Ndi matenda kuganiza chiyani? Ndimaganiza matenda: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, gulu

Aliyense amakhala ndi sewero munthu wa chinyezimiro cha chowonadi. Sakhoza kuona chipululu, ndi zina - chilumba cha maluwa pakati pa mchenga ena dzuwa, pamene ena amaganiza si owala zokwanira. chakuti aliyense amaona mosiyana vuto lomwelo, zimadalira kufunika njira maganizo - maganizo. Tikatha kupenda, kuunikira, yerekezerani, achite masamu ntchito kumuyamikila.

kuganiza mbali kuphunzira ndi akatswiri ambiri, nthawi zambiri maganizo. Mu ndege za kuwerenga maganizo, pali zosiyanasiyana mayesero ndi n'loonadi ndiponso kudalirika. Unachitikira kuganiza diagnostics kwa kudziŵa zolephela, komanso maganizo a njira za kafukufuku. Pamaziko a chidziwitso Psychiatric akhoza kudziwa njira pathological maganizo. Pambuyo mankhwala gulu kuthandiza anthu amene asunga ntchito nthenda ya ndondomeko maganizo. Kodi zingaoneke kuyan'anila za maganizo?

mlingo kuonetsa chenicheni cha ndondomeko maganizo ndi chiyani?

Mpaka lero, akatswiri ambiri amati, momwe kufotokoza njira zovuta maganizo - maganizo. Koma mpaka pano, panalibe mokwanira ndiponso ndi nkhani yolembedwa, zomwe kuphimba ntchito zonse zimene akuchita mu malingaliro athu. Zimenezi maganizo ndi mbali ya luntha ndi ena (zinthu, m'maganizo, chisamaliro ndi maganizo). Maganizo amasintha nkhani onse analandira kuchokera kunja, posamutsa mu ndege ya kuzindikira zotengera malingaliridwe a chilengedwe anthu. Fotokozani chitsanzo zotengera malingaliridwe a chenicheni anthu angathe mothandizidwa ndi chinenero, malankhulidwe ndi zimene limamusiyanitsa ndi zolengedwa zina. Ndi kuyamika kulankhula munthu wotchedwa apamwamba wololera payekha.

Atazindikira zochitika zosiyanasiyana, mothandizidwa ndi mawu mwamuna akufotokoza wapeza kusonyeza mfundo ziweruzo zawo. maganizo bwinobwino kuti amakwaniritsa angapo.

• Munthu ayenera mokwanira kuzindikira ndi pokonza mfundo onse amene adza kwa iye kuchokera kunja.
• kuwerengetsa anthu akhale mwa maziko wazotsatira kutengeramo anthu a.
• Pali mfundo ofunda, amene bwino amasonyeza mchikhalidwe ndi malamulo a anthu lonse. Mawuwo za vuto lililonse zikhazikitsidwe mfundo imeneyi.
• Kuganizira njira ayenera chitani mogwirizana ndi malamulo malamulo dongosolo.
• Maganizo sayenera wosazindikira, ndi mwadongosolo kotero bwinobwino akuganizira kwambiri za malingaliro ambiri amavomereza dongosolo la dziko.

i izi ikonza anthu onse pansi pa malamulo ambiri aliko. Palibe munthu angakhoze kupasula payekha. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kwambiri ngati zachilendo. Chitsanzo chapamwamba: Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kudya pambuyo 21,00 zoipa, kotero onse adadya kenako, sali m'gulu zosiyanasiyana zachilendo. Koma ambiri, kupatuka pa saona. Ndipo ndi maganizo. Ena zosagwirizana ndi kapangidwe wamba dziko maganizo ofunda kungakhale, pokhapokha ndi kuphwanyiratu maganizo.

njira matenda

Kudziwa kugwirizana, kutakasuka, kuya, maganizo yovuta, kodi patsogolo maganizo ake, pali njira zambiri kuphunzira ndondomeko m'kati. Mu kumupima zachipatala yaitali kuchitika pa mlingo organic, matenda a matenda a maganizo ikuchitika ntchito zida zochiritsira. Iwo yang'anani kupyolera mafoni, kufunafuna malo pathological, kuchititsa Kujambula, akugwirira ndi zina zotero. Zamaganizo ntchito yawo zipangizo ntchito mayeso. Matenda a ganizo kuwerenga maganizo angathe kuchitidwa ntchito yowunikira makonzedwe ndi masoka kapena choyezera kuyesera. Mayesero ambiri kudziwa makhalidwe a ntchito maganizo: Njira "kupatulapo zachikunja," mayeso Bennett kuphunzira chinthu chimodzimodzi maganizo ndi zina zotero. Kudziwa maganizo matenda ana angagwiritsidwe ntchito "pa gulu", "Circle pa mizere", "tingazizindikirire" kusiyana, "kukhotakhota" ndi ena.

Zimayambitsa kuyan'anila

Zimayambitsa kuyan'anila za kuipidwa ndondomeko maganizo yoonetsa zenizeni za malingaliro athu, zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Ngakhale akatswiri alibe panopa kubwera kwa kuuzidwa za ena kusintha pathological mu malingaliro a anthu. Yak chifukwa kuwonongeka organic, psychosis, gwero lachisokonezo, maganizo. Taganizirani zifukwa zolakwika zikuluzikulu.

1. matenda chidziwitso. Iwo amapanga otsika kwambiri ntchito maganizo. matenda amenewa angayambe zimatiyika pa gulu la thupi. Pa mlingo ma, iwo kusokoneza mtima kuzindikira zenizeni ozungulira, pakuti kenako zochita zoipa za zomwe zikuchitika. Izi pathologies monga matenda a Alzheimer (maganizo chifukwa zotupa organic wa ziwiya oziziritsa), misala. Ngati amakhudza lobes zosatha ubongo kumachitika kukumbukira mkhutu ndi maganizo, amene salola munthu kuchita zinthu mwachizolowezi, kusintha ndi Ikani zinthu. Ngati muli ndi osauka maso munthu wayamba molakwika zambiri, kotero chiweruzo ndi mfundo kungakhale kosagwirizana ndi zochitika zenizeni m'moyo.
2. Kudwala mitundu ya maganizo ochokera kwa maganizo. munthu uyu akhoza kukonza mfundo zochokera mfundo wamba zinthu, kotero kupanga mfundo zosatheka. Apa pali kugawikana wamaganizo, pakalibe limasonyeza aliyense pakati pawo, komanso amaonera mfundo ndi muyezo kunja, palibe kucheza pakati pa zochitika kapena zinthu.
3. Matenda amanena maganizo. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa dongosolo lino la kuzindikira (kwenikweni, kusintha kwa zikuchitika kunja) pali "skewed" wofunika kwambiri pa nkhani yeniyeni zinachitika kuti nkhaniyi limatinso ndi mtengo wamkulu kwa iye.
4. Kupanda dongosolo lamulo. Mwamuna woganiza anamanga mwa njira yakuti mu vuto vuto, iye kufunafuna njira pa maziko a zinachitikira m'mbuyomu ndi processing zambiri mu nthawi anapatsidwa. Mwachibadwa, dongosolo lamulo kumathandiza munthu disengage ku kusapeza ozungulira, kuyang'ana pa vuto kudzifunsa mafunso ndiponso kufufuza mayankho zaphindu pa nthawi yomweyo, kuti akonze dongosolo kanthu wamba. Ndi wopanda lamulo la munthu sangathe msanga ndi bwino kupeza njira yothetsera zimenezi. kuyan'anila amenewa maganizo kungakhale chifukwa zimamuchulukira maganizo, kuvulala, zotupa ubongo, zotupa poizoni, kutukusira mu mphumi.

Mitundu maganizo pathological

Pathologies wa ntchito maganizo kwambiri, chifukwa ndondomeko imeneyi ndi m'zigawozigawo. Pali gulu la kuyan'anila, chomwe chili ndi katundu onse ndi mitundu ya ndondomeko maganizo yoonetsa zenizeni. Mitundu ya kuyan'anila za kuganiza motere:

1. Kudwala wa mphamvu ya maganizo.
2. Kupondelezedwa kwa kutsutsana mbali ya maganizo.
3. Sikuyenda chisokonezo.

Kudwala a mbali opaleshoni ya ndondomeko maganizo

matenda amenewa bwanji ndondomeko ya kuphatikiza mfundo. Chifukwa cha ichi, amavutika ndi kugwirizana zomveka pakati pa iwo mu chiweruzo cha munthu, kudza maweruzo woyamba mwachindunji, zoimira zinthu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Odwala kukhala wa makhalidwe ambiri ndi katundu wa chinthu kusankha abwino kwambiri kwa yolondola makhalidwe ake. Nthawi zambiri, njira imeneyi pathological ndi anthu amene akuvutika maganizo retardation, khunyu, encephalitis.

Kuyan'anila za mtundu izi zikhoza yodziwika ndi ngakhale kupotozedwa ndondomeko generalization. Pankhaniyi, munthu wodwala safuna kuganizira katundu wa chinthu, chikugwirizana ndi mzake zayamba. Posankha yekha makhalidwe mwachisawawa pakati zinthu ndi zochitika palibe kugwirizana zochokera mlingo wamba chikhalidwe. Pali lingaliro chisokonezo mu oyambitsa misala ndi psychopathy.

Matenda okhudza mphamvu ya maganizo

Osiyana m'maganizo mayendedwe, kugwirizana ndi akulembayo zimaonetsa mphamvu za ndondomeko kuwalitsa zenizeni zotengera malingaliridwe. Pali zizindikiro zingapo ankatanthauza kuphwanya mbali zazikulu maganizo.

• Amalowetsa. Kuganiza zachilendo ndipo yotsatana chilichonse popanda kutaya generalization, odwala ayamba kulankhula zinthu zina kwathunthu. Iwo akhoza Wopanda kwa mutu wina popanda kumaliza wina m'mbuyomu, ndikuganiza za mayanjano kuchepa kapena rhymes. Choncho poona zosungitsa monga yachibadwa. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko izi akusokoneza zabwinobwino komanso lomveka sitima wa ganizo.
• Kuyankha. njira imene wodwala akulabadira zikuchitika onse akunja. Iye choyamba kukangana otsutsa komanso moyenera, koma ndiye kutenga mwamtheradi zikuchitika onse monga zoyembekezeka kuganizira zamoyo zipangizo pa dzanja, amene n'kofunika kwambiri kuthandiza kapena mbali. Anthu amenewa akhoza kupeza zimasochera mu malo ndi nthawi.
• Losemphana. Wodwalayo ali osiyana kosagwirizana maweruzo. Ngakhale yosungira katundu zofunika maganizo. Munthu akhoza zonse kusonyeza chiweruzo zomveka, sanafotokozepo lithe. kudwala Izi sizachilendo anthu ndi matenda mtima, kuvulala ubongo, TIR, ndipo ndinaganiza chisokonezo mu akuchita misala, koma chifukwa pafupifupi 14% ya chiwerengero cha matenda.
• Inertness. Pamene ntchito liziyenda ndi mbali ya maganizo ndondomeko-lochita kanthu ndi maweruzo kwambiri mochedwa. Pitani ku ntchito ina, zolinga, osati kuchita mwa chizolowezi ndi povuta munthu. Nthawi zambiri inertia akupezeka anthu ndi khunyu, MDS epileptoid psychopathy ndipo akhozanso kukopeka ndi maganizo, amphwayi, boma adynamic.
• Mofulumira. Mothamanga akutulukira malingaliro, ziweruzo zomwe ngakhale bwanji mawu (sakhoza mawu chifukwa cha nthenda zonse mawu). Ndi matenda kuli bwino emotionality, pamene munthuyo anena chinachake, icho kwambiri manja, kulalikira kudzadzipeza ndi kusonyeza m'munsi khalidwe la maganizo ndi mabwenzi associative.

Kodi zikutanthauza matenda chigawo munthu?

Kwa anthu amene ali kuvutika mu chigawo munthu amaganizira, yodziwika ndi matenda ganizo pansipa.

• Multilevel. Kodi ndi phindu chiweruzo, mapeto mwina "inali" mu ndege osiyana wa ganizo. Pamene wopulumutsidwa kusanthula kaphatikizidwe ndi kufanizitsa ndi munthu ntchito iliyonse akhoza chitani malangizo amene zosagwirizana ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, podziwa kuti muyenera kusamalira chakudya, mkazi akhoza kugula zakudya zambiri zokoma mphaka ndi ana anu. Kuti ndi ntchito ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, maganizo cha cholinga ndi ntchito pathological.
• Zomveka-akuigwiritsa. Mwamuna woganiza ndi kudwala amenewa umalimbana "akukambirana mavuto padziko lonse". Mu njira ina imatchedwa kuphwanya mfundo kanthu. Kuti ndi munthu angathe amathera waluso polankhula wake, wolangiza, zamudrenno anasonyeza popanda chifukwa wapadera.
• Zapamwamba. Pamene munthuyo anena chinachake, amathera kwambiri mawu ndi maganizo kwa izo. Choncho, m'mawu ake, pali tiganizira owonjezera kuti kukhale kovuta kulankhulana.
• Amorphousness. M'mawu ena, ndi kuphwanya ya kulingalira. Munthu uyu kusokonezedwa mu mfundo ndi kugwirizana zomveka pakati pawo. Akunja sangathe kumvetsa zomwe iye anali kunena. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugawikana kwambiri, imene palibe kugwirizana pakati pa mawu payekha.

Okhutira maganizo - ndichiyani?

kuganiza - zinthunzi cheni ake, kuti ndi ntchito ya katundu ili: fanizo, kaphatikizidwe, kusanthula kaphatikizidwe, concretization, mfundo, zigamulo, inferences. Komanso, mfundo zili zikuphatikiza kudziwa dziko - kupatsidwa ulemu ndi deduction. chipangizo ili mkati maganizo ndondomeko akatswiri, patsogolo ndi mitundu: bwinobwino zithunzi-udakali kulenga maganizo.

A kalasi osiyana matenda amene maganizo a anthu akudutsa kudzitsitsa njira ndi kudwala kwa nkhani yake. Pankhaniyi, katundu zasungidwa m'njira, koma chapatsogolo maganizo kupita chiweruzo kuchepa, kugwirizana zomveka kuzichita. Kudwala a kalasi monga matenda a maganizo ndi malingaliro.

Obessii anthu

matenda awa mwinamwake otchedwa obsessions. maganizo amenewa ali musanaganizire yokhazikika kugwira tcheru munthu. Iwo akhoza likatsutsana ndi dongosolo lawo la makhalidwe, salingalira moyo wake. Chifukwa cha iwo, anthu maganizo yotopetsa, koma kanthu kochita ndi iwo sangathe. malingaliro obsessive, malingaliro adazindikira mwa munthu awo, koma chifukwa chakuti ndife anthu ambiri aukali, nthabwala, tanthauzo, munthu amene akudwala kuukira. Iwo angayambe chifukwa zinthu zoopsa kapena kuwonongeka organic kuti ndi kotekisi prefrontal, woyambira ganglia, cingulate gyrus.

Overvalued malingaliro maganizo

Chiweruzo looneka palibe vuto lililonse, koma iwo anali kudziwika monga osiyana matenda ndondomeko - chakhungu maganizo. Psychology ndi maganizo pambali polimbana ndi vutoli, monga malingaliro overvalued tiyenera tikonze njira maganizo mu magawo oyambirira. Munthu ndi kudwala uyu akhala akusunga chuma maganizo, koma munthu kapena ya mfundo kulimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu, sapereka mpumulo. Iwo ali ndi udindo lalikulu pakati pa maganizo onse mu malingaliro ake, yotopetsa anthu ndi maganizo Anapitirizabe mu ubongo kwa nthawi yaitali.

Zimaŵetedwa monga matenda ndondomeko ganizo

Ndi kwadalako kuphwanya ndondomeko maganizo, chifukwa munthu ali maganizo ulaliki sagwirizana zake, zenizeni, ofanana ndi malamulo a maganizo. Wodwala akuganiza moyenera awo, ndipo sangakhoze kukhulupirira pandunji.