Ndi kufanana mphutsi athyathyathya ndipo wozungulira chiyani? Poyerekeza makhalidwe a nyongolotsi mosabisa ndi kuzungulirako

Athyathyathya ndipo ozungulira mphutsi ndikudabwa kulandira ulemerero ndi majeremusi oopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama. Choncho, kudziwa za maonekedwe a dongosolo lawo ndi kugwira ntchito sizidzawapweteka tonsefe. ndi kufanana mphutsi athyathyathya ndipo ozungulira, kodi mbali ya osiyana bwanji, iwo n'koopsa? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa amapezeka m'nkhani.

ndi kufanana mphutsi athyathyathya ndipo wozungulira Kodi

thupi ndi onse athyathyathya ndipo ozungulira mphutsi aumbike mwa zimakhala awa amene amapanga ziwalo ndi kachitidwe kawo. Kumbukirani kuti coelenterates nyama mulibe nyumba izi. Modabwitsa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono zigwirizana maselo osiyana apadera. Mbali wamba ndi mawonekedwe elongated thupi la mphutsi za mitundu onse, ndi makulidwe a owayimilira, amene zimasiyanasiyana.

Choncho, flatworm tiziromboti ng'ombe - Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi, akula mamita 10. Koma wozungulira zamapini sadzachitanso kuposa 10 mm. Komabe, kukula sikumangotikhudza mmene mavuto amene mofanana kwambiri.

Kuyerekezera mphutsi mosabisa ndi kuzungulirako

malo

Oimira flatworms monga ozungulira, parasitic mu ziwalo za nyama zambiri ndi anthu. Mmene kumatidwa ku nyumba yawo mwa nyumba yapadera yomwe ili pa mbali kutsogolo kwa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, chiwindi fluke ali suction pakamwa ndi ventral ndi nkhumba njoka zam'mimba za matepi - Zikuluzikulu ndi mbedza. Roundworms ofanana kuphatikana matupi si choncho amakhala kupitabe kwa misa chakudya. Choncho, zozungulira, amene ali parasitic mu lumen za m'mimba ka munthu, "kuyenda" m'thupi ndi atsopano a magazi ndi oxygen.

Pakati flatworms ndi ufulu okhala-mitundu. losiyanasiyana planarian katswiri watsopano, amatunga mchere ndi pansi nkhalango. Amadyetsa ndi kusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono: nkhanu, hydroids, tizilombo mphutsi ndi mphutsi ena.

njira ya moyo

ndi kufanana mphutsi athyathyathya ndipo wozungulira chiyani? Choyamba, mu njira parasitic wa moyo. Kuwafika zaka kugonana okhwima, iwo kulandira ndi zovuta moyo adzizungulira. Choncho, nyongolotsi wozungulira - majeremusi wa munthu, amene ayitanidwa Trichinella, mu citukuko m'malo mwa eni angapo. Nkhumba kachilombo mphutsi yawo, kudya nyenyeswa ndi osiyanasiyana nyama zina za nyama ndi kachilombo. Kenako chitukuko ndi oyamba a cysts mu ulusi minofu mphutsi. Munthu kachilombo Trichinella ndi kudya bwino-mwachita nyama nkhumba. Mu intestine, ndi mphutsi za tiziromboti usiye chotupa, zimachokera ndipo anapatsa minofu minofu.

Lathyathyathya mphutsi - ndi tiziromboti mphaka fluke - mu dongosolo moyo wake akufotokozera mu thupi la awiri makamu wapakatikati: nkhono ndi nsomba. Only ndiye akafika pamsinkhu wobereka mu ducts a chiwindi ndi nsomba kudya nyama anthu: amphaka, agalu, afisi.

thupi M'mimbamo

Kuchokera pa deta, muli tebulo wathu, roundworms ndi zingapo zochititsa kwambiri kufika dongosolo la. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi zikamera wa M'mimbamo thupi. Mu flatworms ndi kwina kwathunthu. thupi lawo flattened mu dorsoventrally ndipo ali mawonekedwe a pepala kapena kansalu. The mipata pakati pa matupi ali, chifukwa ali odzazidwa ndi mtundu wa minofu connective - parenchyma.

Mu roundworms limapezeka chachikulu thupi patsekeke. Mbali zake khalidwe ndi kudziona akalowa. Pakati pa akuluakulu nthawi zonse amazungulira madzimadzi m'mimba, amakwaniritsa ntchito yofunika. Mawuwa mpweya zimakhala ndi ziwalo, ndi ducts excretory kwa - mankhwala mapeto a kagayidwe. Kuyambira madzimadzi m'mimba ndi opanikizika, ndi nawo ntchito yokonza zonse roundworms mawonekedwe thupi.

chimbudzi Features

kusiyana chidwi ndi mitundu ya nyama ndi makamaka dongosolo la dongosolo m'mimba. Oimira flatworms, kaya khalidwe lawo ndi m'kamwa ndi intestine, amene umatha mwachimbulimbuli. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo sangathe nthawi yomweyo ndipo timadya chakudya ndi excrete izo undigested. A tapeworms palimodzi mosatsata intestine, kuyamwa monga kale m'mimba mfundo zochokera lumen za m'mimba ka nyama.

Round mphutsi - majeremusi amene mwa matumbo. Izi zimapangitsa zambiri tima njira ya kagayidwe. Chifukwa dongosolo lino, excretion wa zatsalira undigested saletsa ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zidutswa latsopano.

Kapangidwe ka machitidwe limba

Dongosolo lonse la matupi mphutsi mosabisa ndi kuzungulira ndi zambiri zofanana. chimakwirira awo naperekanso thumba khungu-akulu. Kapangidwe tichipeza maselo epithelium ❖ kuyanika ndi zigawo zingapo minofu akuzionera. Chotero eg limachititsa kusuntha nyongolotsi yogwira m'malere. Mpweya kuwombola ndi ndondomeko Kugawilidwa kwanthaka zinthu sapeza njira yomweyo.

Mantha dongosolo ongokhala mfundo ndi ndondomeko, njira zosiyanasiyana akaona mphutsi. Ambiri, iwo zili kumapeto kutsogolo kwa thupi. Izi kuwala tcheru maso, chogwirika setae kapena papillae, ziwalo mankhwala maganizo ndiponso moganizira. Ngakhale kusiyana kwambiri mtundu dongosolo ubereki, kuphwa ndi kuzungulira mphutsi ndi siteji yomweyo chitukuko. Izi dzira, larva ndi wamkulu chamoyo.

Kutanthauza athyathyathya ndipo roundworms

Kusanthula kufanana athyathyathya ndipo ozungulira mphutsi, m'pofunika kutchula udindo zamoyo nyama. Parasitizing ku zamoyo, iwo poizoni katundu wawo kagayidwe kachakudya. Mwachitsanzo, flukes chifukwa kutupa kwa chiwindi, ya ndulu ritsa khoma chiwonongeko. Tapeworms, kungolandira zakudya ndi mavitamini kuchokera gulu lake, kuyambitsa kutopa ake, kufooka ndi ngakhale imfa ya chikumbumtima. majeremusi Round kuwononga ambiri a chomera, kuchititsa zinawonongeka kwambiri kwa mbewu. Wotchuka ndulu, ndi tirigu tsinde nematode.

Athyathyathya ndipo ozungulira mphutsi loopsa kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Kupewa matenda, muyenera kudya zipatso bwino kutsukidwa ndi masamba, kutentha mankhwala nyama ndi nsomba, osamwa madzi unboiled, kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo.

Choncho mosabisa ndi kuzungulira mphutsi ndi ofanana mbali ambiri structural. Zikuphatikizapo: malo, mawonekedwe elongated, njira parasitic wa moyo, pamaso pa zigawo zitatu za thupi, pakalibe m'thupi. Komabe, roundworms ndi angapo zina zozama. Choyamba, ndi pamaso pa M'mimbamo pulayimale ndi kudzera intestine lapansi.