Ndi maginito mizere Kodi

Mosakayikira, mizere m'munda wa kumunda maginito tsopano kudziwika kwa onse. Osachepera pa sukulu kusonyeza mawonetseredwe awo pa maphunziro sayansi. Kumbukirani, monga mphunzitsi pansi pepala anaika maginito okhazikika (kapena awiri, kaphatikizidwe ndi lathu kwa mizati yawo), ndi pamwamba pa izo n'kuwaza filings chitsulo anapanga kuphunzira maphunziro ntchito? Ndi momveka bwino kuti zitsulo kusungidwa pa pepala, koma panali chinachake chachirendo - bwino kunachokera mizere imene alimbane utuchi. Onani - osati mofanana ndi mikwingwirima. Izi ndi maginito mizere. M'malo mwake, mawonetseredwe awo. Kodi kenako chinachitika ndi ine ndingakhoze bwanji kufotokoza?

Tiyeni tiyambe kutali. Pamodzi ndi ife mu dziko thupi looneka coexists wapadera nkhani - ndi maginito. Imakhala mawonekedwe kusunthira particles pulayimale kapena matupi akuluakulu ali ndi mlandu magetsi, kapena masoka maginito mphindi. zochitika magetsi ndi maginito osati cholukanalukana ndi mzake, koma nthawi kupanga okha. Mwachitsanzo, waya limene magetsi amalenga maginito padziko yokha mzere. Tikawonetsetsa kukhudzana alternating mphamvu ya maginito pa kuzungulira chatsekedwa conductive izo amalenga kayendedwe ka mlandu zonyamulira. Chuma yamasika ntchito magudumu kuti akakwaniritse magetsi ogula onse. A chitsanzo chapadera cha minda mu atomu - kuwala.

The maginito mizere ali zimayenda mozungulira ndi wochititsa kapena, amene ali woona, yodziwika ndi malangizo a maginito kupatsidwa ulemu vekitala. Malangizo a kasinthasintha anatsimikiza ndi ulamuliro wa chala. N'chakuti mzere - msonkhano, kuyambira kumunda imafalira wogawana mbali zonse. Chinthu ndi kuti akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati nambala wopandamalire mizere, ena amene ali ndi mwamphamvu kwambiri kutchulidwa. N'chifukwa chake ena "mizere" ikuwoneka bwino lomwe mu kuyesera ndi maginito ndipo filings. Kodi chidwi, ndi maginito mizere sadzamva udzasokonezedwa, choncho sitinganene motsimikiza kumene zimayamba ndi kumene ikutha.

Pankhani ya maginito okhazikika (electromagnet kapena ngati), pali nthawi mitengo iwiri, anamsemera dzina la North ndi South. Anati mizere ali mu nkhani iyi - ilo limalira ndi ovals, kulumikiza mizati onse. Nthawi zina limafotokoza mawu a zimavuta monopoles, koma ndiye pali kutsutsana, chimene sikutheka kugawanitsa monopole. Ndiko kuti, aliyense pofuna maginito magawano patsogolo kwa zikamera wa magawo angapo ochititsa kuti.

chidwi chachikulu ndi katundu wa mizere ya mphamvu. Pa kupitiriza kwa ife tanena kale, koma chidwi othandiza ndi luso kulenga mwa wochititsa wa munthu electromotive mphamvu (EMF), chifukwa cha zomwe ndi magetsi. Tanthauzo la izi motere: pamene conductive dera mizere anawoloka ndi mphamvu maginito (kapena ukusunthira wochititsa m'munda maginito), ma elekitironi pa kanjira maatomu kunja zinthu amalankhulira mphamvu zina, zimene zinawathandiza kuyamba wodziimira mbali kuyenda. Tikhoza kunena kuti ngati maginito 'imakankha' particles mlandu kwa kophimba krustalo. chodabwitsa Ichi chikudziwika ngati kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu ndipo panopa njira yaikulu yopangira chachikulu mphamvu zamagetsi. Iwo anapeza experimentally mu 1831 ndi English sayansi Michael Faraday.

Kuphunzira mphamvu ya maginito inayamba mu 1269, pamene P. Peregrine anapeza anzake a maginito ozungulira ndi masingano zitsulo. Pafupifupi zaka 300 pambuyo UG Colchester adati lapansi lokha ndi maginito yaikulu ndi mitengo iwiri. Komanso maginito zochitika kudziwika asayansi afufuza monga Lorentz, Maxwell, Ampere, etc. Einstein.