho, mphamvu yokoka kugonjetsa chida mosavuta pamafunika kupatula mafuta (zitsanzo zina: Cape Canaveral Guinea). kudalira Russia pa m'mayiko ena, ngakhale ochezeka kwambiri, ndi osafunika. Cosmodrome "Plesetsk" ndi "East" - latsopanoli ziyangoyango Launch kumene amafunika m'tsogolo kuchita Launch. "Angara", mbadwo watsopano wa chonyamulira roketi, kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuika mu kanjira katundu malonda pa M'madera a zitunda kumpoto kwa Baikonur.

CB ntchito

The akatswiri Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva ndi ntchito mogwirizana ndi iwo CB ( "Mphamvu", Bureau dzina lake V. P. Makeeva, "Energomash" ndi ena.) Wakhala tasked kulenga zovuta, maluso awo Kuthana ndi sipekitiramu kale ntchito zonyamulira. Tikhoza chopangidwa mu Ukraine "purotoni", "Chimphepo" ndi "Zenit-2". Onse zitsanzo izi za luso danga anali m'malo roketi "Angara". Luso makhalidwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya TV amasiyana makulidwe ndi kulemera kwa payload kuti njira yake. Pofuna kukwaniritsa padziko lonse, pakufunika latsopano cilamulo njira.

Choyamba wachiwiri Director General wa SPC iwo. Khrunichev AA Medvedev pa ntchito yake pa ntchito digiri. Kenako, iye anatsogolera kapangidwe gulu.

Kamangidwe yodziyimira payokha

media Soviet kuyambira chiyambi anamanga pa mfundo yodziyimira payokha. Pa "Vostok" injini anaiika phukusi anayi ozungulira mivi alumikizana. ntchito sanali kuti akonze dongosolo wamphamvu kwambiri angathe katundu wolemera mu kanjira pamaso okonza State Space Khrunichev Research ndi Yopanga Center. Iwo anali kupanga ndi banja magalimoto a ubongo osiyana a yobereka zinthu danga pafupi-Lapansi ndi khwimbi osiyana. Choncho panali mndandanda wa "Angara".

Chilimbikitso zikutanthauza kamangidwe kake ndi gawo la chilengedwe chonse embodiments "Hangar 1.1" ndi "1.2 Angar". Atatu kapena asanu malingaliro amalenga mphamvu kwambiri makalasi wotsatira "Angara-A3" ndi "Angara-A5". mfundo izi zimapereka dongosolo kusinthasintha ndi kumawonjezera angathe malonda danga bungwe Russian, ndi ufulu kukhala lomanga ndi kupewa ndalama zosafunika.

Pali kusiyana wina pamalo abwino zofunika ndi mwayi, amene amakhala ndi "Angara" - chilimbikitso kwathunthu anamanga ku Russia ndipo wafika mayunitsi yekha zoweta misonkhano. zochitika posachedwapa zikusonyeza profitability zachuma ulamuliro wa dziko ndi luso la zopangapanga la Russia.

deta luso

The index chachikulu - kulemera, sipangakhalenso kuika mu kanjira Roketi "Angara". makhalidwe luso zimadalira chiwerengero m'gulu mamangidwe ake a zigawo konsekonse. Pa amphamvu kwambiri Baibulo la chonyamulira (mndandanda A-7, mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero PA) pa thupi okwana oposa 1,100 matani payload matani 35. Izi ndi za mmene iye akanakhoza kuwukitsa "purotoni-M", kuyambira Baikonur. The opeza ndi Baibulo la A-3, akhoza kunyamula katundu wolemera matani 14,6, pamene iye akulemera matani 481. Pomaliza, lightest roketi - "Angara" makhalidwe amene zogwirizana osati bulky kwambiri ndi katundu zinthu amafunika kusonyeza mu mlengalenga (matani 3.8).

Kuwonjezera kusinthasintha ya kasinthidwe, pali mfundo ina yofunika imene kumawonjezera mpikisano wa Russian malonda malo kufufuza. Kamangidwe yodziyimira payokha mosavuta ndi mtengo yobereka TV kwa Launch malo. Maroketi akhoza kubweretsa ngakhale njanji zidutswa.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

The ntchito heptyl monga mafuta a galimoto katundu molumikizana ndi oxidants kwambiri poizoni amalenga chiwopsezo cha kudetsedwa chilengedwe m'dera mu nkhani ya ngozi kapena mavuto ena pangozi. Chifukwa cha aliyense roketi wagawo chilengedwe, chomwe chonyamulira "Angar" Rd-191 ndi injini opaleshoni palafini RG-1. Nthumwi oxidizing ndi liquefied mpweya, amene kwambiri kumawonjezera chitetezo cha dongosolo ndi kuchepetsa mavuto pa chilengedwe. Momwe aliyense gawo chilengedwe 212,6 amayambira adaponya.

kamangidwe

kamangidwe cilamulo anali ovomerezeka ndi Yu. N. Koptevym, mutu wa Rosaviakosmos, ndi wavomerezedwa ndi unduna wa silikhali, amene ulamuliro zikuphatikizapo zinthu KB. ntchitoyo anayamba zaka khumi, chifukwa cha zinachitika pa wayesedwa. Mu 2008, moto kuyezetsa ogwirizana chida gawo pa Chemical Engineering (FSE "SIC RCP"). Kenako mu 2009, anadutsa otchedwa "ozizira kuyesedwa" macheke ndi benchi machitidwe hayidiroliki, mafuta mayunitsi ndi zigawo mafuta. Kenako review womveka wa mfundo zonse URM "Angara" chinachitika mu 2010. Chilimbikitso anatsimikizidwa ntchito. Anayesedwa misonkhano onse ndi kachitidwe. Tsopano pa siteji anali mayesero ndege.

Ulendo oyamba kuyamba

Kaya akhale kuwerengetsera cholondola, ndipo ndi motani mmene Launch bwino sakanati bwinobwino zapita nthaka ndi benchi mayesero, umboni waukulu luso lililonse ntchito malo. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti June 27, 2014 kuchokera Plesetsk cosmodrome anapezerapo "Angara". Chilimbikitso anali opanda kufika kanjira kuukitsa gawo lachiwiri pamodzi ndi chitsanzo kuti simulates ndi payload pa njira yodutsamo ballistic kugonjetsa 5,7 zikwi. Km ndi kugwa mu dera opatsidwa Kamchatka (a Kura mayeso malo). Kuti tsiku zimenezo sizinachitike. Kwa pafupi maminiti khumi ndi asanu isanayambe dongosolo makina polojekiti likunena zambiri za wonongeka a dongosolo mafuta, m'kukoma dontho kuthamanga mu damper oxidant. Prelaunch kuwerengetsa nthawi utaleka. Mwina mutsogoleli wa Russia ndi kukhumudwa chifukwa cha kulephera izi, koma zikuoneka kuti anali wokondwa kuti dongosolo anzeru kupewa ngozi wokulirapo.

ndege yachibadwa

Mafuta zinawukhira, ndi roketi anavula ku PAD Launch, ndi pansi cheke mokwanira machitidwe onse msonkhano kuyesedwa zovuta. Iwo anatenga yaitali kuposa mmene amaganizira, kotero chiyambi anagwidwa kachiwiri. Pomaliza, zinachitika, izo zinachitika pa 9 July. ndege anauika mu mode yachibadwa. Pambuyo masekondi 43 ya mphindi 4 pambuyo Launch anachoka ndipo anagwa mu Pechora Nyanja sitepe yoyamba. Gawo lachiwiri wayamba injini ndikatha masekondi 2, mphindi 8 anagwirako ntchito. 11 gawo. Yambitsaninso fairing zinachitika masekondi 10 itatha yoyamba kulekana siteji. Ambiri, zonse zinayenda bwino chifukwa anapatsidwa ndondomeko chithunzi. The ndege lonse Kamchatka anatenga mphindi 21.

Tsogolo la "Angara"

Chibwenzi kumayamba awiri, ndipo onse anali bwino. Pa lachiwiri pa kanjira geostationary unayambitsidwa awiri matani Kamangidwe, limene phunziro kwa osefukira m'nyanja. Nthawi zonse, kusinthidwa anali ntchito yophweka, kufunika yoperekera mu pafupi-Earth danga matani 35 koma ngakhale roketi ndi "Angara" zofunika A-7 chilolezo.

N'zotheka kuti pambuyo kugonjetsa mavuto azachuma padziko lonse, mgwirizano wa mayiko ku malo lidzafika msinkhu wina wa chitukuko, kudzakhala latsopano ISS, kapena ndi lingaliro la ndege interplanetary. Zikatero, atolankhani amphamvu kwambiri adzakhala zoyendera chomwe chidzachitike mu kanjira cha m'mlengalenga yaikulu m'madera khamu.

Padakali pano, ntchito yayambika pa chitsimikizo "limatifotokozera" chifukwa imalankhula zinakhazikitsa.